This shows a high percentage of total fluxes, and it is doubtful if the clay could be heated to cone 10 or 12 without fusing.

Pleistocene clay loams are found overlying the Clay Marls at several localities in the county, and are usually mixed with the latter in the manufacture of brick, although the loam by itself is of little value for brickmaking in most cases, because of its low plasticity and tensile strength, and its porous-burning character. Besides this it often contains pebbles which should either be crushed or carefully removed by screening, for otherwise they tend to split the brick in burning.

Clay-working Industry.

Common building brick are made in large quantities at Fish House, by Hatch & Sons, at City Line station, Camden, by Budd Brothers, and at Collingswood, by J. C. Dobbs. The bricks in all cases are made by the stiff-mud process. Some of these yards have been in operation for a considerable period. Dry-pressed front brick of a number of shades and colors have been made by the Eastern Hydraulic Press Brick Company, at Winslow Junction, since 1890 (Pl. XLII, Fig. 2), the clays being dug at various localities.

Draintile are made at Collingswood by J. C. Dobbs. Red earthenware and stoneware are produced at Haddonfield by C. Wingender & Bro., the raw clays being derived in part from Camden county and in part from the South Amboy district. A factory for the manufacture of sanitary ware is also in operation at Camden. It is now controlled by the Camden Pottery Company.

Tests of bricks from this county compare very favorably with those from other localities.

CAPE MAY COUNTY.

Clays are dug at only one locality in this county, viz., at Woodbine (Loc. 189), where they are worked into common building brick by Bushnell & Westcott. The deposit lies 1-11⁄2 miles southeast of the depot and not over one-eighth mile south of the agricultural school. The clay is known to be 6 feet thick, underlain by sand, and covered by about I foot of sandy stripping. It is, therefore, a comparatively shallow deposit. The material is mostly quite sandy, but fairly plastic. It is usually red-burning, but patches of whitish-burning clays are occasionally found, one of these occurring at the north end of the bank. The latter is bluish-white in color and is usually avoided in mining.

Plate XLIII, Fig. 1, shows one portion of the pit, and indicates well the thickness of the clay, thin overburden, and dense brush growth on the surface. The two latter interfere somewhat with the search for clays in this region, and, therefore, careful prospecting with an auger is very necessary.

The physical characters of the run of the bank (Lab. No. 705), as shown by the green brick mixture, are as follows: Water required for tempering, 21.4 per cent. ; air shrinkage, 4.3 per cent.; average tensile strength, 90 pounds per square inch.

The bluish-white clay (Lab. No. 678) is tough, gritty and moderately plastic. It takes more water than the other, viz., 27.8 per cent., and its air shrinkage is also higher, being 6 per cent. On firing the brick seems to expand, possibly due to high silica contents and also to fusion. This is shown below:

Pit of Clayville Mining and Manufacturing Company, near Clayville. The clay is in the Cohansey formation, and the area on left has been worked

over.

A larger deposit of this grade of clay would be a desirable possession.

Other clay deposits are said to occur in the vicinity of Woodbine, but they have not been opened. Clay is also reported to occur near Tuckahoe, but nothing is known of its character or extent.

Clay-working Industry.-Brick are made at the one locality referred to above. There is opportunity for much prospecting to be done, and the possibility of finding larger pockets of the lightburning clay, like that found in Bushnell & Westcott's pit, should · stimulate search.