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POL. Have I, my lord? Assure you, my good

liege,

I hold my duty, as I hold my soul,

⚫and. 4tos. Both to my God, one to my gracious king:
& 1603. And I do think, (or else this brain of mine
+ So 4tos. Hunts not the trail of policy(11) so sure

I have.

1623, 32.

‡ depth. 1603.

§ fruit. 4tos.

As it hath us'd to do,) that I have found
The very cause of Hamlet's lunacy.

KING. Thyself do grace
them in.

KING. O, speak of that; that do I long to hear. POL. Give first admittance to the embassadors; My news shall be the news § to that great feast. to them, and bring [Exit POLONIUS. He tells me, my sweet Queen, that he hath found Gertrude, The head and source of all your son's distemper. QUEEN. I doubt it is no other but the main ;(12) His father's death, and our o'erhasty marriage.

|| deere

he hath. 4tos.

Re-enter POLONIUS, with VOLTIMAND and CORNELIUS.

KING. Well, we shall sift him. Welcome, [my]
good friends!

Say, Voltimand, what from our brother Norway?
VOLT. Most fair return of greetings, and desires.
Upon our first, he sent out to suppress

с

His nephew's levies; which to him appear'd
To be a preparation 'gainst the Polack;
But, better look'd into, he truly found

It was against your highness: Whereat griev'd,
That so his sickness, age, and impotence,
Was falsely borne in hand,(13)—sends out arrests
On Fortinbras; which he, in brief, obeys;

a

d

My news shall be the news] Fruit is the reading of the quartos. By news must be meant the talk or leading topic at, &c.

b grace] i. e. the honours.

с

Upon our first] i. e. audience, or opening of our business.

d sends out arrests] i. e. he issues. See "drew," Lear, II. 4. Kent; where I is understood.

Receives rebuke from Norway; and, in fine,
Makes vow before his uncle, never more
To give th' assay of arms against your majesty.
Whereon old Norway, overcome with joy,
Gives him three thousand crowns in annual fee,a
And his commission, to employ those soldiers,
So levied as before, against the Polack:
With an entreaty, herein further shown,

[Gives a Paper.

That it might please you to give quiet pass
Through your dominions for his enterprize;
On such regards of safety, and allowance,
As therein are set down.

KING.

It likes us well; (14)

And, at our more consider'd time, we'll read,
Answer, and think upon this business.

Mean time, we thank you for your well-took labour:
Go to your rest; at night we'll feast together:
Most welcome home!

POL.

[Exeunt VOLTIMAND and CORNELIUS.

* this. 4tos.

that. 1603.

This business is very well+ ended. + is well.

My liege, and madam, to expostulate

What majesty should be, what duty is,

Why day is day, night, night, and time is time,
Were nothing but to waste night, day, and time.
Therefore, since brevity is the soul of wit,

And tediousness the limbs and outward flourishes,—
I will be brief: Your noble son is mad:

a three thousand crowns in annual fee] i. e. a feud or fee (in land) of that yearly value. RITSON. See "pin's fee,” Haml. I. 4. Haml.

b At our considered time] i. e. the past being used for that which is in prospect; "when we have more time for considering."

с

expostulate] i. e. to show by discussion, to put the pros and cons, to answer demands upon the question. Expose is an old term of similar import. About to be separated. Tr. & Cr. IV. 4 : "Nay, we must use expostulation kindly." "Pausanias had now opportunity to visit her and to expostulate the favourable deceit, whereby she had caused his jealousie." Stanley's Aurore, 8vo. 1650. p. 44.

E

4tos.

Mad call I it for to define true madness,
What is't, but to be nothing else but mad:
But let that go.

QUEEN.

More matter, with less art.

POL. Madam, I swear, I use no art at all.
That he is mad, 'tis true: 'tis true, 'tis pity;
And pity 'tis, 'tis true: a foolish figure;
But farewell it, for I will use no art.

Mad let us grant him then and now remains,
That we find out the cause of this effect;
Or, rather say, the cause of this defect;
For this effect, defective, comes by cause:
Thus it remains, and the remainder thus.(15)
Perpend.

I have a daughter; have, while she is mine; a
Who, in her duty and obedience, mark,

Hath given me this: Now gather, and surmise.
[Reads] To the celestial, and my soul's idol, the most
beautified (16) Ophelia,

That's an ill phrase, a vile phrase; beautified is a vile

Thus: in. phrase; but you shall hear. These,*

4tos.

In her excellent white bosom, these.(17)

QUEEN. Came this from Hamlet to her?

POL. Good madam, stay awhile; I will be faithful.

Doubt thou, the stars are fire;

Doubt, that the sun doth move:

Doubt truth to be a liar;

But never doubt, I love.

[Reads.

O dear Ophelia, I am ill at these numbers; I have

a while she is mine] The original 1603 in this place adds, "for that we thinke is surest, we often loose."

b beautified] The corresponding passage in 1603 gives "beautifull."

c I am ill at these numbers] No talent for, knack at, or " I am ill at reckoning." L. L. L. I. 2. Arm. "The world is like an ill foole in a play." Rogers's Christian Curtesie. A Sermon, 4to. 1621, p. 46.

not art to reckon my groans: but that I love thee best, O most best,(18) believe it.

Adieu.

Thine evermore, most dear lady, whilst
this machine is to him,a Hamlet.

This, in obedience, hath my daughter showed* me:
And more above,† hath his solicitings,† (19)
As they fell out by time, by means, and place,
All given to mine ear.

KING.

Receiv'd his love?

POL.

But how hath she

What do you think of me?

KING. As of a man faithful and honourable.

POL. I would fain prove so.

think,

But what might you

When I had seen this hot love on the wing,

(As I perceiv'd it, I must tell you that,

Before my daughter told me,) what might you,
Or

my dear majesty your queen here, think,

If I had play'd the desk, or table-book;

Or given my heart a winking, mute and dumb;

Or look'd upon this love with idle sight; (20)

* shown. 4tos.

+ about. 4tos.

t solliciting. 1623, 32.

1603.

What might you think? no, I went round to work,(21) § starre.
And my young mistress thus did I bespeak;
Lord Hamlet is a prince out of thy §star,

This must not be: and then I precepts || gave her,
That she should lock herself from his resort,
Admit no messengers, receive no tokens.
Which done, she took the fruits of my advice;"

a Whilst this machine is to him] i. e. belongs to, obeys his impulse; so long as he is "a sensible warm motion.” M. for M. III. 1. Claud.

b out of thy star] i. e. of a constellation of a higher class or order. The quarto 1611 also gives star, and in II. 7. King. we have “the star moves not but in his sphere." In All's Well &c. Helena says:

I. 1.

"Twere as I should love a bright particular star,

"And think to wed it, he is so above me.

"In his bright radiance and collateral light

"Must I be comforted; not in his sphere."

Which done, she took the fruits of my advice;] i. e. she took the fruits of advice when she obeyed advice: the advice was then made fruitful. JOHNSON.

sphere. 4to. & 1632.

|| prescripts. 4tos.

* repel'd. And he, repulsed,* (a short tale to make,) Fell into a sadness; then into a fast; (22)

4tos.

† wherein. 4tos.

‡ mourn. 4tos.

like. 4to.

Il does. 4tos.

But. 4tos.

Thence to a watch; thence into a weakness;
Thence to a lightness; and, by this declension,
Into the madness whereont now he raves,
And all we wailet for.

KING.

Do you think, 'tis this?
QUEEN. It may be, very likely.§

POL. Hath there been such a time, (I'd fain know

that,)

That I have positively said, 'Tis so,

When it prov'd otherwise?

KING.

Not that I know.

POL. Take this from this, if this be otherwise:

[Pointing to his Head and Shoulder.

If circumstances lead me, I will find

Were truth is hid, though it were hid indeed

Within the centre.

KING.

How may we try it further?

POL. You know, sometimes he walks four hours together,

Here in the lobby.

[blocks in formation]

POL. At such a time I'll loose my daughter to

him:

Be you and I behind an arras' then;

Mark the encounter: if he love her not,
And be not from his reason fallen thereon,
Let me be no assistant for a state,

And keep a farm, and carters.

KING.

a watch] i. e. sleepless state.

We will try it.

b behind an arras] i. e. hangings of the room. See I. H. IV. II. 4. Pr. Hen.

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