66 Darling. A diminutive, 'little dear.' 'Madness.'

72 Fury. 74 Mummy. embalming.'

From a Persian word 'móm,' 'wax used in

83 An. The theory that 'an' meant 'if' is rather weakened by the fact that the word was often written 'and.'

105 Hungerly. For -ly attached to a noun, to make an adverb, cf. 'angerly' (Macbeth, iii. 5, 1), also cheerly' and 'silverly;' and note the adjectives 'fellowly,' 'traitorly.'

119, sq. Simply to know that would be a satisfaction, and I would make the best of it.'

123 Advocation. 'Pleading.'

125 Favour. As in ii. 1, 229.

128 Blank. 'Centre of target.' Cf. "As level as the cannon to his blank."-Hamlet, iv. I, 42.

143 Puddled. 'Make muddy.'

152 With my soul as judge.

Suborn. To furnish or provide secretly.' Especially used of providing a perjured witness.

157 Toy. 'Idle fancy.'

Cf.

"The very place puts toys of desperation
Into every brain."—Hamlet, i. 4, 75.

Continuate. 'Unbroken by other business.'

194 Addition. 'Outward honours.' Cf. "Bear hence a great addition earned in thy death."-Troilus, iv. 5, 141.

195 Woman'd. A participle derived from a noun means 'endowed with.' Cf. 'childed,' 'year'd,' 'grav'd.'

ACT IV. SCENE I.

16 Essence. 'An existence.'

21 Where there was an invalid, this sight might be thought portentous.

23 Iago would attach no importance to that. Othello says that that is unlike his usual wisdom.

27 sq. The sentence is compressed. 'Some by importunity over-persuade; others give way before the forward folly of their mistress. Each class are ready enough to blab.'

43 Shakes. Old copies in this and other passages have the verb in the singular after a relative with plural antecedent. Epilepsy, from the future of 'èπíλaμßávw,' 'to seize on.' 47 See note on iii.

54 Lethargy. 'Heavy sleep.' Der. non,' 'oblivion.' Mark the masculine possessive, where we should use the neuter. Cf. "The gate opened to them of his own accord.”—Acts xii. 10. Its was not originally used in the Authorized Version, but occurs in Shakspere. In Ben Jonson both its and it are found possessive.

76 In a patient list. Within the limits of patience.' 'List,' literally the selvage of cloth;' then 'a place enclosed by a ring or border.'

80 'Made your fit an excuse to dismiss him.'

83 Fleers.

89 Spleen.

'Mockings.'
'Wrath.

102 Unbookish. 'Ignorant.'

105 Addition. 'Title' (of lieutenant). Cf.--
"Where great additions swells, and virtue none,

It is a dropsied honour."-All's Well that Ends Well, ii. 3, 134. 108 Dower, or power. Readings vary. The former is a

corruption for 'dotarium.'
Be successful.'

109 Speed.

Caitiff. With French 'chétif,' from 'captivus.'

While Iago draws out Cassio, Othello is watching and listening.

121 Shakspere had been studying for the Roman plays about this time.

123 Customer. 'An immoral woman.'

126 See note on 43, supra.

130 'Have you settled with me?'

139 Bauble. Originally the fool's mace.'

swinging from 'bobble,' frequently of 'bob.'

66

Der. from its

144 Hale. Another form of 'haul.' Cf. Acts viii. 3, Haling men and women committed them to prison."

149 Before me. A euphemism for 'before God.' Cf. "Fore me! This fellow speaks."-Coriolanus, i. I, 124.

150 Fitchew.

'A pole-cat.'

160 Hobby-horse. From O.F. ‘hobin,' 'an ambling horse.' 163 Should. The past tense of 'shall,' used for 'must.' Cf. "He that parts us shall (must) bring a brand from heaven.”Lear, v. 3, 22.

·

188 In the killing.'

204 Condition. 'Position.'
208 Fond. 'Foolish.'
209 Patent. 'Permission.'
224 'I will dispose of him.'

240 Othello has reached the end of the letter, reading to himself.

244 Atone. Der. 'at one;' 'to reconcile.'

257 Teem with. 'Bring forth.'

258 Falls. 'Transitive.' Cf. "Her mantle she did fall."Midsummer Night's Dream, v. 143. 'They fall their crests." -Julius Cæsar, iv. 2, 23.

Cf. "The mournful crocodile

With sorrow snares relenting passengers."

2 Henry VI. iii. 1, 226.

268 While speaking to Lodovico he pauses to rail at Desde-

mona.

275 Lodovico cannot account for the Moor's demeanour.
281 Censure. Originally 'opinion, good or bad.' See note
on ii. 3, 193, supra.

285 Probably the second clause of Iago's speech is an aside.
290 'There will be no occasion for me to speak.'

SCENE 2.

3 She. Cf. "Praise him that got thee, she that gave thee
suck."-Troilus and Cressida, ii. 3, 252. Shakspere's inflexion
of personal pronouns is very irregular.

12 Durst to wager. See note on ii. 3, 190.
13 Other. Here a singular pronoun.
gentler than other."-Julius Cæsar, i. 2, 231.

66

Cf. 'Every time

30 Mystery. 'Business.' Cf. "Instructions, manners, mys-
teries, and trades."-Timon, iv. 1, 18.

48 They; i.e. the gods in heaven.'

54, 55 Text doubtful here. Proposed changes numerous and
unsatisfactory. The Quartos-

"A fixed figure, for the time of Scorne

To point his slow vnmoving finger(s) at."

The Folios--

"The fixed figure for the time of Scorn,

To point the slow and moving finger at."
The most popular changes seem to be hand for time, or—
66 'The fixed figure of the time, for Scorn

To point his slow and moving finger.'

There are few textual difficulties in this play, ergo make sure
of this one.

61 Cistern. From cista, a chest.'

62 Knot and gender. 'To breed.'

Turn. Cf. "He has turned his colour."-Hamlet, ii. 2, 542.
78 Bawdy. 'Bold.'

99 With who. See note on line 3, supra.

104 Water; i.e. 'tears.'

108 Have I been behaved. A relic of the passive is still kept
up in 'well-behaved.'

130 Eternal. 'For infernal.'

132 Cog. 'Cheat.' There is a Welsh word, 'coeg,' 'empty.'
Cozen. Properly, 'act as a cousin,' thence, 'to sponge upon,'
'beguile.'

139 Abused.

'Cheated.'

141 Companions. In a bad sense. Cf., "Now, you companion" (Menenius to the Sentinel, Coriolanus, v. 2, 65); and Brutus to the poet, the 'jigging fool,' "Companion, hence!" -Julius Cæsar, iv. 3, 138.

145 Squire. Also 'contemptuous.' 158 Divorce. Der. 'divertere.'

163 Addition. Title,' as in iv. 1, 105. 165 Humour. Here 'anger.'

170 Stay. 'Wait for the meal.'

175 Daff. 'Put off.' Same word as 'doff.'

177 Conveniency. Enjoyment of advantage.' 190 Votarist. Votary.' Used in either gender.

197 Fobbed. 'Put off.'

211 A most natural objection.

229 Linger, as a trans. verb, appears in Midsummer Night's Dream, I, 4: "She lingers my desires."

SCENE 3.

7, sq. An aside.

Tempus, After Supper.

12 Incontinent. 'Immediately.' See i. 3, 306.

32 But. Preventive.

Cf.

"Have you no countermand for Claudio yet,
But he must die to-morrow?"

-Measure for Measure, iv. 2, 95.

At one side. We still say a-side (at side), but on one side. 53 She has forgotten the words.

59 Emilia avoids giving a direct affirmative.

80 It is only wrong if it becomes known to the world; now, if one is to gain the world for it, (68) the world is at your command, and therefore it is no matter.

92 Having. 'Property.' Cf., "The gentleman is of no having."-Merry Wives, iii. 2, 73.

93

We are vexed.'

106 Mend. 'Amend' (intrans.).

ACT V. SCENE I.

I Bulk. A stall of a shop. Cf. "Stalls, bulks, windows."Coriolanus, ii. I, 226. Connected with 'balk,' 'a beam or partition;' whence also 'to baulk.'

2 The weapon and the word are of Spanish origin.

II Quat.
Sense.

Pimple.' 'Quick.'

14 Live.

Subjunctive, 'If Roderigo live.' This mood used conditionally sometimes precedes the subject : "Live a thousand years,

I shall find myself so fit to die."

16 Bobbed. Cf. "You shall not bob us out of our melody."— Troilus and Cressida, iii. 1, 75. The verb (intrans.) means 'to knock against,' and (trans.) also 'to thump.' and thumped."—Richard III. v. 3, 334.

66

Beaten, bobbed,

23 Gait. The older spelling was 'gate,' which meant 'street, or way,' and appears in all northern languages. Cf. German 96 gasse, 'a street.' From the same root came the word 'gantlet' (in the phrase 'to run the gantlet'), which was formerly 'gantlope,' a corruption of Swedish 'gatlopp,' literally ‘a running down a lane.' (Swedish 'gata,' 'a way.')

26 Thine; i.e. 'coat.'

30 Surgeon. Originally chirurgeon.' Greek 'xelp,' 'hand;' 'Epyew,' 'to work.'

34 Hies. 'Hastens.'

37 Passage. "A going to and fro of people.' Cf. “In the stirring passage of the day."-Comedy of Errors, iii. 1, 99.

41 Heavy. 'Gloomy. Used elsewhere only of the eye in this sense. Lodovico's feeling is that it may be a plot; that some one is pretending to be wounded in order to induce the unwary to give assistance, and render themselves an easy prey to confederates.

64 Be. Dubitative subj.

Garter. (French 'jarretière.') From an old word 'garret,' diminutive of 'gar,' 'leg.'

85 Trash. See note on ii. I, 312.

106 Gastness. 'Ghastliness.'

Fordoes. Undoes.' Cf. Hamlet, v. 1, 244:

"The corse they follow did with desperate hand
Fordo its own life."

SCENE 2.

4 Whiter skin than snow. For the noun interposed in the adjective phrase cf. "Bid these unknown friends to us, welcome." -Winter's Tale, iv. 4, 65.

5 Alabaster. Said to be from Alabastron, town in Egypt. II Pattern. Example,' 'master-piece.' "This pattern of thy butcheries."—Richard III. i. 2, 54. 12 Prometheus.

παντέχνου πυρὸς σέλας Θνητοῖσι κλέψας ὤπασεν.”-AscH. P. V. 7.

17 Kissing her again.

20 'I cannot help weeping, but I am pitiless; my sorrow is like the love of the gods, who take those they love.'

I