habitations in the country, that they have respite of time for that, and admittance to enjoy their holdings, paying contribution, as others in the country do, and carry with them safely such goods as they have within the garrison.

3. That all clergymen and captains [? chaplains] of the soldiers, both town and country, now in this garrison, may freely march, bag and baggage, without any annoyance or prejudice in body or goods.

4. That all and every the inhabitants of the said town, and their wives, children and servants, with all their goods and chattels, both within the town and abroad in the country, shall be protected from time to time, and at all times, and shall quietly and peaceably enjoy their estates, real and personal, in as free and good condition as any English or Irish shall hold his or their estates in this kingdom, they and every of them paying such contribution as the rest of the inhabitants of the county of Tipperary pay proportionably to their estates, and no

more.

In consideration whereof the said Governor doth hereby engage himself that he will deliver up the said town with all things therein, except such things as are before agreed upon, to be taken away with them by eight of the clock this morning.

ARTICLES made and agreed on the 24th day of Feb. 1649[-50], between his Excellency the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland on the one part, and Captain George Mathews,' Governor of Cahyr Castle of the other part, concerning the surrender of the same castle, viz.:

Imprimis, that the governor and all officers, soldiers and clergymen and servants may march out with their horses and arms and bag and baggage. The English soldiers willing to serve his Excellency may be entertained. Those that will not, either English or Irish, to have

* MS. in Royal Irish Academy.

pp. 256, 257.

Printed in Murphy's Cromwell in Ireland,

1 Half-brother of the Marquis of Ormond, whose mother, Lady Thurles, married George Mathewe, esquire, sen., as her second husband.

liberty to live quietly in the country, laying down their arms, or passes to go elsewhere.

That the Governor may enjoy his estate which he hath as his wife's jointure, or wardship of the heiress of Cahir.

That he may have his goods and chattells and liberty for a week to carry them away; and have the possession of the castle of Reghill for his habitation, and his corn yet remaining there, his Excellency keeping two files of musketeers there.

That the goods he hath in the castle belonging to others may be delivered to the several proprietors.

That in consideration hereof the Governor is to deliver up the said castle to his Excellency upon signing these articles.

O. CROMWELL.*

SIR,

57

(AFTER LETTER CXXI)

To [Major-General Ireton] President of Munster

Knocktopher, March 18, 1649[-50].

The guns could not come from Rosse, but near a mile short of Enisteague. I believe the castle by Tho[mas] towne is delivered by this time, the officers and soldiers to leave arms and ammunition behind them, and to go home to their dwellings, and engage never to bear arms against the Parliament.

Abbott took the other castle;1 I believe two or more of his men are killed and since dead. He could not get the men out without giving them their lives, except a sergeant and a corporal, which were all the officers they had, who were at mercy and are since hanged.

For certain, Castlehaven is lately returned back with his army; Reynolds sent me almost an alarm about it.

I believe it were good to draw all your foot to these parts, and to put Kilkenny to a speedy issue before Grannowe2 or other things be attempted, whereby Castlehaven, and indeed all their forces, will be put to such a distance from Waterford and Clonmell as will best dis

* Gilbert's Contemporary History etc., ii. 363. MS. in Royal Irish Academy, Copy in S. P. Ireland.

1 See Letter CXXX.

2 Granny, a fort near Waterford; see Letter CXXX.

courage them, and give you opportunity to act as you please upon them. If so, to bring your guns to Tho[mas] town first would not be improper, but I leave it to your judgment. However let all the foot come up, and speed you up to us.

I rest, yours,

O. C.*

58

(AFTER LETTER CXXXII)

AFTER the surrender of so many garrisons to Cromwell, the Irish under Ormond became suspicious of their English comrades, and urged him to dismiss his English troops. The latter were only too anxious to return to their homes, and sent the Commissioners mentioned below to make terms with Cromwell, who thereupon issued the following Declaration, and sent orders to Vice-Admiral Penn to assist them to pass the Shannon.

Upon the addresses and overtures to me made by Sir Robert Sterling, knight, Mr. Michaell Boyle, Dean of Cloyne, and Colonel John Daniell, in the name and behalf of the Protestant party in Ireland, now under the command or obedience of the Lord Marquess of Ormond, I do hereby declare and promise as followeth.

That all such officers and soldiers and gentlemen or clergymen (being English or Scottish and Protestants), as desire to come off from the Irish popish party, and shall come under conduct of Col. John Daniell, may repair to Doneraile, and there, engaging not to act against the Parliament, shall have passes to go where they will within the Parliament's quarters or to transport themselves beyond sea, with certain provisoes.

2. That they may take their money and all their goods (horses, arms and ammunition excepted).

3. That commissioned officers, gentry and clergy, shall keep so many of their horses, with their swords and such other arms, as shall be fitting and suitable to their qualities; and both they and the soldiers may sell their horses and arms, to officers or soldiers of the LordLieutenant's army or to English Protestants.

* Holograph. Printed in Sketches from the Carte Papers, p. 21.

4. Whether, and on what terms, they may continue to hold their estates, till the pleasure of Parliament is known, shall be referred to the Commissioners for Revenue.

5. Those not giving assurance of fidelity to Parliament within six months, shall have liberty to remove and transport themselves beyond seas-those giving such assurance and submitting to such fines or composition as shall be imposed, shall enjoy their lives and estates as freely as all others.

6. The like declaration for those coming off with Viscount Montgomery of Ardes, who are to surrender at Enniskillen.

7. The like for those coming off under Sir Thomas Armstrong, to surrender at Trim or some place thereabouts.

Provided that all come off within thirty days, and that no benefit thereof shall extend to Col. Wogan or the Marshal that went with him out of Cork.

All officers, soldiers and others to observe the above conditions. O. CROMWELL.*

Underwritten: Engagement for the fair fulfilment of the above conditions, signed and sealed by Sterling, Boyle and Daniell. Same date.

SIR,

(2) To Capt. Wm. Penn, Vice Admiral of the Irish Seas Fethard, April 26, 1650.

Understanding that there are many of the English Protestant party with the Lord of Inchiquin and others, who are desirous to come in to me and to lay down their arms, and desert the Irish interest: and that in their coming away they shall be necessitated to pass over the river Shannon, near the place where your ships ride, which without your assistance will be very hard for them to do, I therefore desire you (upon their informing you thereof) that you will afford them what countenance and assistance (for the furthering of this their purpose) you may without prejudice to the fleet. I rest, Sir, Your very loving friend,

O. CROMWELL. †

Abridged from the original in Sir R. Tangye's Collection, signed and sealed by Cromwell. Printed in Gilbert's Contemporary History etc., ii. p. 393.

+From a copy amongst the Carte Papers. Printed in Gilbert's Contemporary History etc., ii. 397, and in Sketches from the Carte Papers, p. 22.

Upon May 5, the three Commissioners made a further application to Cromwell, for the explanation of three points in the above articles, viz.:-1. Whether, when relation is made of English or Irish Protestants, it be intended to extend to Protestants of any other nation; 2. Whether the security given to those conducted by Col. Daniel, the Lord of Ardes and Sir Thomas Armstrong apply also to the conductors; 3. Whether, if those bound to leave Ireland within six months are under arrest for debt or other matters and cannot go forth, it shall be accounted a breach of the articles. To this Cromwell replied:

(3) To these several scruples I answer and declare: To the first two affirmatively, and to the third negatively; or (for the more clearness) to the several particulars as followeth "-(recites the three points). O. CROMWELL.*

A curious little story comes in as a sequel to these proceedings. Dean Boyle, thinking to do a service to Ormond and Inchiquin, procured passes for them from Cromwell, to depart the kingdom. Cromwell naturally took advantage of this to send word to the garrisons not yet surrendered, that their Lord Lieutenant had given up the game, and was about to depart. Ormond was exceedingly angry with Boyle, and wrote the following letter to Cromwell ::

"SIR,

Dean Boyle having brought me a paper signed and sealed by you, seeming to be a pass for me to transport myself beyond seas, I did much wonder from whence or for what reason it was that you either gave or he accepted it, since he was directed to declare to you (if it came in question) that I had no intention to treat with you for a pass or any other thing, and though I am yet to seek a reason for his part of that transaction, yet yours appears to me in Axtell's letter to General Preston. I have by this trumpeter returned you your paper, and for your unsought courtesy do assure you that when you shall desire a pass from me, and I think fit to grant it, I shall not make use of it to corrupt any that commands under you. I remain, your humble servant,

"Loughreagh, the 17th of May, 1650." 1

"ORMOND.

* From the original, signed, in Sir Richard Tangye's Collection.

1 Printed in Gilbert's Contemporary History etc., ii. 411, from Carte MSS., xxvii. 350.