An Essay Concerning Human UnderstandingPenguin UK, 26.08.2004 - 816 Seiten In An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, first published in 1690, John Locke (1632-1704) provides a complete account of how we acquire everyday, mathematical, natural scientific, religious and ethical knowledge. Rejecting the theory that some knowledge is innate in us, Locke argues that it derives from sense perceptions and experience, as analysed and developed by reason. While defending these central claims with vigorous common sense, Locke offers many incidental - and highly influential - reflections on space and time, meaning, free will and personal identity. The result is a powerful, pioneering work, which, together with Descartes's works, largely set the agenda for modern philosophy. |
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... sounds throughout the Essay as a whole. Running, sometimes implicitly but quite insistently, through it is a rejection of a number of aspects and elements of Scholasticism – for example, a belief in substantial forms and essences that ...
... sounds throughout the Essay as a whole. Running, sometimes implicitly but quite insistently, through it is a rejection of a number of aspects and elements of Scholasticism – for example, a belief in substantial forms and essences that ...
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... sounds. 4. Modes of colours. 5, 6. Modes of tastes. 7. Why some modes have, and others have not names. CHAPTER XIX Of the Modes of Thinking SECT. 1, 2. Sensation, remembrance, contemplation, etc. 3. The various attention of the mind in ...
... sounds. 4. Modes of colours. 5, 6. Modes of tastes. 7. Why some modes have, and others have not names. CHAPTER XIX Of the Modes of Thinking SECT. 1, 2. Sensation, remembrance, contemplation, etc. 3. The various attention of the mind in ...
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... sounds. 2. To make them signs of ideas. 3, 4. To make general signs. 5. Words ultimately derived from such as signify sensible ideas. 6. Distribution. CHAPTER II Of the Signification of Words SECT. 1. Words are sensible signs necessary ...
... sounds. 2. To make them signs of ideas. 3, 4. To make general signs. 5. Words ultimately derived from such as signify sensible ideas. 6. Distribution. CHAPTER II Of the Signification of Words SECT. 1. Words are sensible signs necessary ...
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Inhalt
forward after the rejection in Book I of an opposing doctrine about its genesis | |
No Innate Practical Principles | |
Not the real essence which we know | |
Not substantial forms which we know less 11 That the nominal essence is that whereby we distinguish species further evident from spirits | |
Whereof there are probably numberless species | |
The nominal essence that of the species proved from water and ice 1418 Difficulties against a certain number of real essences | |
Our nominal essences of substances not perfect collections of properties 21 But such a collection as our names stand | |
Our abstract ideas are to us the measures of species instance in that of man 23 Species not distinguished by generation | |
Not by substantial forms 25 The specific essences are made by the mind 26 27 Therefore very various and uncertain | |
But not so arbitrary as mixed modes | |
Other Considerations concerning Innate Principles both Speculative and Practical | |
against this doctrine of innatism derives from the thought that it hinders people | |
OF IDEAS | |
Of Ideas of One Sense | |
Of Simple Ideas of both Sensation and Reflection | |
Some further Considerations concerning our Simple Ideas | |
Of Perception | |
Of Retention | |
Of Discerning and other Operations of the Mind | |
Of Complex Ideas | |
Of Simple Modes and first of the Simple Modes of Space | |
Of Duration and its Simple Modes | |
Of Duration and Expansion considered together | |
Of Number | |
Of Infinity | |
Of other Simple Modes | |
Of the Modes of Thinking | |
Of Modes of Pleasure and Pain | |
Of Power | |
Of Mixed Modes | |
Of our Complex Ideas of Substances | |
Of Collective Ideas of Substances | |
Of Relation | |
Of Cause and Effect and other Relations | |
Of Identity and Diversity | |
Of other Relations | |
Of Clear and Obscure Distinct and Confused Ideas | |
Of Real and Fantastical Ideas | |
Of Adequate and Inadequate Ideas | |
Of True and False Ideas | |
Of the Association of Ideas | |
Of Words or Language in General | |
Of the Signification of Words | |
Of General Terms | |
Of the Names of Simple Ideas | |
Of the Names of Mixed Modes and Relations | |
Of the Names of Substances | |
Though very imperfect 30 Which yet serve for common converse | |
Essences of species under the same name very different | |
The more general our ideas are the more incomplete and partial they | |
This all accommodated to the end of speech 34 Instance in cassowaries 35 Men determine the sorts | |
Nature makes the similitude 37 And continues it in the races of things 38 Each abstract idea is an essence | |
Genera and species are in order to naming 40 Species of artificial things less confused than natural | |
Artificial things of distinct species 42 Substances alone have proper names | |
Of Particles | |
Of Abstract and Concrete Terms | |
Of the Imperfection of Words | |
Of the Abuse of Words | |
Of the Remedies of the Foregoing Imperfections and Abuses | |
OF KNOWLEDGE AND OPINION Chapter I Of Knowledge in General | |
Of the Degrees of our Knowledge | |
Of the Extent of Human Knowledge | |
Of the Reality of Knowledge | |
human mind were various moral or as Locke calls them practical precepts | |
Of Truth in General | |
Of Universal Propositions their Truth and Certainty | |
Of Maxims | |
Of Trifling Propositions | |
Of our Knowledge of Existence | |
Of our Knowledge of the Existence of a | |
Of our Knowledge of the Existence of other Things | |
Of the Improvement of our Knowledge | |
Of Judgement XV Of Probability | |
Of the Degrees of Assent | |
Of Reason | |
Of Faith and Reason and their Distinct Provinces | |
Of Enthusiasm | |
Of Wrong Assent or Error | |
Of the Division of the Sciences | |
John Lockes Debate with Edward Stillingfleet Bishop of Worcester as it figures in footnotes in the Fifth Edition of the Essay | |
Index to the Fifth Edition | |
Notes | |
extent of human knowledge I i 2 Just what had aroused his interest here? What | |
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abstract ideas actions æther agreement or disagreement amongst annexed aqua regia assent body capable certainly CHAPTER clear and distinct colour complex ideas conceive concerning confused connexion consciousness consider desire determined discourse distinct ideas distinguish doubt duration eternal evident examine extension faculties false figure gold happiness hath idea of infinite ideas of substances identity imagine imprinted infinity innate ideas innate principles inquiry intuitive knowledge John Locke judgement knowledge liberty man’s matter maxims measure memory men’s mind mixed modes moral motion names nature necessary never nominal essence objects observe occasion operations particles particular perceive perception perhaps personal identity positive idea primary qualities produce propositions real essence reason received relation Secondly SECT senses sensible qualities signification simple ideas solid sort soul species spirit stand supposed things Thirdly thoughts true truth understanding uneasiness universal propositions whereby wherein whereof whilst words