every thing in its power, and an integrity which regards its duties and especially its promifes, the conteft is ever unequal. The King approached the moment when he was convinced of this by experience: this moment was the moft painful of his reign."-France only fulfilled the treaty as far as it fuited her, though the continued to be lavish of her affurances of friendship to Pruffia. The modifications, added to the treaty of Vienna, were now rejected at Paris. Endeavours were made to force Pruffia into the moft injurious measures; and when Count Haugwitz, who was, at Paris, remonftrated against this, the unConditional fulfilment of the treaty was haughtily infifted on, as were the immediate ceffion of the three provinces, and the recal of the patent by which the occupation of Hanover was declared provifional. Pruffia was required to refign a part of the advantages ftipulated, and to fhut the ports against the British flag, in the fame manner as if the French had returned into the Electorate.-The King, at length, was perfectly convinced of the true character of the friendship of the Emperor of the French-a foporific draught for a Power which ftill feels its own ftrength; an inftrument of degradation, and finally of fubjection, to every Power which no longer poffeffes ftrength. In the mean time, Napoleon was in poffeffion of every advantage. The Pruffian army had returned; his own, after fome movements of no confequence, at which deceived Germany prematurely rejoiced, on fome frivolous pretences, eflablished itfelf on this fide the Rhine. The King determined to continue the part he had hitherto acted for fome time longer. Wishing to preferve his force, now more than ever neceffary to Europe, and at the leaft te fecure the tranquillity of the North, he confirmed the new treaty. Confidence, however, was now utterly loft. Pruffia was convinced that, on the first opportunity to weaken her without danger, the might expect an attack from her pretended Ally:"-in fhort, three months after figning a treaty with Pruffia, all its articles were violated." The relations in which the peace of Prefburg had left the Emperor of Auftria, were guaranteed to him; confequently alfo the Imperial Crown of Germany, and the rights connected with it. The existence of Bavaria, and confequently the relations which had connected it for fo many centuries to the empire, were likewife confirmed by the fame common guarantee. Three months after, the Confederation of the Rhine overthrew the Germanic conftitution, and placed Bavaria, and thirty other princes, under the tutelage of France."

The next outrages were the deprivation

of the Prince of Orange of his paternal property, contrary to the ftipulations between Pruffia and France; though eight days before, he had received from the Emperor a letter, condoling with him in the cuftomary forms on the death of his father, and wishing him joy on his undifturbed fucceffion to the States of his Houfe.

Prince Murat, the new Sovereign of Cleves, feized on the abbies of Effen, Werden, and Elten. Buonaparte fuddenly feized upon Wefel, and annexed it to a French department; feized Ragufa, which was under the protection of the Porte; wrefted Gradifka and Aquileia from Auftria; diffolved the German Empire; and to feduce the Elector of Heffe from his alliance with Pruffia, offered to give him the territory of Fulda, the only remaining property of the Prince of Orange.-" By the treaty which the Emperor of Ruffia has refufed to ratify, France offered, in conjunction with Ruffia, to prevent Pruffia from depriving the King of Sweden of his German territories. Yet, for many months, the Cabinet of St. Cloud had continually preffed the King to feize thofe States, with the threefold view-firft, to revenge himself on the King of Sweden; fecondly, to embroil Pruffia with all other powers; and, thirdly, to purchafe her filence with refpect to the fubvertion of Southern Germany. But the King had long been aware, that fuch were the views of France; and his difpute with Sweden was painful to him. He had, therefore, been careful to provide againft every fufpicion of felf-interefted motives; and he confided his explanations to the Empe ror Alexander. The fcene now again changed; and Napoleon, who had so long been the enemy of the King of Sweden, was fuddenly transformed into his protector. In the infidious treaty of the French Emperor, in order to fatisfy the honourable intereft which the Court of St. Per. teriburg took in the maintenance of the rights of the King of Naples, he promifed the latter an indemnification; engaging to prevail on the King of Spain to cede to him the Belearic Hands."

no

The Manifefto then concludes with the following obfervations:-" It was longer doubtful that Napoleon had determined to overwhelm Pruffia with war, OF to render her for ever incapable of war, fince it was evident that he was leading her from humiliation to humiliation, till the fhoul be reduced to fuch a ftate of political degradation, that he could have no other will than that of her formidable neighbour. The laft doubt at length difappeared; troops marched from the interior of France towards the Rhine. The intent to attack Pruffia was clear and cer

tain.

1

tain. The King ordered a Note to be tranfmitted by General Knoblefdorf, containing the conditions on which he was ready to come to an accommodation. Thefe conditions were, 1. That the French troops fhould immediately evacuate Germany.-2. That France should oppose no obftacle to the formation of the Northern Confederacy; and that this Confederacy might embrace all the larger and fmaller States not included in the fundamental A&t of the Confederation of the Rhine, -3. That a Negotiation fhould immediately be commenced for the adjustment of all objects in difpute;-a preliminary article of which fhould be, the restoration of the three Abbies, and the feparation of the town of Wefel from the French Empire.-Thefe conditions fpeak for themfelves: they fhew how moderate the King has been in his demands, even at this moment, and how much the maintenance of peace, if France wishes peace, depends

upon herself. The term peremptorily fixed by the King for the decifion of peace or war has elapfed. His Majefty has no received the answer of the Cabinet of St. Cloud; or rather the preparations made around him, daily, give that anfwer. The King can henceforth confide the fafety and honour of his crown only to arms. He leads to honourable combat an army worthy its former glory. He reigns over a people of whom he may be proud; and while he is ready to fhed his blood for them, he knows what he may expect from energy and affection.-Princes, the honour of the German name, have joined their banners with his; and a Sovereign who honours with his virtues one of the firft Thrones in the world, is penetrated with the justice of his cause. His arms are bleffed by the voice of his people. With so many mo tives to be confcious of her ftrength, Pruffia may be permitted continually to confide in her high destiny."

PRUSSIA.

The following letter was lately fent by the King of Pruffia to General Von Kirschfeldt, Commandant of the Royal Guards at Potsdam:-" Though it was my firft intention to come to Potsdam tomorrow, to be prefent when the battalions march out, I have been obliged to wave my defign, on account of feveral temporary affairs and bufinefs which have intervened. Let the troops, therefore, be informed, in my name, that I wish them all, high and low, much happiness on the Occation of their march. What I have a right to expect of them, and the high degree of confidence which I have placed in them, have long been known to each individual: I fhall therefore not repeat it. Hitherto the Pruffian army has known how to preferve its glory; it will not fuffer it to fink now. But if we can obtain our object without the fword; that is to fay, the neceffary fecurity of our own, and the neighbouring States, fo much the better; otherwife, rather than flatter themselves with the vain though honourable hope of peace, I fhall expect that each of these States will think of diftinguishing itself, ftill more, for the general warfare againft the enemy. I wish you the continuance of your health, and hope to fee you all together in a fhort time.

(Signed) "FREDERICK WILLIAM." The inordinate pretenfions of France upon Pruffia have, as it was long fince forefeen, driven the Cabinet of Berlin to adopt, at length, that determination of refiftance, which it ought to have acted upon when its aid might have enabled the late Cos

alition to fet bounds to the intolerable and increafing encroachments of Buonaparte. His Pruffian Majefty, fenfible that his chief hope of a fuccefsful oppofition to the French power muft reft on the cooperation of England, and preffed at the fame time by the feelings of his own people, and the continued remonftrances of our honourable Ally the King of Sweden, upon the injuftice of his ufurpation of Hanover, has, it appears, refolved to reftore that Electorate to its lawful Sovereign. The King of Sweden has been allowed to occupy the Duchy of Lauenburg in the name of his Britannic Majelty; and the ultimate accommodation of the difputes be tween Great Britain and Pruffia is confidered as certain, from the circumftance of the embarge being taken off the Pruffian veffèls in our ports, and the blockade of the Pruffian ports being raised by an order of Council. (See p. 957.)

The King of Pruffia left Berlin Sept. 21, to take the command of the Army. It was the laft difpatch from M. Knoblefdorf at Paris, which determined his Pruffian Majefty to take the field. Immediately on receipt of it, Col. Krufemark was difpatched to St. Petersburg. With respect to the demands of Buonaparte, it is faid he required the abfolute ceffion of Weftphalia and the County of Marck; while Pruffia as peremptorily demanded the evacuation of Germany by the French.

A pamphlet has been diftributed to the whole Pruffian army, intituled, “An Invitation to the German Warriors to preferve their antient Glory."

Hoftilities have commenced; and it

would,

able news of Mr. Fox's death has juft been received."

Jerome Buonaparte has not only been created a Prince, but a Rear-Admiral, on account of his merits in his late cruize.

The Abbé Maury, that zealous oppofer of the revolutionary torrent, has accepted the office of Chaplain to Jerome Buonaparte, who is about to be married to the daughter of the. King of Wurtemberg, Princefs Catharine! The Marriage Contract has been figned at Paris, by Marshal Duroc and Count Wonzengerode.

Under the apprehenfion of the French that hoftilities would commence with Pruffia, the Auftrian prifoners received leave to return home. It is evident that this was not a voluntary favour on the part of the Corfican. He thought fafer to give up 30 or 40,000 prifoners, than to have five times the number making demonftrations on his flanks or rear when he was clofely preffing or preffed by Pruffia.

The departure of Lord Lauderdale from Paris was announced in the Paris Papers, without any obfervation whatever. Our experiment againft Boulogne was mentioned in terms of contempt.

Buonaparte fent a Letter to the King of Bavaria, informing him of the hoftile preparations of Pruffia. Pretending not to be able to divine the motives for such strange conduct, he obferved,-"A month has elapfed without our taking notice of it. Our inattention has only ferved to embolden all thofe fire-brands who wish to precipitate the Court of Berlin into a moft inconfiderate conteft. At length, the armaments of Pruffia have led to the cafe. provided for by one of the Articles of the Treaty of the 12th July; and we think it neceffary that all the Sovereigns who compofe the Confederation of the Rhine fhould arm to defend its interefts, to guarantee and maintain the inviolability of its territory. Instead of 200,000 men which France is bound to furnish, the will furnish 300,000; and we have just given orders that the troops neceffary to complete that number fhall be tranfported with fpeed to the Lower Rhine.

The troops

of your Majefty being still on a war footing, we invite your Majefty to iffue orders that they may be put in a ftate to march without delay, with all their field-equipage, in order that they maycontribute to the defence of the common caufe; the fuccefs of which, we dare believe, will correfpond with its juftice, if at length, contrary to our wishes, and even contrary to our hopes, Pruffia fhould compel us repel force by force."

HOLLAND.

to

King Louis has raifed a loan toward the GENT MAG. October, 1806.

·

exigencies of the ftate, of 15 millions of florins.

SWITZERLAND.

On the 2d ult. at five in the evening, the Knippenouhl Rock, which formed the fummit of Mount Rofenberg, was on a fudden detached from its fituation; and at the fame time part of the mountain, of feveral feet thick, on the Weftern fide, and about 280 feet thick on the Eaft fide, gave way, and fell into the valley which feparates the Lake of Zug from that of Lauwertz, and fome houfes in the village. of Stein. One part of the mountain fell into the Lake of Lauwertz, which caused fuch an agitation in the waters of the lake, that they overthrew a number of houfes," chapels, mills,, &c. along the Southern shore. Upwards of 1000 perfons, were the victims of this calamity. A fociety of 13 travellers were on the road from Arth to Schwitz: nine who walked first perifhed, the other four escaped. In this convulfion, enormous pieces of rock were. carried through the air to prodigious' diftances. The Lake of Lauwertz has lo above a quarter of its extent. That rich plain, which was fo beautiful, now prefents a mountain of near 100 feet in height, a league and a half in length, and as much in breadth. The villages of Goldau and Rothen, confifting of 115 houses; that of Bufingen, of 126; and that of Kuzlock, have totally disappeared. Of Lauwertz, which loft 25 houies, there remain 10 buildings, all much damaged. 20 years

A

fince, Gen. Piyffer predicted this cataftrophe, from the knowledge which he had of the nature of the mountain.. Profeffor of Schwitz faid, that above Spietzfleu was a fea of water, which had undermined the rock for several years, and that below, there was a cavern of great depth where the waters were engulphed. The quantity of water which has fallen during the preceding years has haftened this catastrophe, and the rains of fome weeks paft have decided it. On the 10th 800 períons were employed in digging for the bodies of thofe who were deftroyed by the falling of the mountain at Schwitz. In forming a channel to draw off the waters, between 30 and 40 labourers were fwallowed up by a torrent of muddy water, which broke in upon them fuddenly. SPAIN.

Letters from Madrid and Cadiz, of the 30th ult. ftate, that the Spanish Govern ment were much concerned and irritated at the capture of Buenos Ayres; and the Prince of Peace had, according to report, expreffed a determination of immediately attacking Portugal, to indem nify Spain for the lofs of that Colony. ITALY.

Buonaparte has found it neccffary to relax

relax in the prohibitory rigour against British merchandize. The Court of Florence has received permiffion to import all British articles of neceffity.

King Jofeph has began the plunder of the ecclefiaftical property. Estates to the value of ten millions are ordered to be difpofed of, two millions of which are fold; four Dominican Convents have been fuppreffed.

By official accounts received from Malta, it appears, that the lofs occafioned by the explosion of a powder magazine, which happened on the 18th of July, (fee p.860) amounts to—Royal Artillery14, Thirty-ninth Foot 3, Maltefe Troops 23. The number of inhabitants who fuffered by the explosion does not exceed 200. Some houses, and a fmall part of one of the curtains in the town of Vittoriofa, on the Cottoniera fide of the harbour, were thrown down. We are happy to add, that no Officer of the Army or Navy was either killed or wounded.

On the 30th of Auguft, a violent shock of an earthquake was felt at Rome. At Velletri fome houfes and the church of St. Salvador were thrown down. Very large chafms appear in the walls of the palace of Ruffinella, which is uninhabitable. Half of the beautiful palace at Zagarola is a heap of ruins. At Nemi, the cloister of the Minorites is ruined, and the church divided in four parts. The ftone edifices at Marino, and other places, are untenable. The houfe of Lucien Bucnaparte is fo confiderably damaged, that he has been obliged to take refuge at Rome, with the whole of his family. The fhock was most severe at Abruzzo, where feveral perfons were killed and wounded.

A Letter from an Officer with Sir Sidney Smith mentions the reduction of Fort Licofa, on the 13th Auguft; in which affair, Lieut. Sleffor, Mr. Williams, Midshipman, and five feamen were killed, and near forty feamen and marines were wounded

GERMANY.

Much damage has been done in the towns of Offen and Peft, in Hungary, by an earthquake, which occurred on the 22d ult.

The city of Frankfort on the 9th ult. was formally transferred by the French Commiffaries to the Prince Primate.

Auftria has iffued a declaration of her ftrict neutrality. For fuch an annunciation we were not unprepared. The Cabinet of Vienna has been leffoned by miffortune into prudence, and will not avow until it is prepared to execute its defigns.

A Confcription has been ordered in the Duchy of Cleves, to fuinifh the quota which Prince Murat, as a Member of the Confederation of the Rhine, has engaged to fupply.

RUSSIA.

The Emperor Alexander has published a Manifefto relative to his negotiations with the French Government, see p. 963. The Senate returned a moft loyal answer, which concludes with the following fentiment. "What Prince upon earth can expect fuch zeal, fuch exertions from his fubjects, as your Majefty, who has never ceafed, fince you afcended the Throne, to diffuse your benevolence among all defcriptions fubjected to your fceptre; you whofe wifdom continues to open every fource of profperity; and whose measures will enfure the enjoyment of these bleffings to the latest pofterity; together with the fruit of your great negotiations, and the obligation to blefs the beloved name of Alexander."

According to letters from Ruffia, the number of Ruffian troops upon the frontiers of Ruffian Courland and Ruffian Poland, to Oczakow and Cherfon, amounts to 350,000 men. Of thefe, 152,000 are in the neighbourhood of Kamienec, Podolfki only. Very large magazines are in the rear of thefe troops.

AMERICA.

In the New York papers of the 12th ult. it is ftated, on the authority of a Capt. Brown, who had arrived there in 20 days from Curaçca, that after the capture of Coro, Miranda had been defeated by the Spaniards, compelled to re-embark his troops, and on the 19th of August had returned to Aruba.

COUNTRY NEWS.

Sept. 13. A fudden fire broke out in the nick-yard of farmer Allen, a tenant of Mr. Thornton's, in that quarter of the parish of Blunham, in Bedfordshire, called South mill, at the back of the Parfonage houfe; which in a fhort time deftroyed all the flacks of hay and ricks of corn; and the dwelling-house and offices were with difficulty faved. The lofs was nearly covered by the insurance.

Sept. 23. At ten o'clock this night the Admiralty telegraph, lately erected on Haldon, near Exeter, and which communicates with Plymouth, by fome accident caught fire, the whole of which, together with the glaffes, &c. was entirely deftroyed.

Oct. 2. At Brompton in Kent, in confequence of the frames employed in turning the arches of a magazine building there being removed, before the work was fufficiently dry, the building gave way. Ten workmen were buried in the ruins, of whom fix have been dug out lifeless, and it is feared that the others have shared the fame fate. The arches are supposed to have contained 60,000 bricks.

Oct. 4. As fome children were lately playing on a firaw-flack, belonging to