What led to his abjuration of Protestantism? What results followed this apostacy? Describe the Edict of Nantes, its object, and character. What was the state of France during the twelve years that followed this Edict, regarding the country financially and socially? When and how did Henry IV. die? What was the state of public feeling at his decease? CHAP. VI. ENGLISH HISTORY UNDER ELIZABETH. When did Elizabeth of England succeed to the crown? By what means did Elizabeth revenge herself on Mary? In what respects had the Reformation in Scotland differed from that of England? What was the position of Mary at this time in reference to the Pro testant party? Whom did she marry, and what were its results? What circumstances brought her to England, and when did she come? Where was she confined; by whom, and how long? Mention the date and manner of the death of the Regent Murray. When was Mary executed, and under what pretext? How and by whom was Spain governed at this time? What events had recently taken place in the Netherlands, under Spanish influence ? Who had appeared as the great champion of the Protestants ? For what purpose was an alliance formed by Elizabeth with William of Orange ? Mention the great naval commander of the age, and some of his exploits. By whom was war now declared with England? Describe the efforts made to meet the Armada. What circumstances contributed to the popularity of Elizabeth? By what means was the Armada defeated ? Who and what was Lord Burleigh, and when did he die ? Mention the character of the rebellion in Ireland that broke out about this time. Who was sent over to crush it; with what force, and with what results? Describe the treason that subsequently brought him to the block. QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION. How was Elizabeth affected by the death of her favorite? Describe the policy of Lord Burleigh. 467 What was the most unhappy peculiarity of the reign of Elizabeth? What was the condition of England at that time? CHAP. VII. PHILIP II. AND THE AUSTRIAN PRINCES OF SPAIN. Under whose reign did Spain first become a powerful state? What were the chief characteristics of the reign of Philip II.? How did Philip II. acquire Portugal ? Describe the revolt of the Moors, its causes, and date. What was the effect of their expulsion ? From what period does the decline of the Spanish monarchy date? What were the principal causes of that decline? How was it affected by the accession of Philip III. ? What was the character of the reign of Philip IV. ? When and how did Spain fall into the hands of the Bourbons? CHAP. VIII. THE COUNTER REFORMATION AND THE JESUITS. Mention the great feature of the sixteenth century. In what respects did the early differ from the later Jesuits ? Who was the founder of this Order, and when and where was he born? Describe his early career and conversion. Mention the names of his first converts. When and where did they take their monastic vows? How were they received at Rome ? When was the Order instituted, and under what conditions? What circumstances induced the Pope to listen to their prayer? Describe the missionary operations of Xavier. Mention the leading features of the constitution of the Jesuits. What were the chief defects in their system of education? Name the evil element in their missions? What was their character as Casuists ? For what was the Catholic Church remarkable during the latter half of the sixteenth century? Mention the character of some of the Popes of this age. What effect had the nepotism of the Popes on the aristocracy of Italy? CHAP. IX. THE THIRTY YEARS' WAB. Mention the date of the Thirty Years' War. Under whose reign did this contest commence? What was the Evangelical Union, and where was it formed? Name the great opposing league, and state by what powers each was supported. When, and under what circumstances did the revolt in Bohemia break out? What great battle decided the fate of that insurrection? Name the soldier who now defied the power of Austria. By whom was he encouraged and supported ? State who Wallestein was, and what brought him forward. What great poet has immortalized him? Describe his pomp, successes, and disgrace. What great friend to the Protestant cause was now raised up? Describe the character of Gustavus Adolphus. Mention some particulars of the sack of Magdeburg. Give the date and consequences of the battle of Leipsic. Under what conditions was the recall of Wallenstein accomplished ? What effect had this on the war? When and how did Gustavus Adolphus die? What was the conduct of Wallenstein after the battle of Lutzen? When did Wallenstein's death take place? How long after this was the war continued? What motive induced Cardinal Richelieu to aid the Protestants in this war ? When, and under what conditions was the peace of Westphalia con. cluded? What connection has this peace with modern European politics? QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION. 469 CHAP. X. THE REIGN OF LOUIS XIII., AND THE ADMINISTRATION OF CARDINALS RICHELIEU AND MAZARIN. What was the condition of France during the civil commotions in Ger many? Who was the ruling genius of that age? Name the Regent of France during the minority of Louis XIII. What was the policy of Mary de Medici? In what respects was it calamitous? Who were the favorites of her Regency? Mention the circumstances under which Richelieu appeared on the stage. At what date did he become Cardinal and Secretary of State? What were the great objects that animated him? Describe the siege of La Rochelle, and mention the date of its surrender. What was the effect on the Huguenots ? By what means did Richelieu seek to humble Austria ? What was the character of the French nobility at this time? How were they at length humiliated ? Give the date of the death of Mary de Medici, and state what led to her exile. How did Richelieu treat the Parliament of Paris ? Describe the character and functions of this Parliament. What was the Court of Aids, and how was it suppressed? What material benefits were conferred on France by the administration of Richelieu ? Mention his titles and possessions. Describe his death and general character. What events followed the death of Louis XIII.? Who was Cardinal Mazarin ? What were his first measures ? With what rival influence had he to contend? What was the Fronde, and why were the parties who composed it called Frondeurs ? What circumstance tended to impede their success ? Describe the character and proceedings of the Prince of Condé. When did the power of the insurgent nobles decline? Why was the Fronde war a failure ? Describe the last hours and death of Mazarin. ENGLAND DURING THE REIGNS OF JAMES I. AND CHARLES I. What new era in English History commences with the accession of James the First? What great social changes had been taking place during the reign of Elizabeth ? Mention the grand peculiarity of the reign of James I. What effects were produced by the discovery of the Gunpowder Plot ? Mention the principal favorites of this reign. Name some of the chief abuses of the royal authority. When, and under what circumstances was Sir Walter Raleigh executed? What changes had taken place in the composition of Parliament ? Mention the course adopted by Parliament to obtain a redress of grievances. How did the country regard the proposed Spanish match? To whom was Charles ultimately married? When, and from what causes did the death of James occur? In what respects did Charles I. resemble his father? What was the result of continued contentions with the Commons? What considerations sustained the Commons in their resistance to Charles ? When and how did the death of Buckingham occur? Describe the "Petition of Right," and the consequences of the King's assent to it ? Who was the Earl of Strafford, and what was the character of his rule ? Name some of the leading Puritans of the day. What was "Ship Money," and by what means was it attempted to be enforced ? What was Lord Clarendon's opinion of this impost ? Describe the course taken by John Hampden. How long did his trial last, and what was its result? Under what circumstances, and when did the insurrection in Scotland break out? When was the new Parliament called, and how long did it last? How long had the King governed without one? When did the Long Parliament assemble ? How did it act towards Strafford and Laud? When and how did the rebellion in Ireland break out ? Describe the attempt to seize the Five Members of Parliament, and give the date. |