Thy humorous vein, thy pleasing folly,
Lies all neglected, all forgot:

And pensive, wav ring, melancholy,
Thou dread'st and hop'st, thou know'st
not what.

The translation of Pope is as follows:

Ah! fleeting spirit! wand'ring fire,
That long has warm'd my tender breast,
Must thou no more this frame inspire?
No more a pleasing cheerful guest!
Whither, ah, whither art thou flying?
To what dark undiscover'd shore?
Thou seem'st all trembling, shiv'ring,
dying,

And wit and humour are no more! ADRIAN IV. (Pope,) the only English

who ever had that dignity, was born at Langley, near St. Alban's. His name was Nolas Brekespere; and he was some time the monastery of St. Alban's in a low condia. Being refused the habit in that house, be went to France, and became a clerk in the mastery of St. Rufus, in Provence, of which afterwards chosen abbot; but the monks liking his government, complained of him pope Eugenius III. who was so pleased with that he took him under his patronage, ade him cardinal-bishop of Alba in In 1148, that pope sent him legate to Desk and Norway, which nations he con

the Christian faith. In 1154, he chosen pope, and took the name of Adrian; which, Henry II. king of England, sent abot of St. Alban's, with three bishops, gratulate him. The pope, disregarding light formerly put upon him, granted derable privileges to the monastery of St. Alban's, and a bull to Henry for the conquest Ireland. In 1155, he excommunicated Wiliam, king of Sicily, for ravaging the terris of the church: and about the same time, peror Frederic meeting the pope near Yanam, held his stirrup while he mounted on back; after which, his holiness conducted 4 to Rome, and consecrated him king of the Ramans, in St. Peter's church. The next year the king of Sicily submitted, and was absolved. an, by his active conduct, left the papal rritory in a better state than he found it; and d, not without suspicion of poison, Sepber 1, 1159, and was buried in St. Peter's arch, near his predecessor Eugenius (Wata's Dict.).

ADRIANISTS, in ecclesiastical history, a of heretics, divided into two branches. The first were disciples of Simon Magus, and rished about the year 34. The second were the followers of Adrian Hamstead, the pust, and held some particular errours conming Christ. ADRIANOPLE, a large city of Turkey in Europe, in the province of Romania. It is the see of an archbishop. It has been called Arestes, Orestias, and Uscudama: its present ane was given it by the emperor Adrian, who repaired it in the year 122. Lat. 41. 42 N.

Long. 26.31 E.

ADRIATIC SEA, a gulf of the Mediterra

nean Sea, between Greece and Italy; extend-, ing from lat. 40. to 45. 55 N. There are many islands in it, and many bays on each coast. It is often called the Gulf of Venice.

ADRIFT. ad. Floating at random.

ADROGATION, in antiquity, a species of adoption, whereby a person who was capable of choosing for himself, was admitted by another into the relation of a son.

ADROIT. a. (French.) Dexterous; active; skilful (Jervas).

ADROITNESS. s. (from adroit.) Dexterity; readiness; activity.

ADRY'. ad. (from a and dry.) Athirst; thirsty.

"ADSCITITIOUS. a. (ascitus, Lat.) That is taken in to complete something; additional. ADSELLATION. (adsellatio, from adsello, to go to stool.) The act of evacuating the abdominal fæces.

ADSIDELIA, in antiquity, the table at which the flamens sat during the sacrifice. ADSTRICTION. s. (adstrictio, Lat.) The act of binding together.

ADSTRINGENTS. (adstringentia, meaicamenta, from ad, and stringo, to bind.) Astringents. In medicine, those substances which possess a power of condensing the animal fibre. To the taste they impart a sense of dryness, and a remarkable corrugation in the parts on which they immediately act.

AD TERMINUM QUI PRÆTERIIT, in law, a writ of entry which lies for the lessor or his heirs, if after the expiration of a lease, whether it be for years or life, the lessee, or other occupier of the land, &c. refuses to quit the premises.

ADUACA (Antonine); or ATUACA, Contracted from Atuacua (Cæsar); anciently a large and famous city of the Tungri; now a small and inconsiderable village, called Tongeren, in the bishopric of Liege, to the northwest of the city of Liege, in the territory of Haspengow, on the rivulet Jecker, that soon after falls into the Maese. Long. 5. 22. E. Lat. 50. 54.

To ADVANCE. v. a. (avancer, Fr.) 1. To bring forward, in the local sense (Par. L.). 2. To raise to preferment; to aggrandize (Esth.). 3. To improve (Tillotson). 4. To heighten; to grace (South). 5. To forward; to accelerate (Bacon). 6. To propose; to offer to the publick (Dryden).

To ADVANCE. v. n. 1. To come forward (Parnel). 2. To make improvement (Locke). ADVANCE. S. (from the verb.) 1. The act of coming forward (Clarendon). 2. A tendency to come forward to meet a lover; an act of invitation (Walsh). 3. Gradual progression; rise from one point to another (Atterbury). 4. Improvement; progress toward perfection (Hale). 5. Money paid before goods are delivered, or work done.

ADVANCED DITCH, or moat, in fortification, is that drawn round the glacis or esplanade of a place.

ADVANCED-GUARD, OF VANGUARD, in the art of war, denotes the first line or division

time, of place, of order, of quantity, of quality, of manner, of interrogation, of affirmation, of denegation, of diminution, of doubting, of exception, and of comparison. We cannot help sidering it as unfortunate, however, that in al languages a number of words is placed in me class of adverbs, which strike the observer, at arst sight, to be compound words. Thus, notwithstanding, in the English, cependant, in the French, are evidently compounds. While is a substantive, meaning time, as is of the Greeks. Wisely is a compound of two adjectives, and we may say "he speaks wisely," "he speaks like a wise man," indifferently; the use of the adverb, as it is called, giving conciseness only to the expression. This class of words was formed from the ignorance of the parts in every compound; thus if instead of like a wise man, we translate the phrase into Latin, and use the word sapienter, this sapener is immediately classed as an adverb, or something distinct from the adjective or verb; yet the er has probably the same force with the in English. We may modify the quality expressed by a verb or a noun various ways. A high mountain may be called "an exceedhigh mountain;" where exceedingly is qued to high, high like exceeding, namely, mountains we know. "He suffers pate," namely, "like a patient man.' While the country was alarmed, &c." Wale is called an adverb, but it is a substantat, and we frequently say, "all the while," ie "all the time;" while, therefore, means ing the time. Really, is like real men, and ta opposition to pretended. Hence, then, wherever this class is admitted, the student should endeavour to learn the force of the word, not by fanciful modifications of verbs and adjectives in a variety of senses, but by learning the real meaning of the word.

ADVERBIAL. a. (adverbialis, Lat.) That has the quality or structure of an adverb.

ADVERBIALLY. ad. (adverbialiter, Lat.) In the manner of an adverb (Addison). ADVERSABLE. a. (from adverse.) Contrary to; opposite to.

ADVERSARIA, among the ancients, a book of accounts, somewhat like our journals er day books.

ADVERSARIA, is also a title given to divers books, containing collections of miscellaneous remarks, &c.

ADVERSARIA, is likewise used for a commentary on some text or writing.

ADVERSARY. s. (adversaire, Fr. adverserius, Lat.) An opponent; antagonist; enemy (Shakspeare).

ADVERSATIVE. a. (adversativus, Lat.) A word which makes some opposition or variety. Thus in the phrase, he is a clever fellow, but a great rascal, the word but is an adversative conjunction.

Mr. H. Tooke has shown, in his Enta ПTT, that there are two senses to the word but; in the first it is a corruption of bot, the imperative of the Saxon verb botan, to boot, superadd or supply; and in the second, it is a contraction of be-utan, to be

out; in illustration of this theory is given the following couplet:

"But thy work shall endure in laude and glorie,

But spot or faulte condigne eterne memorie." The meaning is "superadd (to something said before) thy work shall endure in laude and glorie; be out or without spot or faulte."

ADVERSATOR, in antiquity, a servant who attended the rich in returning from supper, to give them notice of any obstacles in the way, at which they might be apt to stumble.

A'DVERSE. a. (adversus, Lat.) 1. Acting with contrary directions (Milton). 2. Calamitous; afflictive; pernicious: opposed to prosperous (Roscommon). 3. Personally opponent (Sidney).

A'DVERSELY. ad. (from adverse.) Oppositely; unfortunately (Shakspeare).

ADVERSITY. s. (adversité, Fr.) 1. Affliction; calamity; the cause of sorrow; misfortune (Shakspeare). 2. The state of unhappiness; misery (Shakspeare).

To ADVERT. v. n. (adverto, Lat.) To attend to; to regard; to observe (Ray).

S.

ADVERTENCE, ADVERTENCY. (from advert.) Attention; regard; consideration; heedfulness (Decay of Piety).

To ADVERTISE. v. a. (advertir, Fr.) 1. To inform another; to give intelligence. 2. To give notice of any thing in the publick prints.

ADVERTISEMENT, or ADVERTISEMENT. s. (avertissement, Fr.) 1. Instruction; admonition (Shakspeare). 2. Intelligence; information (Holder). 3. Notice of any thing published in a paper of intelligence. By the statute law the penalty of 501. is inflicted on persons advertising a reward with "no questions to be asked," for the return of things lost or stolen, The same penalty attaches to the printer.

ADVERTISER. s. (avertiseur, Fr.) 1. He that gives intelligence or information. 2. That paper in which advertisements are published.

ADVERTISING. a. (from advertise.) Active in giving intelligence; monitory (Shakspeare).

To ADVESPERATE. v, n, (advespero, Lat.) To draw toward evening.

ADVICE. s. (avis, advis, Fr.) 1. Coun sel; instruction (Prior), 2. Reflection; prudent consideration (Shakspeare). 3. Consultation; deliberation (Bacon), 4. Intelligence. ADVICE-BOAT. s. A vessel employed to bring intelligence.

Letter of Advice, in commerce, implies a letter sent by the drawer of a bill of exchange, or the remitter of goods, &c. to his correspondent, informing him that he has drawn such a bill, or sent such a quantity of merchandize, by such a ship, or other conveyance.

ADVISABLE. a. (from advise.) Prudent; fit to be advised (South).

ADVISABLENESS. s. (from advisable.) The quality of being advisable; fitness; propriety.

To ADVISE. v. a. (aviser, Fr.) 1. Ta

counsel (Shakspeare). 2. To inform; to make acquainted.

To ADVISE. v. n. 1. To consult. 2. To consider; to deliberate (Milton).

ADVISED. particip. a. (from advise.) 1. Acting with deliberation and design; prudent; wise (Bacon). 2. Performed with deliberation; acted with design (Hooker).

ADVISEDLY. ad. (from advised.) Deliberately; purposely; by design; prudently (Suc.).

ADVISEDNESS. (from advised.) Deliberation; cool and prudent procedure (Saunderson).

ADVISEMENT. s. (avisement, Fr.) 1. Counsel; information (Spenser). 2. Prudence; circumspection. ADVISER. s. (from advise.) The person that advises; a counsellor (Waller). ADULATION. s. (adulation, Fr. adulatio, Lat.) Flattery; high compliment (Clarendon).

ADULATOR. s. (adulator, Lat.) A flat

terer.

A'DULATORY. a. (adulatorius, Lat.) Flattering; full of compliments.

ADULT. a. (adultus, Lat.) Grown up; past the age of infancy (Blackmore).

ADULT. S. A person above the age of infancy, or grown to some degree of strength (Sharp).

To ADULTER. v. a. (adulterer, Fr.) To commit adultery with another (Jonson).

ADULTERANT. s. (adulterans, Lat.) The person or thing which adulterates.

To ADULTERATE. v. a. (adulterer, Fr.) 1. To commit adultery (Shakspeare). 2. To corrupt by some foreign admixture (Boyle).

ADULTERATION OF COIN, is effected divers ways; as, by making use of a wrong or baser nietal, or an undue alloy, &c. To adul terate or debase the current coin, is a capital crime in all civilised nations.

ADULTERATION. (adulteratio.) In phar macy, the substitution of base or counterfeit medicines for such as are genuine.

ADULTERER. s. (adulter, Lat.) The person guilty of adultery (Dryden). ADULTERESS. s. (from adulterer.) A woman that commits adultery.

ADULTERINE. s. (adulterine, Fr.) A child born of an adulteress.

ADULTEROUS. a. (adulterinus, Lat.) Guilty of adultery (Taylor).

ADULTERY.'s (adulterium, Lat.) The act of violating the bed of a married person (Dryden). In many countries this crime has been capital; in others venial, and attended only with slight pecuniary mulcts. Some of the penalties are serious, and even cruel; others of a humorous kind. Even contrary things have been enacted as punishments for adultery. By some laws, the criminals are forbid marrying together, in case they became single; by others, they are forbid to marry any besides each other; by some, they are incapacitated from ever committing the same crime again; by others, they are glutted till it becomes nauseous to themselves, as in the reign of Theodosius. Among the rich Greeks, adulterers were allowed to redeem themselves by a pecu niary fine; the woman's father, in such cases, returned the dower he had received from her husband, which some think was refunded by the adulterer. Another punishment among those people was, putting out the eyes of adulterers. The Athenians had an extraordinary way of punishing adulterers, called agai

ADULTERATENESS. s. (from adulterate.) The quality or state of being adulterate. ADULTERATION. (from adulterare, to corrupt.) Is the corruption, or debasement, by an improper mixture, of any substance that was originally in a pure state. This art, though not unknown to the ancients, has in modern times been carried to a great extent; insomuch that the rules and principles upon which so pernicious a practice is founded, are often considered as qualifications essential to those persons who supply others with the necessaries, as well as the luxuries, of life. We are, indeed, provided with excellent laws against adultera tions; but opportunities are too frequently taken either of eluding the vigilance and severity of justice, or of concealing the nefarious practice in so skilf l a manner, as to render detection extremely difficult, and sometimes impossible. We shall present to our readers the best methods known of detecting adulteration,

under those articles which relate to the various

sub-tances liable to it; as ACIDS, BEER, BREAD, COFFEE, HONEY, OIL, SPIRITS, TEA, TOBACCO, VINEGAR, WAX, WINE, Sc. See also ESSAY, PROOF, &c.

poorer sort who were not able to pay the fines. This was an awkward sort of empalement, performed by thrusting one of the largest ra dishes up the anus of the adulterer, or, in defect thereof, a fish with a large head, called mugil, mullet. Alcæus is said to have died this way, though it was doubted whether the punishment was reputed mortal. Juvenal and Catullus speak of this custom, as received also among the Romans, though not authorized by an express law, as it was among the Greeks. Among the Romans, we are told, that the wife's father was allowed to kill both parties, committing adultery, when caught in the fact, provided he did it immediately, killing both together, and as it were with one blow. The same power ordinarily was not indulged to the husband, except the crime were committed with some mean or infamous person; though, in other cases, if his rage carried him to put them to death, he was not punished as a murderer. On many occasions, however, revenge was not carried so far; but mutilating, cas trating, cutting off the ears, noses, &c. served the turn. The punishment allotted by the lex Julia was not, as many have imagined, death, but rather banishment, or deportation, being