hollow, persistent, round, twisted spirally, or annulate; fore-teeth lower eight, tuskless. Twenty-eight species; inhabitants of all the continents but America, in which none have hitherto been discovered. They are chiefly found in hilly countries, climb up rocks, browze and feed on tender shoots; are very gregarious, active, timid, and swift; have gallbladders and lachrymal pits under the eyes, a fold of skin divided into cells in the groins, brushes of hair on the knees, and beautiful black eyes; the flesh is in general good, but some have a rank or musky smell. See Nat. Hist. pl. XX. XXI. Those most worthy of

notice are,

1. A. rupicapra. Chamois. Horns erect, round, smooth, hips hooked back. Inhabits the Alps in troops; feeds on shrubs, herbs, and roots: size that of a goat; flesh good.

2. A. saiga. Scythian antelope. Horus distant, lyre-shaped, almost diaphanous; nose cartilaginous, arched. Inhabits Russia and Poland as far as the Altain Alps, in open deserts abounding in salt springs; timid, swift, gregarious in autumn, and migrates into southern deserts; bleats like a sheep; quick of smell; when feeding or sleeping is always guarded by a centinel: walks backward while grazing; runs with the head very erect. Female hornless, brings usually one young; of a balsamic odour, flesh hardly eatable.

3. A. gnu, or Gnou. Horns bent forwards at the base, backwards in the middle; neck maned; tail dirty white. Inhabits the plains of Africa behind the Cape of Good Hope; feeds in large troops; fierce; fights with its horns; resembling in its head an ox; body and tail, a horse; thighs, a stag; fur and lachrymal duct, the antelope; flesh good; three feet and a half high; six and a half long.

4. A. gazella. Gazelle. Horns tapering, a little bent inwards, wrinkled. Inhabits India, Persia, Egypt, Ethiopia, in herds; runs swiftly up hills; casily tamed. In a variety named abomasus is found a greenish-blue bezoard, (esteemed the real), and when recent very aromatic; body red above, white beneath. 5. A. oreas. Indian antelope. Horns tapering, straight, spirally carinate, body grey. Inhabits India, Congo, and the Cape: gregarious; grows very fat; flesh good; horns are made into tobacco pipes by the natives: from five to eight feet high; horns two feet; dark brown.

6. A. sylvatica. Wood antelope. Horns a little spirally twisted, carinate, sharp, smooth at the tips; body above brown, behind spotted with white, beneath chiefly white. Inhabits woods near the Cape of Good Hope: lives in pairs; three feet high; body marked in various places with white spots, reddish brown; horns black, from ten to thirteen inches long, females hornless, neck and back a little maned: flesh good.

7. A. cervicapra. Common antelope. Horns spiral, round, annulate; body brown, beclouded with reddish and dusky.Inhabits Africa and India: less than the deer.

8. A. leucophæra. Blue antelope. Horny recurvate, roundish, annulate; body blueish. Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope; larger thau the deer; body beneath white; under the eye and on the foot a white blotch; tail seven inches, white, a little tufted at the tip; horns twenty inches long, rings twenty, tip smooth, hair long.

ANTELUCAN, in ecclesiastical writers, is applied to things done in the night, or before day.

ANTELUDIA, in antiquity, a day of parade preceding the circenses.

ELLEW,

to

ANTEMERIDIAN. a. Before noon. ANTEMETICS. (from ave and vomit.) Medicines which relieve vomiting. ANTEMURALE. (from ante, and murus, wall.) In middle-age writers, denotes a kind of outer wall environing the other walls and works of a place, and preventing the too near access of the enemy to them.

ANTENATI, in modern English history, is chiefly understood of the subjects of Scotland, born before king James the First's accession to the English crown, and alive after it. In relation to these, those who were born after the accession were denominated postnati. The antenati were considered as aliens in England, whereas the postnati claimed the privilege of natural subjects.

ANTENCLEMA, avlevxλnja, in oratory, is where the whole defence of the person accused turns on criminating the accuser. Such is the defence of Orestes, or the oration for Milo. Occisus est sed latro. Exsectus sed raptor.

ANTENICENE, in ecclesiastical writers, denotes a thing or person prior to the first council of Nice.

ANTENNE, ANTENNAS, the horn-like processes projecting from the head of insects.

ANTENOR, a Trojan prince related to Priam. It is said, that during the Trojan war, he always kept a secret correspondence with the Greeks. In the council of Priam, Homer introduces him as advising the Trojans to restore Helen, and conclude the war. He advised Ulysses to carry away the Trojan palladium, and encouraged the Greeks to make the wooden horse, which, at his persuasion, was brought into the city of Troy by a breach made in the walls. Eneas has been accused of being a partner of his guilt. After the destruction of his country, Antenor migrated to Italy near the Adriatic, where he built Padua.

ANTENUPTIAL, something that precedes

marriage.

ANTEPAGMENTA, in ancient architecture, is used for the jambs of a door, lintels of a window, or carved ornaments of men, animals, &c. set upon the architraves.

ANTEPENULTIMA, or ANTEPENULTIMATE, in grammar, the third syllable of a word, reckoning from the latter end; or the last syllable except two. The word is compounded of the preposition ante, before, and penultimate, last but one, or pene ulti