Old Fort at Mouth of Santos River, Brazil Island of Juan Fernandez Valdivia, Chile (1836) 190 An Early View of Valparaiso, Chile Plaza de la Independencia, Santiago, Chile (early XIXth Araucanian Witch Doctors at Work An Early Raid by Araucanian Indians, Chile. A British South American on His Rancho British South Americans Crossing the Andes South American Indian Encampment Rio de Janeiro (1809) Landing Stage, Rio de Janeiro (early XIXth century) South American Indians South American Cattle South American Oxen Early View of Valparaiso, Chile Plaza San Martin, Mendoza, Argentina Cattle Market at Montevideo Plaza Constitucion Station, Buenos Aires. Avenue de Mayo, Buenos Aires . South American Indians Old Print of the Llama and Indians . 516 A Modern British South American Ship Early Type of Royal Mail Steam Packet Company Ship . . 516 The publishers acknowledge with thanks the courtesy of The Royal Mail Steam Packet Company in supplying several of the above illustrations. BRITISH EXPLOITS IN CHAPTER I THE ROMANTIC PERIOD IN SOUTH AMERICA The charm of the Americas-Iberian navigators-Prince Henry of Portugal and his seamen-Some famous captains-Columbus-Manner in which the English were attracted to the new lands-The English crusaders as comrades of the Portuguese-Ramifications of friendship which succeeded the first alliance-The interchange of Portuguese wines and English cloth-The alliance consolidated in battle against the Spaniards-The treaty of Windsor-The marriage of John of Portugal to Philippa of England-Prince Henry, the navigator of English blood on his mother's side-Some ethics of the slave tradeEffect of the discoveries of the new lands upon the English in Portugal-The return of the galleons-Awakening of the navigating spirit in the West of England-The story of Robert Machin-Romance which is alleged to have led to the discovery of Madeira by the English— Death of Machin and Anna d'Arset-Links connecting the tale with the accepted discovery of the island by João Gonçalves Zarco-Sebastian Cabot-His South American discoveries made in the Spanish service Condition of South America when William Hawkins, father of Sir John, set sail for that continent in 1530-Achievements already effected by the navigators and conquistadores-Iberian colonization— Extent of the continent occupied-Questions of Indian and Negro labor-Doctrine of Las Casas-The early English navigators unwittingly act as the avenging spirits of the slaughtered Indians-Mistaken policy of the Spanish Empire. T HE rich flavor of such names as the Spanish Main and the South Seas has retained its charm almost unimpaired from the dawn of the New World to the present day. For four centuries the promise of the new and rich lands has drawn adventurers from the North to compete with each other and with the descend |