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SHALLOW WELLS.-Shallow wells in Anne Arundel County include not only those wells drawing from Pleistocene deposits but also many wells which have penetrated some older formation close to or even forming the surface.

In the southern portion of the county where the surficial deposits cover the most of the region the wells range from 15 to 35 feet in depth, reaching a somewhat irony water at the base of the Pleistocene gravels. This water of course being strictly dependent upon the downward percolation of rainfall in the immediate vicinity may show some effects of dry spells, but extended droughts are very rare.

In the northern and western portion of the county the wells must be sunk somewhat deeper, and since most of these wells report appreciable heads they will be discussed along with the artesian wells. One well at Earleigh Heights 40 feet deep has a hard water from the Magothy which stands 5 feet in the well.

PRINCE GEORGE'S COUNTY

Prince George's County lies almost wholly within the Coastal Plain province, the underlying crystalline rocks, which represent the seaward extension of the Piedmont Plateau, rise from the mantle of Coastal Plain deposits in limited areas in the extreme northwestern part of the county near the Montgomery County and District of Columbia line.

The elevations range from the level of tide in the estuaries to over 400 feet near the northwestern boundary of the county southwest of Laurel. From the fall line, which is close to the line of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, the stream divides slope gently to the southeast at an average elevation of about 140 feet. This originally gently sloping country of unconsolidated sands and loams has been deeply dissected by the streams tributary to the Potomac and Patuxent rivers and is now much broken by a complex network of hills and valleys.

[blocks in formation]

There are a few exposures of the crystalline rocks of the Piedmont in the deeper valleys along the northern border of the county. These are dipping steeply to the southeast, and throughout the balance of the county are deeply buried by the unconsolidated sediments of the Coastal Plain. The latter outcrop at the surface in bands crossing the county from northeast to southwest, each formation disappearing by passing under the next youngest one toward the southeast. The Lower Cretaceous gravels, sands, and clays constituting the Patuxent, Arundel, and Patapsco formations, outcrop in the northwestern portion of the county. The Upper Cretaceous, made up of sands, clays, greensands, and shell marls, and comprising the Raritan, Magothy, Matawan, and Monmouth formations, outcrops from the valley of the Patuxent River between Governor Bridge and Hicks Mill to the Potomac at Fort Washington. The Aquia and Nanjemoy formations of the Eocene comprise more or less glauconitic clays and shell marls and outcrop in a broad belt 10 miles or more in width extending from the mouth of the Magothy River to the Western Branch of the Patuxent River. The sands, clays, diatomaceous earth, and marls of the Calvert and Choptank formations of the Miocene occupy a wide area southeast of the Eocene. They are largely buried, however, by a thin layer of terrace deposits belonging to younger formations, and exposures are generally limited to stream valleys. The Plio

cene (?) is represented by the gravels, loams, and sands of the Brandywine terrace which forms the surface cover over the stream divides, especially in the southern portion of the county. The three Pleistocene terraces, Sunderland, Wicomico, and Talbot, form mantles of loam, sand, and clay, becoming lower in elevation and less dissected by erosion as they become younger the oldest and highest plain, known as the Sunderland, being much dissected and forming the surface of the secondary stream divides below the Brandywine surface. Its elevation ranges from 200 feet in the northern and central portions of the county to 180 feet in the southern portion. The next younger or Wicomico, which lies at elevations of from 90 to 100 feet, is found in all the stream valleys and is especially well developed in the Potomac Basin. The youngest or Talbot terrace forms a but slightly broken plain lying below 45 feet in elevation. It is found in all the stream valleys and is especially well developed in the valleys of the Anacostia and Patuxent rivers.

SURFACE WATERS

Situated between the Patuxent and Potomac, both tidal rivers, the county is drained by small tributaries of these two streams. With the exception of the power developed in the Patuxent at Laurel there is no water power of any considerable value in the county, although small powers on tributary streams are utilized at several localities for grist mills. With the exception of Takoma Park in the District of Columbia, which utilizes the waters of Sligo Creek for the municipal water supply, the surface waters are not used for domestic purposes nor is such use to be recommended in areas as thickly settled as Prince George's County.

UNDERGROUND WATERS
Artesian Waters

Artesian supplies have been obtained in Prince George's County only from strata of Cretaceous age, and all of the wells except those at one locality, Upper Marlboro, where the Magothy vein is in use, draw from beds of the Lower Cretaceous. Of the other water horizons, the MatawanMonmouth, which in Calvert and St. Mary's counties assumes great impor

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