and treasurer of the Educator-Journal Co., was elected secretary of the Educational Press Association, and Mr. J. W. Walker, the business manager, was appointed chairman of the committee on nomination of officers. The managers of the Chicago office of the Fisk Teachers' Agencies found it necessary to move to larger quarters in the Fine Arts building, 203 Michigan avenue, because of their increased volume of business the past year. They now share the commodious and handsomely equipped offices of Maynard, Merrill & Co. Every superintendent in the country would do well to read Mrs. Florence Milner's interesting pedagogical story in the March number of Education (Boston), and make it the basis of a discussion in his teachers' meeting. It aptly suggests the right solution of a large number of the teachers' difficulties in connection with school discipline. The School Garden Association, Station A, Boston, Mass., last year enlisted over 10,000 workers in the school garden movement, and supplied seeds, instructions for planting and literature to schools, clubs, superintendents, principals, teachers, pupils and individuals in many parts of the country. The results of the work were so encouraging, and the good so manifest, that preparations have been made on a larger scale for 1906, providing a larger number of varieties of flowers and vegetables, and aiming to reach and assist all willing to join in the movement. A membership fee of six cents secures enrollment, a booklet of directions for planting, a sample collection of five varieties of seeds, and a list of the collections of flower and vegetable seeds that can be ordered for school and home garden use. Any one can apply. Simply write to F. W. Shattuck, secretary of The School Garden Association, Station A, Boston, Mass., enclosing six cents and giving your name and address plainly. During the recent meeting of the National Association of Superintendents at Louisville, an invitation was extended to the 3-E. J. members to visit and inspect the new high school at New Albany. About two hundred attended. Many expressions of approval were heard from the visitors. Perhaps the greatest amount of attention and approval was bestowed upon the physical laboratory, a large, well lighted, well ventilated room, equipped with eight complete Crowell Cabinets of physical apparatus. It was thought by many to be the most complete and ideal laboratory they had ever seen. NOTES ON THE CONVENTION OF THE DEPART- The only section of the seventeen branches of the National Association which does not meet jointly with the general body is the Department of Superintendence. Prof. J. H. Fuqua, State superintendent of schools, in the absence of Governor Beckham, spoke a welcome for Kentucky and Mayor P. C. Barth for the city. The address of welcome for the Louisville schools was delivered by Bishop C. E. Woodcock, of the Episcopal diocese of Kentucky. The response was made by Prof. J. W. Carr, superintendent of the Dayton, Ohio, schools and president of the association. Superintendent Fuqua said that he came in the name of three great divisions of the State, "The Pennyrile," the "Bluegrass" and the "Mountains" that were inhabited by 750,000 school children who would feel the benefits to be derived from the convention. He paid a high tribute to the teachers' work and declared it was the most unselfish that might be chosen. Mayor Barth said that the citizens of Louisville were unusually proud of entertaining such a distinguished body as that composed of national superintendents. Bishop Woodcock said that there was nothing too good for the educator, and that Kentucky boasted other products besides fast horses and good whisky. "We ask nothing of the convention," he said, "besides the gift you give us while here and the influence of your labors that you will leave behind." President Carr, after paying many noble tributes to the great state of Kentucky, said: "We believe in the best things in school administration-good buildings, good courses of study, good school boards, good supervision and the freedom of the schools from political and factional domination. We also believe in good teachers and good pay for good teachers, but no pay at all for the poor ones. Our faces are turned toward the future, not the past. We believe that the public schools of the present are the best in the world's history, but by the aid of the people and the help of the Almighty God we hope to make them better, yes, much better, in the future." . One of the principal addresses of the meeting was delivered by T. A. Mott, superintendent of the Richmond, Ind., schools. He discussed the subject "Opportunities for Moral and Religious Education in the Schools." He said in part: "Government and discipline of the schools afford the best opportunity for character building. In fact, the fundamental function of school government is the training of pupils in habits of self-control and self-direction. The playground and the gymnasium should be made strong moral influences in every system of schools. This can easily be done if proper games are provided for the children and their play is supervised in such a manner as to develop a spirit of fairness and generosity, and habits of co-operation and mutual trust between pupils. Many of our best systems of schools are spending large sums of money on this line of work, with the one aim-moral uplift of the children. "With the coming of manual training courses into the curriculum of the schools we have greatly added to the efficiency of school work along lines of moral education. After all has been said, the most potent and far-reaching of all moral and religious forces that work in the school is the life of the teacher. If our schools are taught by 'men and women of sound ethical and spiritual lives, devoted, in a conscientious way. to the work of developing in the children the highest elements of worthy manhood and noble, womanly character, we will have met the most important condition for moral and religious training in the schools. If the teachers are right there will be no doubt as to the influence of common schools of Amer ica on the religious and moral life of the people." The members of the association were pleased with the address made by Mrs. Sarah E. Hyre, a member of the board of education of Cleveland, Ohio. Her subject was "Woman's Part in Public School Education." She said: "It is equally important that women should be represented in the administrative department of schools as in teaching. I don't say that all women are fitted for membership on school boards. Neither are all men. Put those on boards who are fitted for it. Married women on boards bring experience in handling children as well as theory." The speaker talked at length on the supreme interest that women take in school work. She called attention to the fact of how women in different cities are now forging to the front in the administrative work of schools. She declared that the various departments created in schools of late years, such as manual training and domestic science, were the result of women's suggestions. She closed by saying that woman's part in departments of education was no longer a questionable issue. "What Kind of Education is Best Suited to Boys" was the subject of an address by Prof. Reuben P. Halleck, principal of the Boys' High School of Louisville, Kentucky. At the outset Prof. Halleck declared he would not discuss the differences as to the qualifications of men and women for any kind of school work. He said it takes the instruction and influence of both men and women to make good men of the boys. The speaker deplored the fact that the low wages excluded to a great extent the employment of first-rate men as teachers. Said he: "The boy needs one-half attention from women. I see often the sad plight of a boy losing his mother. Often he goes to pieces. The same is often true on the other hand when the father dies. "The development of self-reliance in boys," said the speaker, "is essential above all other things. I think outdoor exercise will do much to develop this important char acteristic. That is why we see it so prominently in the country-reared boy. Boys will only show that moral development necessary when taught by the best trained teachers possible." Miss Anna T. Hamilton, principal of Semple Collegiate School, Louisville, read a paper on "What Kind of Education is Best Suited to Girls." "The answer to this question," said Miss Hamilton, "will not be the same for two generations; each generation demands a different answer." The speaker took up the education of the female sex from the dawn of history down to the present time, showing how superior has become the education of woman under advancing civilization. "Education in woman," said the speaker, "has made her realize that she is more than a woman. It has demonstrated to her that she is an important factor in this progressive world. Like America, the girl has passed through wonderful stages of progress. This is the splendid age of dominant womanhood. Woman has become independent and has demanded a recognition from man that will make this age better and higher from a moral viewpoint." The speaker told at length of the part now played in all departments of life by woman. She said woman has demonstrated her ability to take as high a standard of education as man. An interesting paper was read by William T. Harris, United States Commissioner of Education, of Washington, on "What Kind of Language Study Aids in the Mastery of Natural Science." He dealt mainly with statistics as to endowments for educational purposes in the Agricultural Department. He declared though that the Latin and Greek languages are not dead when it comes to the make-up of our own language. He said the ordinary colloquial language was simply a beginning in language. He discussed at length technical words found in sciences and said they become simple to those who receive what is termed a higher education. He said the Greek and Latin languages were preserved for the benefits of science and make technical language as easy to understand as the ordinary colloquial language. He said in an English dic tionary of 100,000 words 75,000 of the words would be of either Latin or Greek derivatives. In technical words is stored all the beauty, culture and science of the English language. Oscar T. Corson, of Columbus, Ohio, former State school superintendent of Ohio, and editor of the Ohio Educational Monthly, talked on the subject "The Superintendent's Authority and the Teacher's Freedom." The speaker first stated that in some places in the educational work there should be authority, and he thought that authority should be invested in the superintendent. He also said that he thought that authority should come from the board of education. This authority, he said, should in no way interfere with the freedom of any teacher. Said he: "In the nature of school there is certainly a definite place for authority. There is no absolute freedom anywhere. The man who obeys the law has the least to say about it. That teacher who is eternally prating about freedom absolutely should have no rights at all in the school room. I believe in organization in the school. "Too many boys and girls under one teacher is a dangerous organization, but we must not go to the extreme, because the smallest schools are always the poorest. You know we are talking of centralization of rural schools in order to make them better and the work more effective." Prof. Simon Newcomb, of Washington, D. C., one of the most noted astronomers in the United States, delivered an address on "The Teaching of Arithmetic in the American Schools." He said: "In teaching any branch of study there must be a clear conception of what we want to do. The main object in teaching mathematics is to store a clear conception of the relation of things, that is numbers. I want some drill in the association of numbers in the child's mind. I don't care particularly how this shall be done." the different divisions of the ordinary arithmetic, giving his methods of teaching. Practice and study he declared will overcome all the difficulties met with in arithmetic. Fassett A. Cotton, State Superintendent of Public Instruction, spoke on "Teachers' Salaries and How Affected by the Operations of the Minimum Salary Law." Mr. Cotton then showed that men and women in rural schools received an increase of 18 and 16 cents a day, respectively; in towns, a decrease of 1 and 6 cents, respectively, and in cities an increase of 22 and 24 cents a day, respectively. The general average annual pay for all high school teachers for the year ending July 31, 1904, was $684.81; for the next year $708.91, an increase of $24.10. The average annual salary of all teachers for the year ending July 31, 1904, was $440.20, and the next year $472.27, making the increase $32.07. Mr. Cotton said: "The United States Bureau of Labor gives the average expenditures per family in the north central States as $785.95 for all purposes, and as $321.60 for food alone. From this it will be seen that teachers are not making average living wages. "In Indiana," said the speaker, "we have 16,495 teachers, whereas on the basis of forty pupils to the teacher we need only 13,750 teachers. Three thousand extra teachers at an average annual salary of $472 draw $1,416,000. This added to the salary of the 13,750 necessary would raise the annual salary from $472 to $575, or an increase of $103 to the teacher." C. N. Kendall, superintendent of the Indianapolis schools, discussed the subject, "Means of Improving the Grammar Schools." Mr. Kendall said in part: "Pupils of the grammar schools, near the beginning of the adolescent period, are at an age when they require teachers of strong personality. It is often inadvisable to place such pupils under the charge of a young woman just out of the normal school and with no experience in teaching. "A grammar school is not a good school in proportion to the number of facts it gives to its pupils. It certainly is not a good school unless it gives pupils the power to get at facts intelligently and in a self-reliant way. The informational ideal is giving way to the ideal of power-power to use books after the teacher has disappeared. Under the stress of new subjects in the school there must be: "1. Elimination-Much talked about but not always practiced. "2. Increasing attention to teaching pupils how to study. "3. Increasing ability to use books. "1. More efficiency and power on the part of teachers." Chicago was selected as the next meeting place and W. W. Stetson, State superintendent of schools, Augusta, Me., was made president. A reception was given by the New Albany schools, under the direction of their efficient superintendent, C. A. Prosser, in honor of Pres. J. W. Carr, and all Indiana educators in attendance at the National Superintendents' Association. The reception was informal and was held at the New Albany high school on the afternoon of February 28th. HIGH SCHOOL FIELD MEET. The annual field day of the Indiana High School Athletic Association will be held at Wabash College, in Crawfordsville, on the 19th of May. For the occasion rates have been secured on all railroads of one fare plus twenty-five cents for the round trip. The Wabash College people with the cooperation of the Crawfordsville high school, are planning royal entertainment for the visitors. The college track team will remain at home and take care of their guests, and in order to do so will have to miss the annual collegiate meet. The high school meet will be held on Ingalls Field, the college athletic grounds. The field will be in splendid condition. A dead level cinder track has been constructed. New appliances have been purchased for every event. the forenoon the Little Giants will play one of their regularly scheduled intercollegiate baseball games. All visitors are admitted · to this game as guests of the college. The gymnasium, on the field, is completely equipped, baths and dressing rooms are commodious, and nothing will be spared to make this a red-letter day in Indiana high school athletics. In There A business meeting will be held on the evening of the 18th at which the various committee reports will be received. will also be held at this meeting a conference of high school and college authorities for discussion of several matters of mutual interest. $2.50 rate, two in a room, $3.00 one in a room. All teachers of history and related subjects are cordially invited to participate in the pleasure and profit of all the sessions. NINTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE HISTORY SECTION OF THE INDIANA STATE TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION. Claypool Hotel, Indianapolis, Friday and Saturday, April 27 and 28, 1906. Friday, 2:00 p. m. Report of Committee on Local History— C. W. Hodgin, chairman. Discussion opened by Prof. W. S. Davis, Richmond high school. (Prof. Davis is chairman of the History Committee of the Richmond Centennial Association, and will show what may be done, by what Richmond is preparing for her centennial next September.) Report of Committee on History in the Grades-Prof. E. W. Kemp, chairman. General discussion. Appointment of committees. 6:00 p. m. Dine together at the Claypool. 8:00 p. m. Joint session of the History Section and the Indiana Historical Society. Paper-"Making a Capital in the Wilderness," by Judge Daniel Waite Howe, president of the Historical Society. Talk-"Work of the Historical Society," by Hon. J. P. Dunn, its secretary. Talk "Aims of the History Section, and Possible Ways of Co-operation Between the Two Societies," by Dr. James A. Woodburn. General discussion. Saturday, 9:00 a. m. Address "An Experiment with History in the Grades," by Prof. Henry Johnson, of the Eastern Illinois State Normal School. General discussion. Address "Evolution of the Present Wave of Reform," by Hon. L. B. Swift. Election of officers. Miscellaneous business. Headquarters at the Claypool, which furnishes free assembly room, and offers a FORECAST OF THE WINONA SEASON. A forecast of the affairs at Winona Lake during the coming season shows that Christian workers who go to this Northern Indiana resort have a busy summer ahead of them. While the general program has not been completed, it is known that the Theodore Thomas orchestra, of Chicago, will give twelve concerts during the week of July 30, the Kilties band will spend the week of August 13 at the lake, the Winona band and symphony orchestra will give its programs during the season, and many singers will be heard, making music one of the popular features. The season of Winona Assembly opens on July 1. The summer schools, with twenty-five departments and with more than fifty instructors, begin on July 9. Many new departments have been organized in these schools, and the old ones have been expanded. One of the new departments is swimming and fencing for women, another is domestic science, and some of the others appeal to school teachers and students generally. Among the speakers who will be heard during July and August are some of the noted reformers of the country, including Governor Hanly, of Indiana; Governor Folk. of Missouri, and Senator La Follette, of Wisconsin. Some of the lecturers will be Dr. F. W. Gunsaulus, of Chicago; Dr. Robert A. MacArthur, of New York; Dr. Robert W. Rogers, of Drew Theological Seminary, and Dr. W. J. Dawson, the famous British preacher and author. Among the special training schools will be one for Bible teachers, which will be directed by Dr. W. W. White, of New York; a school of mission study, in the charge of seven women's boards of missions; and the international district training school for Sunday-school workers. The Indiana AntiSaloon League will open a new school for temperance workers, which will teach the students how systematically to organize for campaigns against the liquor traffic, the |