Final conquest of Scotland and Ireland, 116. Cruelties of the Irish settlement,
117. The subjugation of Scotland, 120. Transactions with Portugal and Spain, 122.
Relations with Holland; the Navigation Act, 123. Naval battle of Blake and Tromp,
125. Cromwell's growing ambition, 128. Cromwell dissolves the Long Parliament,
April 20th, 1653, 130. Review of the Long Parliament, 132. The new council of
state appointed, 135. Cromwell calls a new parliament, 136. Guizot's account of the
"Little" or 66 Barebones" Parliament, 137. The Instrument of Government makes
Cromwell protector, 142. Hallam on Cromwell's usurpation, 143.
Scotland subdued and incorporated, 146. Final battles of the Dutch War, 147.
Relations with France and Spain, 150. The first Protectorate Parliament, 151. Crom-
well overawes the parliament, 153. Cromwell dissolves the parliament, 157. Royalist
conspiracies and Cromwell's despotism, 158. Foreign affairs and naval expeditions,
160. The second Protectorate Parliament, 162. Cromwell would be king, 165. Crom-
well refuses the title and is inaugurated protector, 167. Victory and death of Blake,
169. Cromwell calls and dissolves his fourth parliament, 171. The battle of the
Dunes capture of Dunkirk, 173. Cromwell's many distresses and death (Septem-
ber 3rd, 1658), 174. Various estimates of Cromwell; his dissimulation: Lingard,
178. The opinion of a contemporary royalist, Lord Clarendon, 180. A German es-
timate of Cromwell's influence on Europe (Von Ranke), 181. Cromwell as the
typical Englishman (S. R. Gurdiner), 182. A modern depreciation (John Morley),
182. Lord Macaulay's comparison of Cromwell with Cæsar and Napoleon, 183.
Carlyle's eulogium, 187.
Richard Cromwell and his unruly parliament, 195. The discontent in the army,
197. The recall of the Long Parliament: the Rump (May 7th, 1659), 199. The re-
tirement of the Cromwells, 200. The commonwealth restored, 201. Booth's rising
and the Wallingford House petitions, 202. General Monk takes the reins, 203. End
of the Rump Parliament, March 16th, 1660, 208. Lambert's insurrection and the Free
Parliament, 209. Charles' Declaration from Breda, and the amnesty, 211. Com-
merce and literature of the republican period, 215. Prose writers, 217. The poets,
218. William Harvey, 219. Guizot on the Restoration, 220.
Macaulay's picture of the times and of the new king. 222. Abolition of tenures
by knight service and disbanding of the army, 223. Disputes between the round-
heads and cavaliers renewed, 224. Religious dissension, 225. Unpopularity of the
Puritans, 227. Character of Charles II, 230. Characters of the duke of York and
earl of Clarendon, 233. The Convention Parliament, 234. The Bill of Indemnity;
the regicides, 235. Revenge on the corpses of Cromwell and Blake, 237. The restora-
tion of Episcopacy, 238. The parliament of 1661 and the Act of Uniformity, 238.
The execution of Sir Harry Vane, 240. The affairs of Scotland and Ireland, 241.
The profligacy of Charles: his marriage, 242. The sale of Dunkirk to the French,
244. Religious persecutions: the Conventicle Act and repeal of the Triennial Act,
244. War with the Dutch, 245. The plague, 248. The, great London fire of 1666,
253. Wren's plan for rebuilding the city, 256. The fall of Clarendon, 262. Buck-
ingham and the cabal ministry, 264. The triple alliance, 266. Macaulay's contrast
of England and France at that period, 266.
The king and the duke of York become Catholics, 270. The secret Treaty of
Dover and the French alliance, 272. The accession of Nell Gwyn; Coventry Act,
273. The stop of the exchequer; the Declaration of Indulgence; the Dutch War, 275.
Parliament bests the king; the Test Act, 277. The fall of the cabal (1674 A.D.); new
opposition to the king, 279. The country party: the Non-Resistance Bill fails, 281.
Charles II accepts a pension from Louis XIV, 282. William III of Orange visits
England and marries the princess Mary, 284. Intrigues of the French and venality
of the English, 285. Titus Oates and the alleged "Popish Plot," 287. Sir William
Temple's plan of government, 291. The character of Halifax, 293. The Habeas
Corpus Act, 294. The Exclusion Bill and the duke of Monmouth, 294. Violence of
factions; whig and tory, 297. The second Short Parliament fails to pass the Exclu-
sion Bill (1680-1681 A.D.), 298. The Oxford Parliament of 1681, 299. The tory reac-
tion and persecution of the whigs, 300. The Ryehouse Plot: the death of Shaftes-
bury, Russell, and others, 303. Seizure of charters and other violations of the
constitution, 304. The death of Charles II (February 6th, 1685), 309. Buckle's
weighing of the good and evil of the reign, 312.
Population; taxation, 317. The military system, 319. The navy, 321. Charge
of civil government, 324. State of agriculture, 325. Mineral wealth of the country,
327. The country gentlemen; the clergy, 328. Growth of the towns, 333. The city,
335. Condition of the streets, 337. Lighting of London, 338. Difficulty of travel-
ling, 339. Stage coaches, 342. Highwaymen, 343. Inns, 344. Post office : news-
papers, 346. Scarcity of books in country places: female education, 347. Literary
attainments of gentlemen, 348. Influence of French literature, 348. Immorality
of the polite literature of England, 349. State of science in England, 351. State of
the fine arts, 353. State of the common people, 354. Benefits of the progress of
civilisation, 357.
James illegally levies customs; and releases Catholic prisoners, 360. The con-
viction of Oates and Baxter, 362. Monmouth's rebellion, 363. Cruelties of the sol-
diers in the west; Kirke's "lambs," 366. Macaulay's account of Judge Jeffreys and
the bloody assizes, 369. Trial of Alice Lisle, 372. The bloody assizes, 373. Rebels
transported, 376. Confiscation and extortion, 376. "Odious mercy," 378. Jeffreys
made lord chancellor, 379. The slaughter in London, 379. Cruel persecution of
the Protestant dissenters, 381. The king at odds with parliament, 382. James tam-
pers with the bench and usurps the dispensing power, 383. The king interferes with
the church, 384. Advances toward Catholicism, 386. The attack on the universities,
388. The king and the parliament, 389. The king and Ireland, 389. The calm
before the storm, 390. Macaulay on the Declaration of Indulgence, 394. The clergy
in general refuse to read the declaration, 395. The bishops prosecuted, and sent to
the Tower, 396. The acquittal of the bishops, 398. Buckle on the intolerance of the
clergy, 400. Failure of the theory of tolerance, 402. The king's isolation; the prince
of Wales, 404. The prince of Orange, and his relations to the throne, 405. William
of Orange invades England, 407. James II takes flight and is recaptured, 409. James
II leaves England forever, 411. The interregnum; the Convention Parliament, 412.
Macaulay's review of the Declaration of Right, and the Revolution, 414.
Parliamentary affairs: the Bill of Rights, 420. The Act of Toleration, 423. The
two English kings in Ireland, 424. Parliament and the king; the settlement of the
revenue, 427. The naval defeat at Beachy Head, 429. Jacobite plots to restore
James, 430. James issues a declaration, 432. Macaulay's account of the battle of
La Hogue, 433. The confederate fleet, 434. Battle of La Hogue, 435. Rejoicings in
England, 438. Further jacobite plots; English defeats and victories, 439. Marlbor-
ough's treacheries, 441. Parliamentary reforms; commencement of the national
debt, 442. The origin of the cabinet; the Junto of 1693, 444. Establishment of the
Bank of England, 446. The death of Queen Mary, 447. Parliamentary corruption,
448. William's success at Namur, 450. Reforms in the currency, and in treason
trials, 452. Last of the jacobite assassination plots, 453. The Peace of Ryswick, 456.
Parliament forces the reduction of the army, 456. The commons coerce the king
and the lords in the Irish grants, 457. Fall of the whig junto; a tory ministry in
power, 458. The Act of Settlement and the Treaties of Partition, 459. The death of
James II, 1701, and of William III, 1702, 461. Macaulay's estimate of William III,
Blenheim (August 13th, 1704), 473. Campaigns of 1704-1708, 474. Exactions of
the allies cause a renewal of war, 477. Agitation regarding the separation of England
and Scotland, 478. The Act of Union, 480. Party faction, 480. Harley's treachery,
481. The whig ministry; the trial of Sacheverell, 482. The triumph of the tories,
483. The fall of Marlborough, 486. The Peace of Utrecht, 487. The death of Go-
dolphin, 488. Whimsical and jacobite tories, 489. The Schism Act, 491. The divi-
sion of the ministry; the fall of Oxford, 492. Bolingbroke; the reappearance of Marl-
borough, 493. The illness and death of Queen Anne, 494. Political growth in reign
of Anne, 496. Literary and scientific advancement, 498. Architecture, 500. Social
and economic conditions, 503.
The king, the pretender, and the new parliament, 507. Impeachment of Boling-
broke, Oxford, and Ormonde, 508. Mar's rising, 509. The Septennial Act, 512. The
king and the prince of Wales, 514. England and the continental powers, 516. Min-
isterial dissensions, 517. The quadruple alliance, 518. Arrest of the prince of
Wales, 520. War with Spain, 521. Bill for relief of dissenters, 522. Settlement of
the Spanish difficulties, 523. The Peerage Bill, 525. The South Sea Bubble, 526.
Walpole to the rescue, 529. Death of Stanhope and Marlborough, 530. Stuart as-
pirations, 531. Affairs of Ireland; Wood's brass half-pennies, 532. Impeachment
of the lord chancellor, 535. Foreign relations, 535. The death of George I, 536.
The accession of George II, 539. Walpole continues in power, 540. The Excise
Bill, 541. Foreign affairs, 545. Walpole versus Bolingbroke, 546. The Gin Act,
546. The Porteous tragedy in Edinburgh, 548. Dissensions in the royal family, 551.
Death of Queen Caroline, 553. The Spanish War, 554. Retirement of Walpole, 555.
Stanhope's estimate of Walpole, 556. Walpole's successors, 558. England and the
War of the Austrian Succession, 559. The young pretender in Scotland, 562. Battles
of Falkirk and Culloden, 564. Escape of Charles; prosecution of his adherents, 564.
Parliamentary affairs; the rise of Pitt, 567. End of the Austrian War; the Peace of
Aix-la-Chapelle, 568. The reform of the calendar, 570. Death of the prince of
Wales, 571. The Jew Bill; the Marriage Act, 572. Newcastle, Fox, and Pitt, 573.
Border warfare in America, 576. Naval engagements; George visits Hanover, 577.
Single-speech Hamilton; Pitt's influence, 578. The loss of Minorca, 579. Hanover
and Prussia, 581. Pitt as war minister, 582. The fate of Admiral Byng, 584. Vic-
tories in America, in India and on the sea, 588. Death of George II, 591.
The king's marriage and coronation, 596. The retirement of Pitt, 597. The ascen-
dancy of Bute, 598. War with Spain, 599. Bute is succeeded by Grenville, 601.
The affair of Wilkes and the North Briton No. XLV, 601. The Stamp Act, 602.
The Regency Bill, 604. Rockingham assumes the ministry, 605. The repeal of the
Stamp Act, 606. Pitt created earl of Chatham, 608. Chatham's illness, 610. An-
other Wilkes contest, 611. The Letters of Junius, 612. The reappearance of Chat-
ham, 613. Colonial affairs, 615. Arrests for publishing parliamentary debates, 617.
The Royal Marriage Act, 619. East Indian tea in Boston harbour, 619. The Boston
Port Bill, 621. The conflict imminent, 621. Outbreak of the American War, 624.
France and Spain aid the colonists, 627. Domestic affairs, 630. Chatham's last
speech and death, 630. Association for the redress of grievances, 632. The Lord
George Gordon riots, 634. Conclusion of the American War, 637. Parliamentary
censures of the terms of peace, 640. The coalition ministry, 641. Pitt at the helm,
643. Pitt's financial measures, 644. The illness of the king, 647. The influence of
the French Revolution, 649. Burke's reflections on the Revolution, 651. The Bir-
mingham riots, 652.
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