ment his face showed great pain. After the spasm of pain had somewhat abated he said with an effort: "The doctors say I'll pull through all right."

They did not want to weary him, so they soon retired from the room. Bash Tanner followed them out, and told the story of the dreadful accident. It was to the effect that the engine had left the track and, in turning over, the throttle lever was jammed deep in his side. The fireman escaped with but two or three heavy bruises. Bob was the only one on the train who was seriously hurt. After Bash had told the story, he went back and sat silently and faithfully by Bob.

Mrs. Carmen secured a room in a family for Bonnie and, unknown to the girl, saw that her every want was supplied. The next day the benevolent old lady kissed her good-bye, told her to use the wire morning and evening, and tell her how Bob was, and then returned home. She went straight to Mrs. Jones and told her all about the case. She had previously sent her a dispatch giving some of the facts, and she assured Mrs. Jones that Bob would soon be well again.

Bonnie staid a month and with sisterly affection watched over Bob. Bash returned to his duties in a day or two, feeling that Bob's danger was not as great as he at first surmised.

When Bonnie brought Bob home, the mother and Mrs. Carmen both met them at the train. Bob had to be conveyed home from the station in an ambulance. Mrs. Carmen took Mrs. Jones and Bonnie with her in her carriage, and was there to assist when Bob was carried into the house. When Mrs. Carmen left, she said mysteriously, "I'll be back tomorrow. I've something good to tell you.”

Mrs. Jones did not then understand why she kissed her. The next day, Mrs. Carmen returned, as she had promised, first to see how Bob was getting along, and next to tell her secret. She was very glad to see Bob sitting in the great easy chair, near the fire in the grate, and she put her hand on his head and quietly said, "My boy will soon be well again."

"Indeed I will. No Jones is ever killed, and that is why there are so many of them," he returned banteringly.

"I have a sad and pleasant story to tell," began Mrs. Carmen, her eyes glittering with kindly emotion. Bob wondered, but Bonnie made no effort to divine what was coming. So far she had only looked on Mrs. Carmen as a singular, gentle, good-natured old lady, for whom she had great esteem and kindly feelings. All now turned attentive and expectant ears to Mrs. Carmen, to whom they could but feel respect and gratitude for her disinterested kindness. "Time brings many changes," continued Mrs. Carmen. Her voice was soft, and gentle, and wooing. "When I heard Bob say that day at the station that he would pay Bonnie wages to stay at home with their mother, I knew there was one of nature's noblemen."

"That's worth a dollar, Mrs. Carmen," said Bob, jocosely, "but I haven't the money now, and you'll have to trust me."

"Oh, don't mind. I make you a present of that easily-earned dollar," replied Mrs. Carmen, and she felt that she had turned the tables on him. Then she resumed: "Well, to go on with my story: As I was saying, I had a clew that I had long sought for in vain. I heard the name Bonnie, and that is my name. That developed for me a happy and long-desired revelation, as you will soon see. I paused then and looked at Bonnie, and goodness! how nice she looked. I did not wonder that Bob loved so sweet a girl, such a one as we read about in Italian poetry. Now be quiet, Bonnie, and don't you speak up and spoil it all, for, indeed, I am not flattering, for I do so dislike a mean flatterer. But I must not talk; I must go on with my story. It will interest you. Well, then, long, many years ago, when I was but a little girl-though then I was about a woman-my parents both died in New York of a fever. My sister was younger than I, and as my parents were honorable but poor, we were truly two destitute little orphans thrown upon a cold, unfriendly world, with not a relative that we knew of to help us. Of course, we were separated, and I never heard of my sister from that day to this. I grew up among strangers, almost forgetting that I had a sister. They told me she was dead. In time I married a man who made a great deal of money in the grain and

Even Mrs. Jones smiled at this facetiæ. Then Mrs. Carmen drew her chair close to him, and faced so that she could look into Mrs. Jones' eyes, and also see Bonnie.

me with much money and no children. I have long searched for my lost sister, but I could not find her. My father's name was Danton. My name was Bonnie Danton, and my sister's name was Maggie. I married Mr. Real Carmen-let me see,

The Labor Situation in Colorado.

In view of the many sensational and varying reports emanating from different sources relative to the present industrial warfare being waged in the State of Colorado, the Magazine, with a view to giving its readers absolutely authentic and reliable information on the subject, has instituted a special investigation as to the real conditions prevailing in that much disturbed State.

The result of this investigation places the Magazine in a position to say that the most radical statements and descriptions of the situation thus far coming to its attention have not been in the least

overdrawn. The existing trouble in Colorado grew originally out of wage controversies arising between the metalliferous miners and their employers during the month of September, 1903, at Cripple Creek, and some months later at Telluride. At a more recent date the coal miners sought better conditions of employment from the operators in the way of a general reduction of the hours of labor, and at some points a slight increase in wages. All of the operators refused to treat with the men except those in what is called the northern coal fields. This absolute refusal on the part of the operators to in any way countenance the demands of the miners, or to even extend to them the courtesy of a hearing, although their demands were fair and equitable, naturally resulted in a strike. Soon after this the metalliferous miners at Cripple Creek also went on a strike, upon the declaration of which the Mine Owners' Association, otherwise known as The Citizens' Alliance, importuned the Governor to send the militia to that point.

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In view of the fact that the most quiet and peaceable conditions prevailed and law and order was easy to maintain, the sheriff, county commissioners and other county officials of Teller County, as well as the marshals and other officers of several towns therein, very naturally, vigorously and formally protested against the use of a military force in that county. It was represented by those officials that there was less crime since the commencement of the strike than had occurred in Teller County during any previthe courts were open and untrammeled in ous corresponding period of time. All of

the due administration of their functions.

Notwithstanding all this, the Governor declared Teller County as being in a state of insurrection and rebellion, and sent the militia to said county.

The constitution of Colorado provides that the military power of the State shall always be subordinate to the civil authorities, and that said power shall be used to "aid" the civil authorities in restraining and maintaining law and order. In this case the military power not only acted wholly and entirely independent of the civil authorities and against their protests, but even threatened to incarcerate them in a vile stockade prison known as Even the district judge the Bull Pen. was threatened with imprisonment if he dared to exercise his judicial powers in any way that might interfere with the high-handed proceedings of the military

authorities.

ever. No specific charges whatever were offered against these men, and they were held prisoners without any process known to law, although the officers of the militia and the Governor of the State led the people to believe that the parties arrested were guilty of some heinous crime. As these men were unlawfully held day after day and the military authorities gave no evidence of any intention of releasing them, writs of habeas corpus were sued out, and after several times defying the order of the court, the prisoners were finally produced in court in the following manner: The militia formed a hollow square about the court house, where they posted a large Gatling gun and then took charge of the court room, all of the front seats of which were occupied by armed soldiers with fixed bayonets. It is safe to say that the elements of intimidation prevailing in that court room never before existed in any court of justice, either in United States or any other country having a judicial system for administering the laws of the land.

During the hearing the military authorities were unable to assign as much as one solitary reason for the arrest and imprisonment of a single individual whom they had incarcerated; the only excuse offered as a justification for their action being that in their judgment it was for the best interests of the community. As a matter of course, the court under such circumstances ordered the immediate discharge of each and all of the prisoners from their unlawful detention, but the moment the order was given the militia officers sprang up and imperiously commanded their soldiers to carry the men back to prison. This was done, but later in the day the Governor, yielding to the admonition and importunities of influential, law-abiding and peace-loving citizens throughout the State, reluctantly instructed his military officers to obey the order of the court and give the prisoners their liberty, which was done. Notwithstanding that the district court on this occasion clearly defined the rights of the Governor and the military and left no possible room for doubt as to their legal duty, prerogatives, etc., numerous citizens were arrested from time to time and held prisoners upon the flimsy pretext that the military authorities had discovered some very grave crime with the commission of which they were in one way or another connected, either then or some time in the past. When confronted with the statutory requirement of either formally and

legally specifying and preferring charges or releasing the prisoners, they invariably failed to substantiate their allegations.

A number of them who were charged by detectives with attempting to wreck a railroad train were tried before a jury and acquitted, the evidence showing that the charges were the result of a conspiracy on the part of men in the employ of the Mine Owners' Association, and that the attempted wrecking of the train was the culmination of one of the plans resulting from said conspiracy.

Later on the militia was sent to Telluride, in San Miguel County. A certain justice of the peace at that point had been complaining prior to their arrival that the place was so quiet and peaceable that he was not receiving fees enough to pay the expenses of his office, and that if "things did not liven up he would have to resign." The military finding nothing to do at this point became restive and before long started a reign of terror by arresting peaceable, self-sustaining and respected citizens and giving them a choice between going back to work or leaving the town where their homes and families were located. These men refused to either go back to work or leave the town, and finally certain corporation attorneys advised the militia to prefer charges of vagrancy against them. This was done and the justice of the peace, who a short time before complained about poor business, had his docket filled with vagrancy cases. Upon trial he found a verdict of guilty in every case, and the prisoners were again given their choice of going to work or leaving town. As they did not see fit to do either, they were again thrown into prison and later compelled to work on the streets during zero weather, although the frosted condition of the ground was such that their labor could not be of any possible benefit to the streets or roadway. The military authorities, seeing that they were accomplishing little in the ultimate attainment of the end for which they were striving, viz.: the suppression of the strike by having the strikers adjudged guilty of vagrancy, finally concluded to abandon the practice. Mine owners and other private individuals, who had been supplying funds to defray the expense of maintaining the militia in the county, became tired of the burden when they found that the results they sought were not forthcoming. They, therefore, ordered the Governor to call his troops in. This he did, with the exception of leaving a company at Telluride. The strike still con

tinued. Certain so-called citizens and business men had come to believe that their hostility to the miners' cause had turned the strikers against them, and that in the event of a settlement between the mining companies and their former employes the latter would never again deal or trade with them, and so the Citizens' Alliance called a meeting at which the most fiery, fanatical and sanguinary tirades were indulged in against organized labor in general, and the striking miners in particular. Those present worked themselves into a frenzy and, led by fellows who had been formerly imported by the Mine Owners' Association, went armed to the quiet homes of the striking miners and gathered them one by one into a vacant building and drove them out of town, as they did also certain business men who refused to join them in their depredations against the miners.

The miners secured an injunction from the court enjoining the mob from driving any more citizens away from their homes, or otherwise molesting them, or preventing those who already had been deported from returning. At this, the so-called "leading citizens" became greatly alarmed lest the men their mob had driven away would return in force, so they appealed to the Governor for the return of the troops. The Governor promptly complied with their wishes by sending a military force and placing one of the mob leaders in command. A reign of terror and persecution was forthwith established. Almost daily a certain few men were singled out, escorted by the militia to a certain point, and told never to return, and that if they did the penalty would be hanging. All constitutional guarantees respecting liberty, the right to bear arms for the protection of one's person and property, etc., were utterly ignored, and without any warrant or other legal justification, squads of militia would break down the doors of houses and, brutally threatening the inhabitants, search every nook and corner of the dwelling. In the early days of the Republic it was sought to give the President of the United States the right to expel any foreigner whom he might deem dangerous to our institutions; but liberty was prized too highly, and the people, realizing that great injustice might result, absolutely refused to insert such a clause in the Constitution.

The Governor of Colorado, however, not only tramples under foot all the laws and constitutional safeguards provided for the safety of the individual in that State,

but with a czarish despotism usurps a power denied the President of the United States by the framers of the Constitution, as is evidenced by the ruthless tyranny with which his military thugs continue to tear peaceable citizens from the bosom of their families and quiet homes, deporting them with the order never to return under pain of death. Although it has always been a firmly established assumption in law that every man is innocent until he is proven guilty, these men are given no opportunity to either establish their innocence or otherwise defend themselves. They are not tried. They are simply punished. Through the exercise of their constitutional rights as American citizens they have offended the god of wealth, and their American citizenship is powerless to defend or protect them from his wrath.

The foregoing facts establish pretty clearly that the courts in the exercise of their functions have incurred the antagonism of the executive power of the State, viz. the Governor and the forces under him. Thus the judicial and executive departments of the State government of Colorado are arrayed against each other: the former persisting in the administration of justice and the maintenance of constitutional liberty and statutory rights and exercising its power in that direction with a view to the protection of individual citizens; and the latter ruthlessly trampling under foot constitutional liberty and disregarding and ignoring statutory rights with a view to establishing the supremacy of wealth above law and gratifying the avarice of a certain comparatively few individuals possessing it. That these conditions must ultimately culminate in an open rupture between these legally constituted departments of the government of Colorado has for some time been plainly evident, and the expected has happened. The courts of the people have finally grown tired of the insults and despotism of Governor Peabody and his insolent and overbearing military martinets, and the spirit and dignity of their Americanism has asserted itself, as evidenced by the action of District Judge Theron Stevens, who on April 11th declared Adjutant Bell (a species of modern Don Quixote placed in command of the Colorado troops by Governor Peabody) and his assistant, Captain Buckley Wells, in contempt of court.

It appears that Charles H. Moyer, President of the Western Federation of Miners, was a prisoner in the hands of