The American Cottage Builder: A Series of Designs, Plans, and Specifications, from $200 to $20,000. For Homes for the People. Together with Warming, Ventilation, Drainage, Painting, and Landscape GardeningStringer & Townsend, 1854 - 326 Seiten |
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apparatus Architect architectural ascending atmosphere beauty beds boiler bottom building burning camellia carbonic acid ceiling centre chimney cistern close clumps coal cold colors combustion construction contrivances cooling COTTAGE cubic feet descending diameter door drain draught earth effect elbow-joints elevation equal escape figure filled fire fire-place floor flue foot fresh air fuel funnel give glass gravel greenhouse ground height hive hollow brick hydrogen inches inches of mercury increased iron kitchen landscape gardening larvæ latent heat lawn length less lower nature nearly nitrogen object OCTAGONAL ornamental oxygen path pipe Pisé plants plate portion prevent quantity of heat radiation respiration rhododendrons rise road rock-work roof shrubs side smoke space specific gravity specific heat square steam stone stove sufficient supply surface temperature thick tile tion trees tube vapor velocity ventilation vessel walk walls warm whole width wind wood
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Seite 236 - The sterile spot grows into loveliness under his hand, and yet the operations of art which produce the effect are scarcely to be perceived. The cherishing and training of some trees, the cautious pruning of others ; the nice distribution of flowers and plants of tender and graceful foliage ; the introduction of a green slope of velvet turf; the partial opening to a peep of blue distance or silver gleam of water, — all these are managed with a delicate tact, a pervading yet quiet assiduity, like...
Seite 147 - ... to be kept, when at its maximum, and the temperature of the external air ; and divide this product by the difference between the temperature of the pipes and the proposed temperature of the room ; then...
Seite 59 - ... disengaging its oxygen ; that they decompose water to combine with its hydrogen, and to disengage also its oxygen ; that, in fine, they sometimes borrow azote directly from the air, and sometimes indirectly from the oxide of ammonium, or from nitric acid, thus working in every case in a manner the inverse of that which is peculiar to animals ? If the animal kingdom constitutes an immense apparatus for combustion, the vegetable kingdom, in its turn, constitutes an immense apparatus for reduction,...
Seite 116 - I could not imagine the reason ; till at length, observing that the chamber over it, which had no fire-place in it, was always filled with smoke when a fire was kindled below, and that the smoke came through the cracks and crevices of the wainscoat.
Seite 194 - First, that the entire length of drain is to be constructed and maintained with sufficient declivity towards the discharge into the sewer to enable the average proportion and quantity of liquid and solid matters committed to it to maintain a constant and uninterrupted...
Seite 39 - ... if clay is not found on the spot, let it be carted in to that depth. Any ordinary clay will answer. Tread this clay over with cattle, and add some straw cut six or eight inches long. After the clay is well tempered with working it with the cattle, the material is duly prepared for the making of brick.
Seite 40 - ... a more adhesive material for the plaster. The wall may safely be carried up one story, or two or three stories, the division. walls may be seven inches, just the width of the brick. The door and window frames being inserted as the wall proceeds, the building is soon raised. The roof may be shingles or thatch. In either case, it should project...
Seite 64 - Carbonic acid gas is a deadly poison. If we attempt to inhale it by putting the face over the edge of a beer vat, the nostrils and throat are irritated so strongly, that the glottis closes, and inspiration becomes impossible. In its pure state, then, it is impossible to breathe carbonic acid gas ; but when this gas is largely diluted with air, it can be breathed, and the symptoms resemble those of apoplexy. Professor Christison quotes a case related by M. Chomel of Paris, of a labourer, who was suddenly...
Seite 88 - ... sheds. The cows are tethered in a row on one side of the shed, and the lace-makers sit cross-legged on the ground on the other side, with their feet buried in straw. The cattle, being out in the fields by day, the poor women work all night for the sake of the steaming warmth arising from the animals. The Laplander, during eight months of the year, inhabits a little hut with a small hole in the centre of the roof for the admission of light and the escape of smoke, and obtains heat from a smoky...
Seite 77 - ... 180°, as 3 to 13 ; and at 60° and 240°, as 3 to 21 ; whereas, according to the old theory, these numbers would have been as 3 to 6, 3 to 9, and 3 to 12. When the excess of temperature of the heated body above the surrounding air is as high as 240° Cent., or 432° Fahr., the real velocity of cooling is nearly double what it would have been by the old theory, varying, however, with the surface. Since the heat lost by contact of the air is the same for all bodies, while those which radiate most,...