ABBEYS.

ABBEYS plundered by great prelates, iii. 462. Property of, ix. 21. ABDICATION, Papal. See Colestine V.

ABÉLARD, iv. 326. His birth and youth, 342. At Paris, 343. His theology, 344. Flight with Heloisa, 347. Marriage and mutilation, 348. Resumes lectures, 349. His treatise on the Trinity condemned by Council of Soissons, 350. His contest with monks of St. Denys, 350. Founds "The Paraclete,' 352. Abbot of S. Gildas in Brittany, 354. His letters, 355. Challenge to S. Bernard, 355. Appeals to Rome, 359. Is condemned at Rome, 363. Protected at Clugny, 363. His death and burial at the Paraclete, 364. Opinions, 365. Sic et Non,' 368. ABSOLUTE poverty, question of, vii.

374. Asserted by Franciscan Chapter of Perugia, 375.

ABSOLUTION, form of, among Templars, vii. 254.

ABUBEKER, Successor of Mohammed, ii. 202.

ENEAS.

ADALBERT II. (the Rich), Marquis of Tuscany, iii. 285. Marries Berthadefeated by Lambert, 286. His power, 286.

ADALBERT of Bremen, iii. 459. His influence over Henry IV., 461. Combination against, 464. Fall of, 465.

ADELAIDE, Empress, accuses Henry IV., iv. 160.

ADELAIDE, widow of Lothair, persecuted by Berengar-marries Otho the Great, iii. 305. ADELCHIS, son of Desiderius, iii. 45.

Obtains aid from Constantinople, 50. ADELGIS, Duke of Benevento, iii. 220. ADEODATUS, Pope, ii. 330.

ADHEMAR, Bishop of Puy, Papal Legate in Crusade, iv. 194. ADOLPH of Nassau, vii. 32. King of Romans, 32. Conditions of his election, 34. His alliance with England, 36. Slain in battle, 37. ADOLPH, Archbishop of Cologne, deposed, v. 225. Restored, 240. ADOPTIANS, Sect of, iii. 95. ADRIANOPLE, battle of, v. 367. ENEAS Sylvius Piccolomini (Pius II.), viii. 360. His secret influence, 414. Parentage and youth, 415. journey to England and Scotland, 417. Immorality, 421. At Basle, 423. His History, 425. Hostility to Eugenius IV., 426. Recovers from the plague, 427. Secretary to Felix V., 429. Secretary to Emperor, 430. His time-serving, 431. In holy orders, 433. Letters of,

His

AFRICA.

434.
Comes round to Eugenius,
436. His mission to Italy, 437,
Apology to Pope, 437. Made Papal
Secretary, 439. At Frankfort-his
journey to Rome, 440. Again at
Frankfort, 443. His danger and
conduct, 444. Gains over Diet to
the Pope, 445. Made Bishop of
Trieste, 447. At Milan, 452. Bishop
of Sienna, 457.
At Tabor in
Bohemia, 458. Legate in Germany,
462. His dread of Turks, 467.
Popedom and character, 469 note.
Letter to Mahomet II., 469 note.
Zeal against Turks, 470 note.
AFRICA, the parent of Latin Chris-
tianity, i. 35. Importance of, to
Latin Empire, 236. Suffers from
Donatist schism, 237. Cruelties of
the Vandals in, 423. Conquest by
Belisarius, 425. Retains Donatist
heresy, ii. 124. Mohammedan con-
quest of, 213.

AFRICAN Church, its relations with
Roman See, i. 238. Its difficulties,
239. Asserts independence of Rome,
242. Sufferings of, under Vandals,
243. Its reduced state (IIth cen-
tury), iv. 36.

AGAPETUS, Pope, ambassador to Con-
stantinople, i. 429. His reception,
429. Dispute with Justinian, 430.
Triumph and death, 430.
AGATHO, Pope, ii. 330.
AGILULF, King of Lombards, ii. 134.
Attacks Rome, 135.
AGNES, Empress, guardian of Henry
IV., iii. 417. Weak position of,
455. Her monastic feelings, iv. 78.
AGNES of Meran marries Philip Au-
gustus, v. 246. Her separation,
256. Dies, 258.

AIDAN, Bishop of Lindisfarne, ii. 241.
AILLY, Peter d', Cardinal of Cam-
bray, his mission to rival popes-at
Rome, viii. 86. At Avignon, 87.
His sermon at Constance, 247. Ex-
tends right of suffrage, 257.

ALBORNOZ.

AISCELIN, Gilles d', Archbishop of
Narbonne, vii. 220.

AIX-LA-CHAPELLE, iii. 70.

AIX-LA-CHAPELLE, Diet of, iii. 113.
Legislates for the Church, 116. Its
independence of Rome, 118. Settles
the succession to the empire, 119.
ALAIMO de Lentini defends Messina,
vi. 435, 438.

ALARIC defeated by Stilicho, i. 121.
His second invasion of Italy, 125.
Besieges Rome, 125. Accepts ran-
som, 127. Sets up Attalus as
Emperor, 128. His final capture
of Rome, 130. Spares Christian
churches and sacred vessels, 133.
ALBERIC, son of Marozia, ii. 298.
Rises against Hugh of Provence-
lord of Rome, 298. His rule and
death, 303.

ALBERIC da Romano tortured to death,
vi. 332.

ALBERT of Austria, letter of Gregory
IX. to, vi. 134.

ALBERT of Austria, Emperor, vii. 33.

Defeats Adolph of Nassau, 37. Ex-
communicated, 38. Alliance of, with
Philip the Fair, 103. Reconcilia-
tion with Pope, 129. His oath,
129. Murdered, 210.

ALBERT of Austria, King of the Ro-
mans, viii. 426.

ALBERT von Beham, vi. 204, 253.
ALBERT, Archbishop of Mentz, iv.

ALDFRID, King of Northumbria, his
disputes with Wilfrid, ii. 267. His
remorse and death, 270.
ALDHELM of Malmesbury, ii. 278.
ALEXANDER II. (Anselm of Badagio),
iii. 438. Resists marriage of clergy,
442. Elected Pope by Cardinals,
448. Defeated by Cadalous, 453.
His election confirmed at Augsburg,
458; and at Mantua, 467. Dies,
479. Sanctions Norman invasion
of England, iv. 34.
ALEXANDER III., Pope, disputed elec-
tion of, v. I. Excommunicates
Frederick Barbarossa, 7. His voy-
age to France, 9. His relations
with Becket, 10. Holds council at
Tours, 40. Absolves Becket, 52.
His embarrassment and hesitation,
53, 86, 108. Gains possession of
Rome, 78. Suspends Becket's sen-
tences, 87, 92. Absolves Bishops
of London and Salisbury, 109. His
connexion with Becket's career, 134.
Reception of, at Rome, 135. Makes
peace with Emperor at Venice, 142.
His death, 146.
ALEXANDER IV., Pope, vi. 320.

Ex-
cites English against Manfred, 322.
His contest with Brancaleone, 326.
His antipathy to Manfred, 330.
Favours friars, 346. His Bull to
University of Paris, 347. His death,

ANACLETUS.

ALEXIUS Comnenus, his jealousy of
Crusaders, iv. 191.

ALEXIUS Comnenus the Elder, deposes
and blinds his brother Isaac, v. 337.
His flight, 347.

ALEXIUS Comnenus the Younger, es-
capes from prison-flies to Rome,
V. 337. Appeals to Crusaders at
Venice, 338. His treaty with Cru-
saders at Zara, 342.
ALFONSO of Castile, vi. 385.
ALFONSO, King of Leon, v. 307.
ALFONSO, King of Arragon, vi. 445.
His treaty with Charles the Lame,
447. His death, 451.
ALFONSO of Arragon, viii. 411.
ALFRED anointed by the Pope, iii. 273.

His wars, 274. Compels Guthrun
to be baptized, 275. Learns to
read, 276. His love of Saxon books,
277. Continues poems of Cadmon
-his translations from Latin, 277.
ALI, Mohammed's second convert, ii.

179. His honour and loyalty, 202.
ALLEGORICAL paintings, vii. 473.
ALLEGORY, ix. 239.

ALLITERATIVE verse, ix. 232.
ALSACE, desolation of, ii. 286.
ALTMAN, Bishop of Passau, iv. 60.
Papal legate at Tribur, 87.
AMADEUS of Savoy. See Felix V.
AMALASUNTHA, widow of Theodoric,
marries Theodotus, i. 426. Put to
death, 426.

AMATORY poetry, monkish, ix. 185.
AMAURY de Bene, ix. 112.
AMBROSE, St., of Milan, i. 99, IOI.
His authority quoted for marriage of
clergy, iii. 440.
AMMIANUS, i. 87.
AMOUR, St., William, resists Friars,

vi. 347. His Perils of the Last
Times,' 352. His exile and popu
larity, 353.

ANACLETUS II., Antipope, iv. 299.
Holds St. Angelo, 319. His death,
320.

ANACREONTICS.

Deposes
His al-

ANACREONTICS, religious, ix. 183.
ANAGNI, threatened by Romans, vi.
326. Boniface VIII. at, vii. 145.
Betrays Pope, 150. Rescues him,
152. Cardinals at, viii. 45.
ANASTASIUS, Emperor, i. 305. En-
forces toleration, 306.
Bishop Euphemius, 307.
leged Manicheism, 310.
with Macedonius, 311.
position of, 313. His humiliation,
316. Appeals to Pope Hormisdas,
394. Rejects conditions, 396, 397.
His death, 399.

Dispute
Critical

ANASTASIUS I., Pope, i. 102.
ANASTASIUS, II., Pope, his leniency,
i. 322.
His death-his memory
detested, 323.

ANASTASIUS IV., Pope, iv. 405.
ANASTASIUS, Bishop of Constantinople,
his intrigues for Artavasdus, ii. 369.
His punishment, 370.
ANCONA, siege of, v. 137.
ANDREW'S, St., head, ix. 87.
ANDREW, King of Hungary, his con-
version, iii. 398. His war with
Henry III., 399.

ANDREW, King of Hungary, v. 315.
Grants Golden Bull, 317. His cru-
sade, vi. 57.

ANDREW of Hungary murdered, vii.
462.

ANDRONICUS, Greek Emperor, restores
independence of Greek Church, vi.
413.

ANGELO, St., siege of, viii. 95.

ANNATES, viii. 73, 312, 315.
ANNE of Bohemia, viii. 205.
ANSCHAR, his visions, iii. 267. His
mission to Denmark, 269; to
Sweden, 270. Archbishop of Ham-
burg, 270.

ANSELM of Badagio. See Alexander
II.

His

ANSELM, Bishop of Lucca, iv. 131.
ANSELM, S., at Bec, iv. 339.
philosophy, 339. Archbishop of
Canterbury-resists the crown, v.
16. Was premature, ix. 103.
ANSPERT, Archbishop of Milan, iii.
228, 432.

ANTHEMIUS, Emperor of the West,
i. 287.

ANTHIMUS, Bishop of Constantinople,
opposed by Agapetus and degraded,
i. 429.
ANTHROPOMORPHISM of popular Chris-
tianity, ix. 56, 126.

ANTIOCH, disturbances in, i. 291, 308.
ANTISACERDOTALISM, V. 377. Spreads
among burghers, 382. In South of
France, 389.

ANTONINA degrades Pope Silverius, i.
433.

ANTONIUS, Bishop of Fussola, i. 239.
His appeal to the Pope, 239.
ANTONY of Padua, a Franciscan, vi.
40. His preaching, 41.
APIARIUS, presbyter at Sicca, i. 240.
Deposed-appeals to Pope Zosimus,
240. Confesses his guilt, 241.
APOSTLES of Parma, vii. 357, 360.

APPEAL.

APPEAL to Rome, arose out of pro-
vincial jealousies, i. 245. Sub-
jected to royal consent, v. 51.
APULIA, war in, vi. 137. Conspiracy
in, against Frederick II., 249.
AQUINAS, Thomas, death of, vi. 405.
One of five great Schoolmen, ix.
119. His early life, 130.
His
authority, death, and canonization,
131. His 'Sum of Theology,' 132.
His opinions, 133. His philosophy,
134, 136.
ARABIA, independence and supposed
wealth of, ii. 164. United under
Mohammed, 186.
ARABIAN Jews, ii. 183.

ARABIC philosophy, ix. 108, 116.
Schools, 109.

ARABIC, translations from, ix. 114.
ARABS, their immutable character, ii.
166. Their love of war and rapine,
194.

ARBON, monastery of, ii. 292.
ARCH, principle of, ix. 271.
ARCHITECTS, ecclesiastic, ix. 287.
Foreign, 299.

ARCHITECTURE, Christian, viii. 449.
Faithful to the church, ix. 267.
Christian, first epoch of, 269. Ro-
man, 270. Greek and Latin, 272.
Byzantine, 275. Church, influ-
enced by ritual, 279. Christian,
progressive, 281.
Romanesque, 289. Norman, 293.
Gothic, 294. Affected by climate,
302. Mediæval, 339.

Lombard

or

ARDOIN, Marquis of Ivrea, iii. 350.
ARIALD, iii. 442. His strife with
Guido, 471. His flight and death,

472.
ARIAN clergy (Goths), their modera-
tion, i. 385. Were probably Teu-
tonic, ii. 66.

ARIANISM of Teutonic converts, i.
343, 349. Its propagators un-
known, 344. Of Goths, 384. Put
an end to in Spain, ii. 127. In
Gaul, 127.

ARSENIUS.

ARISTOTELIAN philosophy, ix. 110.
ARISTOTLE, Arabic adoption of, ix.
IIO. Dialectics of, III. Con-
demned at Paris, 113. Versions of,
from Arabic, 115. Becomes known
in original, 116.

ARLES, Council of, i. 80. Arch-
bishopric of, 245.

ARLES, Cardinal of, viii. 403. At
Diet of Frankfort, 443.
ARNAUD, William, Inquisitor at Tou-

In

louse, murdered, vi. 315.
ARNOLD of Brescia, iv. 326, 373. A
disciple of Abelard, 373. His re-
publicanism, 375. Preaches in
Brescia, 378. Condemned by Late-
ran Council, flies to Zurich, 379.
Protected by Guido di Castello, 381.
Persecuted by S. Bernard, 381.
Revered by Waldenses, 382.
Rome, 382. Decline of his influ-
ence, 404. Banished, 408. Seized
and executed, 412. Revival of his
opinions, v. 379.
ARNOLD. Abbot, Papal Legate in Lan-
guedoc, v. 433. Persecutes Count
Raymond, 438. Made Archbishop
of Narbonne, 446. Charges against,
447. At Lateran Council, 453.
ARNULF invades Italy-sacks Ber-
gamo, iii. 238. His second inva-
sion-enters Rome-crowned Em-
peror, 240. His sudden illness and
retreat, 241.

ARNULF, Archbishop of Rheims, iii.
334. His treachery to Hugh Capet,
335. Is betrayed and imprisoned,
337. His deposition, 337.
ARNULF, Bishop of Orleans, his speech
against corruption of papacy, iii.
338.
ARRAGON, affairs of, v. 311. Made
feudatory to Pope, 312. The nobles
and people remonstrate, 314.
ARRAGON, House of, representatives of
Manfred, vi. 424. Franciscan pro-
phecies about, vii. 362.
ARSENIUS, Papal Legate in France,