FREDERICK.

education, 200. His claim to em-
pire set aside by Innocent III., 217.
Joins insurgents against Otho IV.,
238. Obtains empire, 242. Inno-
cent III.'s guardianship of, vi. 47.
Takes the Cross, 59. Correspond-

ence with Honorius III., 60. His
son Henry elected his successor, 62.
His letter to the Pope, 63. His
coronation, 65. His laws in favour
of ecclesiastics, 66. Against heretics,
66. In Sicily, 67.
His engage-
ment to proceed to Palestine, 71.
Marries Iolante, 72. Correspondence
with Honorius III., 73. His cha-
racter and views, 90. Admonished

by Gregory IX., 95. His court, 96.
His poetry 98. Negotiates with
Sultan of Egypt, 102. Prepares for
crusade, 103. Sets out and returns
excommunicated, 104.

His ap-

peal to sovereigns, 109. His allies
in Rome, III. Arrives in the East,
116. Opposed by religious orders
of Knights, 117. Occupies Joppa,
119. Sends embassy to Sultan
Kameel, 122. Makes treaty, 124.
Visits Jerusalem, 126. His coro-
nation and address, 127. His com-
pliances with Mohammedanism, 129.
His letter to Henry III. of England,
131. At Ptolemais, 135. Returns
to Italy, 139. His successes against
Pope, 140. General feeling in
favour of, 141. Makes treaty with
Pope, 144. Legislates for kingdom
of Naples, 147. Asserts supremacy
of law, 149. Condemns heretics,
150. His laws about clergy, 152;
cities, 153; and peasants, 153.

Ap-
points Parliaments, 154. His cri-
minal laws, 155. Other laws, 156.
Commercial measures, 157. En-
courages learning, 158. His taste
and magnificence, 159. His evil
fame among the clergy, 160. Pe-
riods in his life, 163. Assists
Pope against Romans, 172. Re-
presses his son Henry's rebellion,
175. Declares war against Lom-
bards, 176. His correspondence

FREDERICK.

with Gregory IX., 178. Gains vic-
tory of Corte Nuova, 179. Excom-
municated by Pope, 182. His reply,
184. His appeal to the cardinals
-to the Romans, 186. To the
Princes of Christendom, 187. To
the commonalty, 190. Pope's reply
to, 192. Reported sayings of, 195.
His rejoinder to Pope, 196. His
proclamation to German princes,
206. War with Pope, 211. Threat-
ens Rome, 214. His circular letters,
217, 221. His naval victory and
capture of prelates, 219. Offers
peace to Innocent IV., 225. Loses
Viterbo, 227. Negotiates with
Pope, 228. Complains of Pope's
flight, 231.
Refuses to appear at
Lyons, 241. Declared deposed, 243.
His appeal to Christendom, 244.
Conspiracy against, 248. His charge
against Innocent IV., 250. Asserts
his orthodoxy, 251. His successes
in Italy, 252. At Turin, 258.
Loses Parma-turning-point in his
fortunes, 259. His defeat, 261.
Other disasters, 263. His death,
264. His character, 265. His reli-
gion, 267. Fidelity of his friends,
268, 269. Compared with St.
Louis, 311.

FREDERICK III., Emperor, viii. 430.
Reconciled to Eugenius IV., 441.
His claims on Milan, 452. His mar-
riage and coronation at Rome, 461.
Made Viceroy of Sicily, vi. 451.
FREDERICK of Lorraine. See Stephen
IX.

FREDERICK of Arragon, offers of

Boniface VIII. to, vii. 18. Crowned
at Palermo, 20. His war with
Charles of Naples, 20. Successful
resistance to Charles of Valois, 21.
Defence of Sicily, 22. Excluded
from Jubilee, 86. Acknowledged
King of Sicily, 130.
FREDERICK of Austria, candidate for
Empire, vii. 386. Taken prisoner.
392. His treaty with Louis of
Bavaria, 402. His death, 425.

374.

GAUL.

ruling the universities, 343. Sub-
jected to episcopal authority by
Innocent IV., 346. Generals of
orders, 350. Unpopular at Paris,
353. Their great theologians, 354.
Their dispute with seculars, 355.
Their devotion in the plague, viii. 1.
Defended by Clement VI., 2. Their
proportion to monks, ix. 8. In-
ducements to become, 8. Corrup-
tion of, 38.

FRIENDS of God,' ix. 257, 265.

FRIESLAND, Bishop Wilfrid in, ii.
263. St. Boniface in, 298.
FULBERT, uncle of Heloisa, iv. 346,
347, 348.

FULDA, monastery of, ii. 304.

ix. 211.

FRENCH lawyers, vii. 41.

FRENCH nobles take the Cross, v. 330.
Their embassy to Venice, 333.
Their embarrassment, 334. At
Zara, 340.
Condemn conduct of

Gregory IX., vi. 202. Address to
cardinals, vii. 118.
FRENCH prelates resist Roman supre-
macy, iii. 338, 341. Their prowess
in attack of Constantinople, v. 350.
Their jealousy of the Venetians,
362. Summoned to Rome, vii. III,
127.
Address Boniface VIII., 120.
Assent to General Council, 144.
Adhere to Philip the Fair, 145.
Support Philip against Templars,

207.

FRENCH Schoolmen, ix. 120.

FRENCH writers, biassed against the
Templars, vii. 269.
FRETTEVILLE, treaty of, v. 112.
FRIAR, Franciscan, accused of poison-
ing Benedict XI., vii. 165.

His

Bishop of Toulouse, v. 412.
hostility to Count Raymond, 442.
At Lateran Council, 453. His
treacherous advice to citizens of
Toulouse, 459. Persecutes heretics,
vi. 311.

FULK of Neuilly, v. 326. Preaches
the crusade, 326, 327. Effects of
his preaching transient, 329. His
death, 330.

FUSSOLA, see of, created by St. Augus-
tine, i. 239. Dispute with Rome
about its suppression, 240.

GABRIANO, V. 184.
GAETA, Gregory XII. at, viii. 135.
GALERIA, Count of, iii. 430.
GALL, St. ii. 293. Founds monastery
at Arbon, 294.

GALL, St., monastery of, burnt by
Hungarians, iii, 280.

GALLICAN Church, rights of, vii. 115;
viii. 250, 385.

434.
FRIARS, preaching, vi. 8. Their firm
adherence to Popedom, 207. Their
activity and preaching, 207. Con-
test with hierarchy, 341. Aim at

nelius, i. 64.

GAUL, the first Christians in, were
Greek, i. 34.
Church in, 244.
Its disputes, 245. Appeals to Rome
from, 245. Religious wars in, 355.

GAUNT.

GERMANY.

Monasticism in, ii. 78.
Arianism in, 122.
GAUNT, John of, viii. 165. Popular
suspicion of, 172. Regent, 175.
Supports Wycliffe, 176. Decline of
his power, 177.

GEBHARD of Eichstadt. See Victor
II.

GEISMAR, sacred oak of, felled by S.

Boniface, ii. 300.

GELASIUS I., Pope, i. 320. His let-
ter to Emperor Anastasius, 321
note.

GELASIUS II., Pope, seized by the
Frangipanis, iv. 273. His flight to
Gaeta, 274. Excommunicates Bur-
dinus, 275. Returns to Rome under
Norman protection, 276. Dies at
Clugny, 277.

GENOA, Henry of Luxemburg at, vii.
312.

GENOESE side with Pope Gregory IX.

-their fleet defeated, vi. 218.
GENSERIC, his conquest of Africa, i.
242. His Arianism and cruelty,
243. Conquers Sicily-invited to
attack Rome by Eudoxia, 278.
Sacks Rome, 278.

GERARD, St., at Toul, iii. 396.
GERBERT, his birth and early life, iii.

331. Adheres to Hugh Capet, 336.
Archbishop of Rheims, 340. Ac-
cused by Papal legate, 341. Placed
under interdict, 343. Retires to
court of Otho III., 343. Made
Pope, 344. His death, 348. Sus-

pected of necromancy, 348.
GERHARD, Archbishop of Mentz, vii.
34.

GERMAN art, ix. 338.

GERMAN bishoprics founded, ii. 301.
GERMAN chiefs in Italy, v. 186.
GERMAN Church, its dependence on
Rome, iii. 13.

GERMAN cities, antipapalism in, ix.
251.

GERMAN clergy (married), resist
Gregory VII., iv. 54, 61.

GERMAN prelates, their pilgrimage to
Jerusalem, iii. 464. Resist Papal
embassy, iv. 52. Renounce alle-
giance to Gregory VII., 72. Main-
tain supremacy of Empire, 419.
Take part against Innocent III.,
v. 224. Divided between Philip
and Otho, 225. Remonstrate with
Gregory IX., vi. 203. Indignant
against Papacy, 204.
At Con-
stance, viii. 250.
GERMAN schoolmen, ix. 119.
'GERMAN Theology,' ix. 266.
GERMAN versions of Scriptures, ix.
227.

GERMAN wars fomented by Innocent
III., vi. 47.

GERMANS. See Teutons.

GERMANO, San, treaty of, vi. 71, 144.
GERMANUS, Bishop of Constantinople,

resists Iconoclasm, ii. 356. His de-
gradation and death, 363.
GERMANY, missionaries in, ii. 297.
Conversion of, belonged to Latin
Christianity, 307. Ravaged by
Northmen, iii. 264. State of (10th
century), 281. Married clergy in,
iv. 20, 55. Civil war in, IIO.
Effect of crusades in, 218. Civil
war in, 229. State of, at accession
of Innocent III., v. 202. Civil war in,
210, 216. Ferocity of war in, 228.
Renewed strife in, 240. Acquittal
of Templars in, vii. 268. Interdict
in, 439. Asserts its independence
of Pope, 444. Rejects Papal autho-
rity, 445. Indignant at humiliation
of Emperor Louis, 458. Concordat
with, viii. 317. State of (during
Hussite war), 350. Indifferent
to Papal schism, 412. Power of
clergy in, ix. 14. Church in, 43
Separation of, from France, 212.
Heretics in, 265.

GEROLD.

GEROLD, Patriarch of Jerusalem, his
hostility to Frederick II., vi. 125.
His letter to Pope, 132.
GERSON, chancellor of Paris-at Pisa,
viii. 115.
Opposes friars, 126.
Head of French deputies, 249. His
arrival at Constance, 260. His
maxims, 270. Joins in proceedings
against Jerome of Prague, 300. His
exile and death, 306.

GHIBELLINES, v. 187; vi. 176.
Their hatred to Boniface VIII., vii.
93. Great chiefs of, 388. Ascend
ency of (time of Gregory XI.), viii.
25.

GHIBELLINES and Guelfs, v. 147;
vi. 73, 331, 360, 453; vii. 23,
388. In Milan, 308.
GHIBERTI, ix. 317.
GILBERT de la Porée, iv. 391.
GILBERT, Prior, first Dominican
preacher in England, vi. 20.
GILDAS, St., monks of, their bar-
barism, iv. 354.

GIORDANO, Patrician of Rome, iv.
385.

GREEK.

temporaneous with crusades, 296.
National features in, 300. Italian,
300. Symbolism of, 303. Mys-
teries represented in, 304.
GOTHIC cathedrals, ix. 303.
GOTHIC, name of, ix. 300.
GOTHS request leave to settle in
Eastern Empire, i. 345. Their
partial conversion, 344. Their
divisions, 345. Become Christian,
347. Arianism of, 384. Take
Rome, 441.

GOTSCHALK, iv. 328. Persecution of,

330.
GRATIAN, Papal legate, v. 99. Takes
GRÆCO-ARABIC philosophy, ix. 116.
Becket's part, 100, 102, 103.
GREEK authors, translations of, viii.
472.
GREEK books introduced through the
Arabic, ix. 107.
GREEK Christianity, speculative cha-
racter of, i. 2. Not aggressive, 4.
Decay of, 4. Remains a peculiar
faith, 6. Compared with Latin, 6, 7.
GREEK Christians in Italy, vi. 151.

gorical paintings, 332.

GLASS introduced in England, ii. 258.
GODFATHERS, ii. 20, 281.

GODFREY of Lorraine, iii. 374. His
penance, 375. Marries Beatrice of
Tuscany, 413. Raises insurrection
in Germany, 414. Marquis of
Tuscany, 420. Arbitrates between
rival Popes, 454.

GODFREY of Boulogne, iv. 182.

fuses to be crowned, 189.

GOLDEN BULL, V. 317; viii. 7.

GOLDEN LEGEND, ix. 172.

GOLDEN Rose, viii. 262.

GOLIARDS, ix. 189, 191.

Re-

the Latin, i. 74. Estranged by con-
quest of Constantinople, v. 361.
Toleration of, 365. Admits supre-
macy of Rome, vi. 405. Ambas-
sadors of, at Lyons, 406. Returns
to independence, 413. Attempted
reconciliation of, viii. 331, 365.
Treaty, 394, 396. Treaty resisted
in the East, 401.

GREEK Empire. See Empire.
GREEK fire, ii. 351, 356.

GREEK language, its prevalence, i.
32. The language of speculative
controversies, 38. Study of, ix.

116.

GREEK learning, ix. 346.

189.

'GOOD Estate,' laws of, vii. 474.
GOTHIC architecture, ix. 294. Its
rapid rise and extension, 295. Con-

GREEK prelates, chimerical views of,
viii. 372. Embark for Italy, 374.
Their voyage, 376. At Ferrara,
378. Their discontent, 380.

to Florence, 383. Their discussions,
394. Sign treaty, 395, 396.
GREEK Testament, ix. 346.
GEEEK theology, its subtlety of defini-

En-

tions of the Godhead, i. 5.
GREEKS in South Italy, iii. 403.
GREGORY I. (the Great), ii. 100.
The father of medieval Papacy,
102. His birth and early sanctity,
102, 103. Becomes abbot, 104.
His severe discipline, 105. His
design of converting Britain, 106.
Sent to Constantinople, 107. His
'Magna Moralia,' 108. His return
to Rome, 109. Is made Pope, 110.
Retains his love of monkhood, III.
Settles the church services, 113.
His preaching-improves church
music, 114. His administration,
115. His almsgiving, 117.
forces discipline in the Church, 119.
Converts Spain to orthodoxy, 121.
Opposes Donatism in Africa, 123.
Sends Augustine to Britain, 124,
229. His gentleness and forbear-
ance to heathens, 124. Humanity
to Jews, 125. Tries to check slave-
trade, 126. Letters of, 128, 129.
His temporal power, 130. State
of Rome at his accession, 130. De-
fends Rome and obtains peace, 135.
His influence with Theodelinda-
effects conversion of Lombards, 137.
Letter about monastics, 138. His
adulation to Phocas, 140. Blinded
by ecclesiastical zeal, 144.
death, 144. His epitaph, 145. His
praise of celibacy, 149. His policy
in Britain, 232.

His

GREGORY II., ii. 356. His letter to
Emperor Leo, 357. Its strange
arguments, 358. Its defiant lan-
guage, 359. His second letter, 361.
His love of images, 416. His peace-
ful labours, 418. His supposed
danger of assassination, 420. His
meeting with Liutprand, 422. Con-
tributes to separate Rome from Em-
pire, 423. His death, 424.

GREGORY.

GREGORY III., ii. 367. Sends
embassy to Constantinople, 425.
An
Condemns Iconoclasts, 425.
image-worshipper, 426. Appeals
for aid to Charles Martel, 429.
His offers to Charles, 433 His
death, iii. I.

GREGORY IV., adheres to sons of
Louis the Pious, iii. 136. Visits
the camp of Louis, 136.
GREGORY VI., Pope by purchase, iii.
358. Deposed by Henry III., 361.
GREGORY VII. (Hildebrand), iii. 367.
Papal legate at Tours, 394. Pro-
poses Gebhard for Pope, 411.
Elected Pope, 480. Confirmed by
Henry IV., 483. His birth and
youth, iv. 7. At Clugny, 8. His
influence, 9. His designs, II. His
decrees against simony and marriage
of clergy, 31. His letters to Philip
I. of France, 32. To William the
Conqueror, 34. His claims of
supremacy, 35, 36. His demands
on Emperor Henry IV., 48, 51.
Calls Synod on investitures, 57.
His breach with Henry IV., 59.
His harshness to married clergy, 61.
Hatred against, 64. Seized by Cen-
cius, 66. Rescued, 67. His letter
to Henry IV., 69. His deposition
declared, 73. His speech to Council,
76. Interdicts and deposes Henry
IV., 78. His manifesto, 85. Let-
ters to Germany, 85, 86. At
Canosa, 94. Imposes terms, 98.
Absolves Henry, 99. His embar-
rassment, 107. Charged with guilt
of civil war, IIO. His conduct in
German wars, 113. Acquits Be-
rengar of heresy, 117. Predicts
Henry's death, 123. Is declared
to be deposed, 124. His critical
position and intrepidity, 127.
sieged in Rome, 128. Rejects terms
of peace, 130. Obtains succours in
money from Normans, 133. In St.
Angelo, 133. Rescued by the Nor-
mans, 135. Retires from Rome,
137. His death and character, 138.

Be-