JOHN.

243. His supremacy in the Council,
247. Threatening signs against,
253. His cession demanded, 256.
Charges against, 258. Promises to
abdicate, 259. Demands upon, 262.
Interview with Sigismund, 266.
Flight, 267. Letter to Council,
269. At Schaffhausen-his com-
plaints, 271. His conduct and
weakness, 272. At Fribourg, 275.
Surrenders, 277. His imprison-
ment, 278. Lenient treatment of,
303. Submits to Pope Martin V.,
322. Is named Cardinal-dies at
Florence, 322.

JOHN of England, his accession, v. 261.
Divorces his wife and marries Isa-
bella, 262. War with Philip Au-
gustus-flies to England, 265. His
loss of Normandy, 266. His quarrel
with Innocent III., 267. Oppresses
clergy, 275. Excommunicated, 276.
His folly and profligacy, 277. De-
clared deposed, 278. Collects forces,
280. His desperation threatens
to embrace Mohammedanism, 280.
His weakness, 282. Submits to
Papal legate, 282. Surrenders
England to Pope, 283. His abso-
lution, 288. Second surrender of
the realm, 291.
Conciliates the

clergy, 294. Supported by Pope,
295. Signs Magna Charta, 295.
Released from oath by Pope, 298.
His war with Barons, 298. Death
and character, 303. His surrender
of realm declared void by Parlia-
ment, viii. 168.

JOHN Talajas, i. 297.
JOHN, Bishop of Antioch, attempts to
appease Nestorian strife, i. 198. At
Council of Ephesus, 212. Resists
Cyril and Memnon, 213. His
league with Cyril, 223. Alienates
his own supporters, 223. Enforces
their submission, 225.
JOHN, Imperial Commissary at Ephe-
sus, i. 216. Arrests the contending
prelates, 217.

JOHN, Bishop of Alexandria, i. 130.

124.

JOHN of Oxford, ambassador at Wurz-
burg, v. 75. Excommunicated by
Becket, 80. His intrigues at
Rome, 85. At Benevento, 108.
Reinstates Becket, 117.

JOHN, King of Jerusalem, in the West,
vi. 70. His quarrel with Frederick
II., 72.

JOHN, Prince of Naples, vii. 313.
JOHN of Bohemia invades Italy, vii.

428, 460. Slain at Crecy, 461.
JOINVILLE, Seneschal of St. Louis, vi.
309.
IOLANTE, of Jerusalem, marries Fre-
derick II., vi. 72. Her death, 99.
IONA, ii. 241.

JOPPA occupied by Frederick II., vi.

IRMIN.

IRMIN-Saule, a Saxon idol, destroyed

by Charlemagne, iii. 75.
IRON age of Christianity, iii. 284.
ISAAC Angelus, Eastern Emperor, v.
337.

ISABELLA of England, Empress, vi.
176.

ISIDORE of Pelusium, i. 223.
ISIDORE of Rossano, viii. 424.
ISLIP, Simon, Archbishop, founds
Canterbury Hall, vii. 162.
ITALIAN clergy in England, vi. 84,

290. Popular threats against, 86.
ITALIAN defenders of Boniface VIII.,
vii. 285.

ITALIAN houses of Papal origin, ix.
341.

ITALIAN language at Court of Fre-
derick II., vi. 159. Of Boccaccio,

ix. 209.

ITALIAN nobles, lawlessness of, iii.
219.

Decline

ITALIAN politics, vii. 388. (Time of
Nicolas V.), viii. 455.
ITALIAN prelates, iii. 299.
of their power, ix. 39.
ITALIAN Schoolmen, ix. 119.
ITALY under the Ostrogoths, i. 374.
Invaded by Lombards, 446; ii. 97.
Papal policy fatal to, i. 447. Mon-
asticism in, ii. 78. Weakened by
Byzantine conquest, 99. Overrun
by Lombards, 131. Invaded by
Saracens, iii. 151. State of (10th
century), 281. Southern, state of
(11th century), 403. Northern,
violent contests in, 475.
Climate
of, fatal to German popes, iv. 10.
Married clergy in, 20. State of, at
accession of Innocent III., v. 186.
Becomes subject to papal power,
187. Strife in cities of, vi. 64.
State of (13th century), 73. State
of (time of Urban IV.), 360. Wars
in, 450. Arrest of Templars in,
vii. 265. Affairs of (time' of Cle-
ment V.), 304. State of, after
death of Henry of Luxemburg, 318.

JUSTINIAN.

Defection of, from Louis of Bavaria,
424. State of (time of Urban V.),
viii. 15-18; (Gregory XI.), 23.
Antipapal league in, 25. State of,
in papal schism, 70.
State of
(Martin V.), 322. Great houses
of, ix. 40. States of, under princes,
341.
'ITINERARY of the soul to God,' ix.
139.

JUBILEE (A.D. 1300), vii. 84. Pil-

grims to, 85. Every fiftieth year,
454, 469. Its celebration, 498.
Irregular, proclaimed by Urban VI.,
viii. 65. Held by Boniface IX.,
80. Numerous attendance at
(A.D. 1450), 456.
JUDAISM, its hold at Rome, i. 39, 41.

Displayed in the Clementina, 39.
JUDGMENT, Last, Golias on, ix. 191.
JUDITH, second wife of Louis the Pious,
iii. 122. Accused of adultery, 129.
Compelled to become a nun, 129.
Declared innocent, 132. A prisoner,
137. Restored to her husband, 142.
Reconciles Louis to Lothair, 144.
JULIAN, Emperor, i. 85.
JULIANUS, Bishop of Eclana, founder
of Semi-Pelagianism, i. 161. His
history-deposed by Pope Zosimus,
161, 162. Exile and persecution
of, 164. Last years and death,
165.

400.

JULIUS I., Pope, i. 78, 79.
JURISPRUDENCE, Christian, ii. 1, 3.
JURISPRUDENCE, Ecclesiastical, ii. 62.
JUSTIN, Emperor, his ignorance, i.
400. Adheres to Chalcedonian coun-
cil-closes the forty years' schism,
Persecutes Arians, 409.
JUSTIN II., supersedes Narses, i. 445.
JUSTINIAN, revives greatness of Rome,
i. 416. Character of-subservience
to Empress Theodora, 420. Wars,
422. His conquest of Africa, 425.
Intercourse with Italy, 426, 428.
His conquest of Italy, 431. His
theological interference, 435. Dis-

JUSTINIAN.

putes with Pope Vigilius, 436, 440.
Buildings of, ix. 276.
JUSTINIAN'S code, ii. 5; ix. 277.
Was Christian, ii. 6. Asserts or-
thodoxy-regulations for clergy, 7.
Bishops, 9. Monasteries, 10.
JUSTINIAN'S Institutes, purely Roman,
ii. II. Silence about Christianity,
12. On slavery, 13. On Parental
Power, 16, 25. On Marriage, 17.
On Concubinage, 24. Infanticide,
26. Heresy, 33.
JUSTINIAN II., Emperor, deposed, ii.
335; and restored, 335.
JUSTINIAN, nephew of Justin, assas
sinates Vitalianus, i. 401.
JUVENALIS, Bishop of Jerusalem, i.
206.

Religious

KINGS in Western Europe become
monks, iii. 6.
KIRKSHOT, ii. 281.
KISS of Peace, v. 106.
KNIGHTHOOD, iv. 206.
ceremonies of, 208.
KNIGHTS, the four, of Henry II., v.
121. Their altercation with Becket,
123.
Their
Murder him, 125.
fate, 127.
KORAN, doubts of its authenticity, ii.
175. Becomes intolerant to Jews,
188. Commands war against un-
believers, 194. (See Mohammed-
anism.)

KOREISHITES, the tribe of Moham-
med, ii. 179. Persecute him, 181.

LADISLAUS, King of Naples, his policy,

102.

LATERAN.

at Rome, viii. 95. Repulsed from
Rome, 97. Second attempt, 100.
His influence over Gregory XII.,
Protects
In Rome, 103.
Gregory XII., 126. Occupies
Rome, 126. Defeated at Rocca
Secca, 134. His treaty with John
XXIII., 136. Plunders Rome, 137.
His death, 144.

LAMBERT, Duke of Spoleto, plunders
Rome, iii. 220. Assists John VIII.
against Naples, 221. His violence
to the Pope, 224.
LAMBERT, son of Guido, claims king-
dom of Italy, iii. 239.

LAMBERT, Duke of Tuscany, iii. 239.
Seized and blinded by Hugh of Pro-
vence, 298.

LAMBERT of Hertzfield, ix. 194.
LANDOWNERS, ecclesiastical, ix. 16.
LANFRANC opposes Berengar, iii. 391.
At Bec, 390. Made Primate of
England, 390. His death, v. 16.
LANGLAND, supposed author of Piers
Ploughman's Vision, ix. 234.
LANGTON, Simon, Archbishop of York,
v. 300.

LANGTON, Stephen, made Archbishop
of Canterbury by Pope, v. 270.
Rejected by King John, 272. Heads
Barons' party, 289. Resists Papal
legate, 292. His conduct in con-
test with Barons, 295. At Rome,
299. Supports Dominicans, vi. 20.
LANGUAGES, new, favour religious
movement, vi. 6. Modern, ix, 195,
346. English, 195. Italian, 199.
Romance and Teutonic, 221.
LANGUE d'Oil, ix. 217.
LANGUEDOC, heresies in, v.

403.

Manners of, 405. State of, 406.
LANZO of Milan, iii. 437.
LAPSI, controversy about, at Carthage,
i. 61. At Rome, 61. Spanish
Bishops among the, 68.
LATERAN Council (Second), iii. 425.
Settles Papal elections, 425. Con-
demns Berengar of Tours, 427.

LATIN,

(Third), scene at, iv. 75, 293.
Under Innocent II., 321. Decrees
of, 322, 323. Condemns Arnold of
Brescia, 379. (Fourth), v. 452.
Secret history of, 453.

LATIN Christendom, churches iu, ix.
268.

LATIN Christianity compared with
Greek, i. 6, 7. Its main contro-
versy, that of grace and free will, 8.
Its Imperial character, 9. Its centre
the Roman Pontificate, 20. Unity

of its history, 21. Epochs in its
history, 21-25. Arose in Africa,
35. Tertullian, its first great
writer, 35. Cyprian, its parent,
59. Unity of, gradually established,
67. Its dominion arose away from
Rome, IOI. Was anti-Pelagian-
its tendency to predestinarianism,
147; and to sacerdotalism, 149.
Indifferent to Eastern disputes, 176.
Its three great Fathers-its two
first founders, 283. Germany con-
verted to, ii. 307.
At Constanti-

nople, v. 349. Weakness of, vi. I.
Culminates, viii, 449. Its appointed
work, 449. Learned age of, 473.
Its strength and vitality, ix. 51.
Influence of, in France, 212. Se-
cession from, 212. Authority of,
weakened, 213. Its enduring power,
35I. Its strength and weakness,
353.
Its intolerance-objective-
ness of, 354. Tendencies of, 356.
LATIN Church, separation of, from
Greek, i. 74. In Constantinople, v.
364. Jealousies in, 366.
LATIN Empire. See Empire.
LATIN language, prevalence of, in
Western Church, i. 9; ii. 67. Use
of, in the Church, iii. 256. Uni-
versal language, ix. 28. Maintained
by Christianity, 98. Has discharged
its mission, 196. Late, barbarism
of, 204. Religious terms in, 222.
Disuse of, 346.

LATIN monasticism, energy of, i. 7.
LATIN race retains its hold on Church,

73.

LEGATES, preachers of crusade, iii. 25.
At Besançon, iv. 418. Of Alex-
ander III., Becket's appearance be-
fore, v. 89. Meet Henry II., 91.
Their inhibition against Becket, 92.
Their contest
In Germany, 222.
with Provençal heresy, 410. Their
demands on Count Raymond, 438.
In England, vi. 81, 84. Peaceful
character of, ix. 30.

LEGACIES to the Roman Church, i.
90.

LEGENDS, growth of, and importance,
ii. 149.
Were not mere frauds,
158. Of Saints, ix. 83. Popular,
Latinised, 169. Represented in
action, 179.
LEGNANO, battle of, v. 141.
LEICESTER, Wycliffism at, viii. 206.
LEO I., Pope, the Great, his preaching,
i. 35. His pontificate and greatness,
228. His early distinction and elec-
tion, 229.
Preaches on Roman
supremacy, 231. Character of his
sermons, 232. Denounces Mani-
cheans, 234. His contest with

LEO.

Hilarius, Bishop of Arles, 247.
His letter to Bishops of Vienne,
249. His authority upheld by Val-
entinian III., 249. Appealed to in
Eutychian question, 259. His letter
to Flavianus against Eutyches, 262.
Rejects sentence of Ephesian Synod,
264. His letter read at Chalcedon,
267
His adulation of Eastern
Emperors-ambassador to Attila,
273. Success of his embassy, 275.
Goes to meet Genseric, 278. His
death, 282.

LEO II., ii. 333.
LEO III., iii. 51. Attempt to mu-
tilate-his visit to Charlemagne,
52. Clears himself of charges, 55.
Crowns Charlemagne emperor, 56.
His alliance with Charlemagne, 58.
His magnificence, 109. His danger
from insurrection, 109. His death,
115.

man fortifications, 152.
LEO V., iii. 284.

LEO VIII., made Pope by Otho I., iii.
311. Dies, 314.
LEO IX. (Bruno), Bishop of Toul-his
piety, iii. 367. His pilgrimage to
Rome, 368. His election and re-
forms, 369. Visitation beyond the
Alps, 373. His visions, 375.
Visits France, 376. Consecrates
St. Remi's church, holds council of
Rheims, 376. At Mentz, 381.
Returns to Rome, 382. Holds
council at Vercelli, 393. Second
transalpine journey, 395. At Toul,
396. His third journey, 398. His
mediation in Hungarian war re-
jected, 399. Meets Henry III. at
Worms, 400. Marches against
Normans, 403. Letter to Eastern
Emperor, 405. Defeated, 406.
His detention and penance, 407.
His return to Rome, 408. Death
and sanctity, 409.

LEO the Thracian, Emperor, 293.
LEO the Isaurian, early history of, ii.

LIUTPRAND.

350.
Saves Constantinople-per-
secutes Jews and heretics, 351.
Edicts of, against image-worship,
351, 355. Suppresses tumult, 355.
Resisted by Pope and clergy, 357.
His measures against Gregory II.,
424. Expedition to Italy-ship-
wrecked, 427.

LEO IV., Emperor, ii. 383, 384.
LEO the Armenian, his victories, ii.

398. Proscribes image-worship,
400. Murdered by conspirators, 402.
LEODEGAR (St. Leger), Bishop of
Autun, ii. 436. His death, 439.
LEON, affairs of, v. 307. Threatened
with Interdict, 308.
LEONINE city, iii. 152; viii. 476.
LEOPOLD, Imperial Archbishop of
Mentz, v. 224.

LEOPOLD of Austria, vii. 399. His
death, 404.

LEOVIGILD, Arian King of Spain, ii.

122.

LEPAN, battle of, viii. 362.
LETTERS, revival of, ix. 342, 344.
LEPERS, persecution of, vii. 383.
LIBERIUS, Pope, his contest with
Constantius, i. 80. His exile,
82. Restored, 84. Tumults at his
death, 85.

LIBRARY, Vatican, viii. 471, 475.
LIES, Field of, iii. 136.
LIMOUSIN Cardinals, viii. 36.
LINCOLN, battle of, vi. 82. Parlia
ment of, vii. 94.
LINDISFARNE, bishopric of, founded,
ii. 241.

LITERATURE, Christian, ix. 98.
LIUTPOLD, Archbishop of Mentz, iii.
401. Insults Leo IX., 402.
LIUTPRAND, King of Lombards, ii.

417. Takes Ravenna, 419. Marches
to Rome, 422. Quarrels with Gre-
gory III., 429. His interview with
Grants
Pope Zacharias, iii. 3.
peace, 4. Attacks the Exarchate,
4. Abandons his conquests, 6.
His death, 8.