tincture of myrrh and aloes to the ear, and uled no other remedy. I had the pleasure to see the caries diminish by degrees, and the cure completed in about fix months, without any fenfible exfoliation. The auditory paffage, however, of this ear continues to be much wider and deeper than that of the other; and it is totally deaf, fo that the fharpeft and loudest founds make not the leaft impreflion up on it. All phyfical writers allow, that worms will breed in the ear; and fome have made particular obfervations upon it. Many patients to whom this accident has happened, have recovered perfectly by the mere efforts of nature: but it is not likely that my patient would have been fo fortunate. I have contented myself with a plain relation of facts; I thall leave others to reafon upon them, who have more time and abilities. They may, if they pleafe, endeavour to account for the periodical fuppreflion and flowing of the purulent matter; to fix the moment when these worms were originally produced, and to determine their nature. I with they may fucceed; but I am not able to hope it. Gent. Mag. Mr UREAN, January 1765. THE author of the new Eijay on Hufbandry has given us a caution to be upon our guard against the French, left thofe bufy and induftrious neighbours of ours fhould outftrip us in a point we have always piqued ourselves upon, with undoubted fuperiority; and that is, the right culture of land. The author I refer to, having enumerated the royal premiums given in France, for the advancement of agriculture; their two and thirty focieties for the fame purcannot conceive how, from the corruption of the feed of a plant, another plant can be produced; we have fuppofed, therefore, vegetation to be mere expanfion; and, onfequently, each feed of a tree to contain the future tree, and all its leaves, and flowers, and fruit, and feed, with all their trees, leaves, flowers, and fruit, and feed, to proper infinity, and io two feeds to contain two proper infinities; which, however, can be equal but to one infinite, for that which is infinite cannot be more It feems therefore that we are continually fubfiituting a tortoife under the clephant that fupports the earth, without confidering what is te fupport the tortsite; and cjc&ing one fuppofition as unaccountabic while we admit another equally unaccountable in its room. ple; their new laws, privileges, and This artful nation, amongst other poin to be gained, took care betimes to fecu Madame de Pompadour in the intereft reviving hufbandry; and, what is mor fucceeded in the attempt. The fair la foon was miftrefs of her pafture-fields a dairies; husbandry became the langua of the court; and the Du Hamels a De Tourvilles were admitted to t toilet. The Dedication I am fpeaking of is follows; and I here fend you a tranf tion of it, because the book, to which is prefixed, is scarce in England, andl tle known. To MADAME DE POMPADOUR. MADAM, fuge under your protection, you have d Amongst the arts that have taken r tinguifhed Agriculture, for two reason fit, as the most interesting occupatiwe have; and, fecondly, as the most m glected. You have been grieved to fe that industry fhould employ itself so mu on matters of elegance and luxury, a the effential and decifive object of pub pay at the fame time fo little regard the art of cultivating the earth has alwa happiness. Every thing that advanc commanded your attention. The prepoffeffions and prejudices of whole nation have not been able to vi fy an art, which appears in your eyes be a most respectable profeflion, the ving and vital fource of riches, as we as the frength and profperity of eve country. Heaven, when it gave you a elevated and beneficent foul, proportion ed the ftrength of your understanding the goodness of your heart: you love th well being of mankind, and see it in ti greatest and trueft lights. which we call agreeable, owe their fa vourable reception to you, because y made them of polical ufe, and gave the a lecret, but intimate connection wit thofe first caufes which render a kingdo happy and flourishing. The ar If fuch have been your views in ar of fimple ornament only, with what al tention muft you confider the art of hu bandry, which, properly speaking, is ev ran's bulinefs, and every man's on? An art, which, in effet, is the went and fupporter of other arts; for v are all her dependents, and live upher bounty! An art, I fav, without shefe affiftance, only a few men would left upon the globe; and thofe few Fight contend with the tiger for animal , and with the wild boar for acorns! It is impotlible, without aftonishment, lee the importance of agriculture on the one hand, and the neglect of it on the other hand. You, Madam, comprehend to the full both fides of the quehen. You apply to Truth, and encourige her to answer you. There are not wanting patriots of exated genius, who have reached out their hand to the laborious husband man, and endeavoured to raise his fpirits by their kind affistance. But fpeculation is use les, where-ever things are not to be praced. Nothing can enrich the husband but the art of producing rich crops. There is no fecret for making the fields fruitful, but effectually dividing and pulverifing the foil; there must be cattle to prepare the earth, by ploughing, &c. and flocks to manure it. Add to this, there must be an eafy and advantageous commerce; a reimbursement of the farmer's expences and capital stock, and a compence for his care and labour. It is my misfortune, Madam, that I an not permitted to explain to you all tele elementary principles of political eronomy in full detail: you would then fee the profits of the productions of the earth divide themselves into two parts in the hands of the cultivator; namely, the expence of culture, and the money gainThe former is diftributed amongst the working poor, and the latter (being the wealth of the husbandman) circulates by degrees through every clafs of men in the whole kingdom. You would fee, Madam, thefe very riches, after having given life to commerce, population, and indaftry, return once more to the hands of the cultivator, who will employ them ain in reproducing fuch fort of crops as erailed before. It is the fulness of this Periodical reflux that enriches any kingdam at the fountain-head, and affords fuccefive and never-failing fupplies: and again, when this circulation is weaken ed, interrupted, or turned into another channel, then the constitution may be had to be exhaufted. But a fpecification of all thefe particu lars may be ufelefs to one who comprehends the fyftem of public good in all its relative views, as well as in its full extent. You are contented, Madam, to give the great maxim of Suily an entire poffeffion over your mind; namely, "That the revenues of a nation are never fixed and certain, till the country is peopled with wealthy husbandinen: That the gifts of the earth are the only goods that are inexhaustible; and that all things flourish in a state where agriculture flourifhes." Laftly, if the nature of the times* admits not the revival of this useful art, yet thus much must be faid, that mens minds were never more favourably inclined towards it. **** I have the honour to be, Madam, with the most prefound respect, your most humble and most obedient fervant, PATULLO. SIR, Aberdeen, Jan. 1765. Have obferved in your paper, several effays and remarks on banking and paper money. Although I do not pretend to understand a great deal of these matters, or to have more fagacity than my neighbours; yet I will venture to make a few remarks on the state of paper-currency in Scotland; efpecially on the two banks at Edinburgh, as they are certainly of the greatest confequence. If I am not mistaken, the great and unufual demand for fpecie made for fome years paft, was principally occafioned by the premium on London bills getting up to three and four per cent.; and that again was chiefly owing to the fending mo ney to London to be employed in the funds. I fay, London bills being got up to four per cent. premium, was the occafion of the first great run on the Edinburgh banks for cath: becaufe no body would chufe to pay fuch a premium, therefore they changed their bank-notes into fpecie, and tranfinitted the fame to their correfpondents, This practice of getting money from the banks, to answer their credit at London, was the introduction to a worse, that of fending away the cath, and drawing for it again once every three weeks; fo that a perfon might turn his money, by this method, at least fixteen times in the year; which, at three per cent. is 48 1. gained by exchange, for each rool. em• This was written during the last war in the year 1758. ployed ployed [xxvi. 91.] in this kind of traffick, yearly. This, no doubt, was the occasion of the Edinburgh banks using or taking the berefit of the optional claufe, to pay in fix months; which certainly was a bold step, and, the world may fee, was taken through mere neceflity. But had the banks, at this time, thought of another method, (which I fhall endeavour by and by to point out), I am per fuaded it would, in the end, have anfwered their purpofe fully better, and faved them both trouble and expence. What I have hinted at above is, that the banks fhould become bill-merchants (I know fome will fay, that they are fo already) to fome confiderable extent. By this means they would be able, at all times, to keep the exchange low betwixt Edinburgh and London; and this would, in a very great meafure, prevent any run upon them for fpecie. Suppofing a perfon comes to them for cafh, they then offer a draught on London, at a fhort date, and a fmail premium; or, perhaps, a bill at 50 or 60 days par; this perfon will very probably prefer fuch a bill to money. So that in general this may be taken for granted; and, of confequence, that if the banks can draw on Londen, at fhort dates, with out any great lols to themfelves, then their great difficulty is over. We must next fall upon fome method to accomplish this; for they feem of themfelves to have very little contrivance *: I fhall therefore fuppofe, that each bank purchafes bills on London to the extent of 100,oco l. at 90 days date, for which it is fuppofed they pay no premium: they give their own bank-notes for thele bills; which, when once matters are put upon a proper footing, will bear no intereft. In 40 days after buying thefe bills, they can draw for what part of the money is wanted at 50 days date; which we fhall fuppofe they fell for par, to thofe who want cath for their notes. By this method they keep the calh in their coffers, and lofe nothing by the tranfaction. O ther bill-merchants (who, in Edinburgh, flyle themselves bankers) are by no means on a footing with the banks; for this obvious reafon, that they do not iffue notes; and, confequently, when long-dated bills are lying by them, the interest is running [Modeftly faid, by one who does not pretend to understand a great deal of these matters.] on; and therefore they cannot deal that article on equal terms with the ban if they were to push this matter with p per spirit. Although, at first, they sho lofe a trifle; yet they would foon find th account in it; as it will, in a great m fure, remove the occasion of bringing í cie from other places, at an expence a risk not inconfiderable. Some may be apt to think, that I h been already too particular; therefor fall for the prefent leave the fubject thofe most interested in it, to make w ufe they may think proper of the pre ding hints, which are, at least, well tended. Befides, the banks fhould conftar have it in their eye, to give all due couragement to fuch manufacturers, others, who, by their way of dealing, able to vend their goods in England, any where out of Scotland. This is way to turn the balance of trade in your of our country. Till this fhall h pen, it cannot be expected that we have any great abundance of real mo to the north of Tweed. I intended to have fubjoined a thoughts on stock-jobbing and bank as practifed by the Edinburgh bill-m chants, who have, in a great measure, groffed the remaining currency of country; but perceiving this letter has ready exceeded the limits I had preferit I fhall not meddle with that at prefe but remain, &c. CHRISTOPHER CRABTREE " jun P. S. I hope in fome future letter make it appear, that illuing small note 20, 10, and 5 thillings, has been one the chief caufes of draining the filver f this country; and at prelent think no notes fhould be issued under five pou Sterling. In the mean time, fuch trading c panies, as deal in 5 and 10 fhilling no ought to find fecurity to pay them in dinburgh, as well as at the places wi iffued; and the notes of such persons companies as neglect to give public no in the news-rapers, where they, will taken at Edinburgh, ought to be ref in all payments; otherwife the poor, wary, and ignorant, may be grofsly in fed upon. Edin. Adv. [A pame affumed by a writer in the don Chronicle.] To the author of the SCOTS MAGAZINE. SIR, Edinburgh, Jan. 31. Have just now read a letter dated at Aberdeen, and figned Christopher Crabtree junior. This author's intention is, I doubt not, very good; and fo far he has acquitted himself of his duty to the public, by fuggefting what occurred to him on the fubject of banking. But had the gentleman lived in Edinburgh, and, beEdes his own accurate obfervation of what has parted here, received information from the directors of our banks what their opinion was in regard to the rife of exchange; -their reafons for taking the benefit of the optional claufe; -the different methods they took for preventing both thefe: -and could he, farther, have known the Various arts which rival companies, and private perfons of almost every denomination, (fome of those called bankers in Edinburgh not excepted); what arts, I fay, they bave made use of, and all from motives of felf-interest, to fruftrate every cheme which could be devised, either for preventing or removing most of the evils we presently complain of, he would not have fo readily accufed our directors of ry little contrivance, nor boasted fo condently of his own. To be brief, the above-mentioned writer propofes, "That the banks fhould become bill-merchants to fome confiderable extent;" and "by this means," fays he, they would be able, at all times, to keep the exchange low betwixt Edinburgh nd London; and this would, in a very great mealure, prevent any run upon them for fpecie:"-further, that "if the banks can draw on London, at fhort dates, withut any great lofs to themselves, then their great difficulty is over." Our auther next fuppofes, that all this may be accomplished, by each of our banks purchafing bills on London to the extent of 100,000l. at 90 days date; and in forty days after fuch purchase, that they fhould drew for what part of the money is wanted at 50 days date: and by this method, e fuppofes," they would keep the cath their coffers, and lofe nothing by the tranfaction." After offering a fingle remark, I hall, to avoid altercation, finish all that I think it further neceffary to say on this fubject at prefent in a few questions; which, if they can be answered to the fatisfaction of the gentlemen concerned in the direction of our Edinburgh banks, (with whom VOL. XXVII. 29 and fo as to render feasible the fcheme men, could the banks obtain to the ex- -- 2. Could they find even 50,000 1. withther to fupport credit, out applying to fuch perfons as draw, eitranfa&tion? -or at least upon credit, with the view of profit on such lue must foon be reimbursed by new bills In either way, this va on London: and is not the natural and immediate effect of this, a start in the premium of exchange, in fonie fort of proportion to the fum wanted for remittances? than I apprehended it is, to collect a large 3. Suppofing it were an easier matter in lieu of Edinburgh bank-notes, does it fum of unexceptionable bills on London, equal fum in fpecie to these banks? - Is therefore follow, that this would fave an any perfon poffeffed of bank-notes obliged to accept of bills on London, payable could better ferve his purpose ? - Are at any date, from the banks, when specie there not fome companies who would readily give a premium for fpecie brought to their hand, without asking questions, whether brought from a distant place, or drawn der defigning and felfith men, who draw out of our banks? What is there to hinbills on London at 90 days date, to convert into fpecie the notes received from fore the period aligned by Mr Crabtree, the bank for fuch bills, and this long befor the banks to give out bills on London instead of fpecie? at, from the banks turning bill-merchants, 4. If the confequences already hinted thould fo far take place, that they meet with no encouragement either to indorse or draw bills at 50 days date, what are they then to do with the large purchase of London bills?-It may be antwered, -Remit them, and bring down fpecie: E and and in the mean time continue to purchafe more long-dated bills, in hopes of better fuccefs. May not the holders of thofe very notes which were given out for the last purchase, be ready to demand the specie returned for the first, as soon as it arrives; and this without the lofs of a day's interest to the perfons who might make fuch demands, because they might have the value lying ready in their own or friend's calh-accounts with the banks during the interval? I wish it could be faid, that this were only a poffi ble cafe, and not what has actually happened. But, That Mr Crabtree's scheme may have a fair trial, let us fuppofe, in the last place, that the banks, inftead of fpecie, could iffue bills on London at 50 days date; and this to any extent, to the utmost at Jeaft of that fum which they could obtain on bills at 90 days date: - Does it there. fore follow, that lefs fpecie would be demanded of them than what for the time might be fufficient to fupply all the wants of every private bank, banker, and thopkeeper, through Scotland, not to men tion English riders? Would not fuch a fcheme tend to raise the exchange, and of course increase the demands for specie? -Would not fuch a fcheme, if publicly avowed, fubject the banks to supply, with out diftinction or limitation, the wants of every one in refpect alfo to bills on London, in payment of the bank-notes they could by any means command for that purpofe?-Might not the very perfons who drew to the banks at 90 days date, fall upon effectual, though hidden, methods of drawing back from the banks their own bills when they had only 50 days to run, -or the bank's draughts in lieu of them, by which the latter would juft lofe forty days interest? Upon the whole, until better informed, I must fufpect Mr Crabtree's scheme impracticable. I am, &c. A Friend to Public Credit. The FORCE of NATURE : A delicate little narrative from Mr LANGHORNE's correspondence between THE ODOSIUS and CONSTANTIA, before that Lady took the veil. THEODOSIUS to CONSTANTIA. WIll my beautiful friend forgive me, then, if I fuppofe that judgment to have been bribed by enthufialin, when the concluded, that by living alone, the thould lige agreeably to nature! I am fenfible, Madam, that by this y meant no more than that such a mode life would exempt you from thofe exte nal temptations, thofe idle luxuries a follies, which are apt to make us devia from the paths of truth and fimplici - But did you confider, that to live lone, is to live contrary to nature? state of folitude is not the natural state man: The arguments I thould ma ufe of to prove this are old and obviou That I may be lefs unentertaining, ther fore, while I mean to fet before you t inconveniencies attending your scheme life, I will give you a fhort account of lady of my own family, who formed t fame refolutions, and put them in pra tice. Thus her ftory is related in a manufcri ftill preferved among the family-paper EUDOCIA, an only daughter, was b up under the auspices of Altheria, a la equally diftinguished by her piety as Christian, and her affection as a pare The temper and genius of the daught were naturally warm and fufceptible: offices and duties of religion had habitu ly infpired her with fuch a zealous a fervent devotion, that the seemed to ha no happiness that did not flow from th exercifes and attentions which religion quired. Her knowledge of books was little, human nature lefs. She had, notwi ftanding, conceived an infinite conter for that world, to which fhe was utterl ftranger; and concluded, that to er into the interefts and engagements of ciety, would be a voluntary facrifice vice and folly. Eudocia was in natural good fenfe, be ty, and a sweetness of difpofition, equ led by few women of her time. Ti qualities engaged the affections of Alp nor, a gentleman whofe genius and netration gave him a kind of intui knowledge of the human heart. He concluded, that every attempt introduce Eudocia to the world, or t ftablish the focial life in her good opini would be in vain. He knew that it w be fruitless to argue with her on the p fures fhe had never known, and the feries the had never experienced. — therefore, did not expatiate, either on advantages of fociety, or the incor niences of folitude; for fuch had been condition of Eudocia's life, that, as the was, in a great measure, a strange both. |