THE BRITISH PARLIAMENT 5 & 6. - New Royal Title. -Definitive Treaty of Luneville. Preparations in England against the Maritime Confederacy. Measures of the Northern Powers.- Prussian Occupation of Hanover -British Fleet sent to the Baltic, and Nelson's Victory at Copenhagen. - Death of the Emperor Paul, and succession of Alexander. - Convention of Petersburgh between Russia and Great Britain, acceded to by the other Members of the Confederacy. — Expedition to Egypt under Sir R. Abercrombie. - Battle before Alexandria. Cairo taken, and the French finally expelled from Egypt. - First Imperial Parliament opened. Speech from the Throne. -- The King's Return of Indisposition.-Dissolution of the Pitt Ministry, and Succession of that of Mr. Addington. - Measures for preserving the Public Peace in Great Britain and Ireland. Indemnity Bill passed. Act declaring the Ineligibility to Parliament of Persons in Holy Orders. parations in France for Invasion, and in England for Defence. Naval Actions.-Ineffectual Attacks on the Boulogne Flotilla.-War declared against Portugal by Spain. - Its Events and Conclusion, by which the Ports of Portugal were shut against British Ships.Treaty between France and Portugal. -Madeira occupied by the English.- Preliminaries signed between Great Britain and France. Autumnal Session of Parliament. - Mr. Pitt's Declaration in favour of Peace.- Northern Convention discussed. Lord Cornwallis sent Ambassador plenipotentiary to France. - French expedition to St. Domingo. Mutiny of the fleet at Bantry Bay. - Mr. Jefferson elected President of the United States. -Pre - ON January 1st a proclamation was issued declaring the King's pleasure concerning the royal style and titles, and armorial ensigns, hereafter to be used as appertaining to the imperial crown of Great Britain and Ireland. The regal title was expressed, in Latin by the words "Georgius tertius, Dei gratia, Britanniarum Rex, Fidei defensor:" in English by those of "George the Third, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, King, defender of the Faith." Thus was judiciously relinquished the title of King of France, long a frivolous assumption, and now wholly unworthy of the real greatness of the British throne. In honour of the union with Ireland, many new titles were conferred on the nobility of that country, and several of them were created peers of the United Kingdom. After the expiration of the second armistice between the French and Austrians in December, the campaign in Italy was renewed with great vigour by the French, who pushed the Austrians beyond the Adige, took Verona, Trent, and various other places, and were only withheld from farther advance by a new armistice signed at Treviso on January 16th. This was followed by the definitive treaty of peace between the two powers concluded at Luneville on the 9th of February. By its articles, the whole left bank of the Rhine, from the place where it leaves the Helvetic territory, to that where it enters the Batavian territory, was confirmed to France. The Emperor was left in possession of all the former Venetian territory ceded to him by the treaty of Campo Formio, the Adige being made its boundary. The independence of the Batavian, Helvetic, Cisalpine, and Ligurian republics was mutually guaranteed by the two powers, the Emperor ceding all the rights which he possessed before the war upon the two latter. The Duke of Tuscany renounced, for himself and his successors, the grand duchy of Tuscany and the part of the Isle of Elba dependent upon it, to the Duke of Parma, for which he was to receive a full indemnity in Germany. Peace being thus restored on the European continent, the most important point in its political state remaining to be settled, related to that maritime confederacy of the northern powers, the direct object of which was to annul the marine code maintained by England, and by which she arrogated a kind of naval dominion. This confederacy, openly declared at the close of the last year, occupied the serious attention of the British mi nistry; and on January 14th an embargo was laid on all the ships in British ports belonging to any of the confederate powers, Prussia excepted, and letters of marque were issued for the capture of their vessels at sea. A note was at the same time delivered to the Danish and Swedish ambassadors, explaining the reason of this procedure, and endeavouring to bring back their courts to their former amicable relations; but in the answers returned, a resolution was expressed of persisting in their attempts to liberate neutral commerce, and they retaliated by an embargo on English shipping in their ports. With Prussia, a negotiation was for some time carried on by the British ministry with the hope of prevailing upon her to abandon a coalition, her adherence to which, it was foreseen, would endanger the King's German dominions; but it proved unsuccessful. On March 30th, the King of Prussia notified to the electoral college of Hanover his intention not only to shut the mouths of the Elbe, Weser, and Ems, but to take possession of the states belonging to the King of England in Germany, and demanded the disarming of the Hanoverian troops; with which requisition the regency of Hanover found it expedient to comply. The Prussian troops then entered the Hanoverian territory, and an embargo was laid upon the English shipping, but those which were laden with corn were suffered to depart. About the same time a body of Danish troops took possession of Hamburg, for the alleged purpose of stopping' the British trade to that port. The matter in dispute being now brought to the decision of arms, an English fleet of 18 ships of the line, 4 frigates, and a number of bomb-vessels and gunboats, and having on board some regiments of marines and riflemen, was sent to the Baltic under the command of Admiral Parker and Vice-Admiral Nelson. Great preparations on the other hand were made to guard the passage of the Sound on both the Danish and Swedish side, and to protect all the approaches to Copenhagen. On March 30th, the British fleet passed that Strait with no considerable resistance, and anchored near the Isle of Huen. The whole fleet of Denmark was thence seen stationed in the road of Copenhagen, and flanked by very powerful batteries, both on land and floating. An attack on this formidable force, committed, at his request, to Lord Nelson, took place, on April 2d, with 12 ships of the line, and all the frigates and smaller vessels of the fleet. The action, which was supported with the greatest courage on both sides, was very sanguinary. It was yet raging, when Nelson, perceiving his success certain, and regretting the loss of so many brave men, sent a proposal for a truce to the Prince Royal of Denmark, and landed, himself, to adjust the terms of conciliation. At this period the whole of the Danish line to the southward of the Crown Islands, consisting of 17 sail, were sunk, burnt, or taken. Three of the English ships of the line, which had grounded, were exposed to the fire of the Crown batteries, which circumstance, doubtless, quickened Nelson's efforts to put an end to the carnage. From his own account, the battle of Copenhagen was the most dreadful that he had ever witnessed. The succeeding armistice was the termination of hostilities in the Baltic, for an event had already taken place which altered the whole state of affairs in the north. The Emperor Paul, whose actions had long denoted insanity, and who was become intolerable to his subjects, and dangerous to those about him, was hurled from his throne by the only mode of deposition practicable under a despotic monarchy; and on March 22d, it was announced that he was found dead in his bed. His son and successor Alexander immediately declared for the laws and political system of his august grandmother; and one of his first acts was to liberate, and bring back from their places of confinement, all the British mariners belonging to the sequestrated ships. Negotiations were entered upon with the court of London, and on June 17th, a convention was signed at Petersburgh, by Lord St. Helens and the Russian ministers, in which all disputes were adjusted. The two other northern powers acceded to the same terms of agreement, by which were obtained a limitation and explicit definition of the right of search and the principle of blockade, and a reduction of articles considered as contraband of war, to those of real military or naval ammunition. The Danish troops evacuated Hamburg, the navigation of the German rivers was restored, and the court of Berlin engaged to evacuate Bremen and Hanover after certain arrangements had been made. A powerful effort for the recovery of Egypt from the French having been determined on by the British ministry, an armament for that purpose was prepared in the latter part of the preceding year. Near the end of December, an army of between 17 and 18,000 men, under the command of Sir Ralph Abercrombie, arrived from Malta at Marmorice, on the coast of Caramania, where the troops were landed for refreshment. Being re-embarked, they arrived at the port of Aboukir on March 2d. The state of the weather prevented their landing till the 8th, when it was effected with great intrepidity in the face of a vigorous resistance, and not without considerable loss. Advancing against the French posted at some distance from Alexandria, a severe and indecisive action ensued on the 13th. Fort Aboukir capitulated on the 19th; and on the 20th, General Menou arriving from Cairo, the whole of the French disposable force was concentrated at Alexandria. Before day-light on the next morning he ordered an attack on the British army, which brought on a long and obstinate engagement, ending in a complete repulse of the French, who lost the greatest part of their famous corps named the Invincibles. The loss of the British was considerable, and was greatly aggravated by the mortal wound received by their excellent commander, who here terminated a long series of brilliant services. An auxiliary body of Turks afterwards arrived; and Rhamanieh being taken by General Hutchinson, who had succeeded to the command of the British, the French retreated to Cairo. The united army then advancing to that city, it capitulated on |