The Theory of Strains in Girders and Similar Structures: With Observations of the Application of Theory to Practice, and Tables of the Strength and Other Properties of MaterialsD. Van Nostrand, 1873 - 632 Seiten |
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angle apex apices arch Blaenavon Boyne Viaduct breadth breaking weight calculated cast-iron centre span component cross section cross-girders crushing strength cylinder depth diameter distance Ditto end pillars equal equation experiments feet long flexure following table fracture Hence Hodgkinson's horizontal elastic forces horizontal strains inch-strain iron lattice girder left abutment loaded uniformly lower flange main girders maximum strains method of moments neutral axis passing load permanent load plates points of inflexion Portland cement pressure proportion quantity of material R₁ railway reaction represent resistance resultant rivet Rolled bars running foot sectional area segment semi-girder shearing-strain side span solid rectangular spandrils square inch steel strains produced Strength of Materials struts Taking moments round Tearing weight tensile strain tensile strength theoretic thickness timber tons per square transverse strain triangles truss tube uniformly distributed unit-strain upper flange vertical W₁ wall-plate weight per square wrought-iron
Beliebte Passagen
Seite 470 - The magnitude of the blow in each set of experiments being made greater or smaller, as occasion required. The general result obtained was, that when the blow was powerful enough to bend the bars through one-half of their ultimate deflection (that is to say, the deflection which corresponds to their fracture by dead pressure), no bar was able to stand 4000 of such blows in succession ; but all the bars (when sound) resisted the effects of 4000 blows, etch bending them through one-third of their ultimate...
Seite 306 - Heated steel by being plunged into oil instead of water is not only considerably hardened but toughened by the treatment. 39. Steel plates hardened in oil and joined together with rivets are fully equal in strength to an unjointed soft plate, or the loss of strength by riveting is more than counterbalanced by the increase in strength by hardening in oil. 40. Steel rivets fully larger in diameter than those used in riveting iron plates of the same thickness being found to be greatly too small for...
Seite 472 - In wrought-iron bars no very perceptible effect was produced by 10,000 successive deflections by means of a revolving cam, each deflection being due to half the weight which, when applied statically, produced a large permanent flexure.
Seite i - The THEORY of STRAINS in GIRDERS and similar Structures, with Observations on the application of Theory to Practice, and Tables of the Strength and other Properties of Materials. By BINDON B.
Seite 249 - Thus, of three cylindrical pillars, all of the same length and diameter, the first having both its ends rounded, the second with one end rounded and one flat, and the third with both ends flat, the strengths are as 1, 2, 3, nearly.
Seite 243 - ... occurred in vertical planes, splitting up the specimen in all directions; cracks were noticed to form some time before the specimen finally gave way ; then these rapidly increased in number, splitting the glass into innumerable irregular prisms of the same height as the cube; finally, these bent or broke, and the pressure, no longer bedded on a firm surface, destroyed the specimen.
Seite 470 - A heavy ball was suspended by a wire eighteen feet long from the roof, so as to touch the centre of the side of the bar. By drawing this ball out of the vertical position at right angles to the length of the bar, in the manner of a pendulum, to any required distance, and suddenly releasing it, it could be made to strike a horizontal blow upon the bar; the magnitude of which could be regulated at pleasure, either by varying the size of the ball or the distance from which it was released.
Seite 307 - ... increased. 64. The density of iron is decreased by being drawn out under a tensile strain, instead of increased, as believed by some. 65. The most highly converted steel does not, as some may suppose, possess the greatest density. 66. In cast-steel the density is much greater than in puddled-steel, which is even less than in some of the superior descriptions of wrought-iron. The foregoing extracts afford the reader but a meagre idea of Mr. Kirkaldy's laborious researches, and the student who...
Seite 306 - ... water is hardened, and the breaking strain, when gradually applied, increased, but at the same time it is rendered more liable to snap. 44. Iron, like steel, is softened, and the breaking strain reduced, by being heated and allowed to cool slowly. 45. Iron subject to the cold-rolling process hae its breaking strain greatly increased by being made extremely hard, and not by being " consolidated,
Seite 431 - Ibs. is sufficient to produce fracture if passed over them at the rate of 30 miles an hour. It also appeared that when motion was given to the load, the points of greatest deflection, and, still more, of the greatest strains, did not remain in the centre of the bars, but were removed nearer to the remote extremity of the bar. The bars, when broken by a travelling load, were always fractured at points beyond their centres, and often broken into four or five pieces, thus indicating the great and unusual...