inch-meal (ii. 2. 3), by inches. Compounded of inch<O.E. ynce, with mutation from Lat. uncia, and meal<O.E. mælum, dat. plu. of mæl, piece. Cf. piece-meal. inherit (iv. 1. 154), possess< O.F. enheriter< Lat. hereditare, 'to become heir to'. It often has the sense of 'possess' in poetry in E.E. by transfer from an act to its sequel. kibe (ii. 1. 266), chilblain. Welsh cibwst = cib-gwst, compounded from cib, a cup, and gust, a humour, malady; hence a 'cup-like malady', from the rounded form. The English word has preserved only the syllable cib, rejecting the latter syllable (Skeat). lakin (iii. 3. 1). See note. lieu (i. 2. 123), literally 'place <Lat. locum. Hence in lieu of= 'in place of', 'instead of', and thus in return for '. main-course (i. 1. 32). See note. manage (i. 2. 70), management. Originally, like its immediate source, O.F. manège, a technical term for the management of horses. Cf. 1 Henry IV., ii. 3. 52: "Speak terms of manage to thy bounding steed". mantle (v. 1. 67), cover with a scum; cf. filthy-mantled pool' (iv. 1. 182). The verb is formed from the subs. mantle, a cloak or covering; M. E. mantel, O. F. mantel Lat. mantellum, a napkin or covering. marmoset (ii. 2. 157), a small American monkey. The name, however, is older than the discovery of America, as Maundeville mentions "apes, marmozettes, babewynes". O. F. marmoset, translated by Cotgrave, "the cock of a cistern or fountain, any antick image from whose teats water trilleth, any puppet or antick". " Thus it meant a grotesque creature, orig. a grotesque ornament on a fountain. Formed by a Parisian change of r to s, as in chaise for chaire (a chair), from Low Lat. marmoretum, a thing made in marble, applied to fountains. At the same time, the transference in sense from 'drinkingfountain' to 'ape' was certainly helped on by confusion with F. marmot, a marmoset or little monkey" (Skeat). meddle (i. 2. 22), mix, mingle. M.E. medlen, O.F. medler<Low Lat. misculare, Lat. miscere. merely (i. 1. 50), entirely, absolutely< Lat. merus, pure. minion (iv. I. 98), favourite. <F. mignon, dainty, pleasing, kind. Same root as O. H. G. minna, 'memory', 'love', whence minnesinger singer of love. moe (ii. 1. 127), more. "M.E. ma, mo, O.E. má, mæ, to mára, 'greater'; used (1) as a neut. subst., (2) as adv. The former usage, in which it was often coupled with a partitive gen., as 'ma manna, a greater number of men', i.e. 'more men', led to the E. E. use, in which it was treated as the comp. of many, while more remained the comp. of much" (Herford). moon-calf (ii. 2. 100), an abortion, a monstrosity, a person or conception influenced by the moon. mow (ii. 2. 9), make grimaces. F. moue, a mouth, a pouting face. O. Du. mouwe, the protruded underlip in making a grimace. murrain (iii. 2. 76), a plague. M. E. moreine, allied to Ŏ. F. morine, a carcass of a beast< O.F. morir, to die<Lat. mori. pard (iv. 1. 256), panther. passion (i. 2. 391; iv. I. 143), strong emotion of any kind. The word is not confined in E. E. to its modern sense of 'anger', but, like the Lat. passio and Gk. ribos, is used for the 'suffering' of any vehement feeling. patch (iii. 2. 60), paltry fellow, fool. Probably a nickname derived from the fool's patch-like or motley dress. Cf. Midsummer-Night's Dream, iv. I. 215: " man is but a patched fool." Wright, however, connects it with Italian pazzo, 'a fool' or 'idiot'. pertly (iv. 1. 58), briskly. Pert in M.E. is another form of perk (adj.), smart; but in some cases it is short for apert, as in F. malapert, from Lat. male + apertus, 'too open or ready'. The two words became confused, hence the modern meaning 'forward, impudent'. pied (iii. 2. 60), parti-coloured. Used of Trinculo because of the motley dress which he wore as jester. <Pie, a magpie, Lat. pica. pioned (iv. 1. 64). See note. Poor-John (ii. 2. 26), hake, salted, and dried. premises (i. 2. 123), conditions previously made. O.F. premisse, <Lat. praemissa (sententia being understood), 'a condition sent or stated beforehand'. prevent (i. 2. 350), forestall, and so interfere with. In E.E. the original meaning of the word, 'anticipation', rather than 'interference', is generally predominant. <O.F. prevenir, to come before. prime (i. 2. 72), first, chief. <Lat. primus. ་ quaint (i. 2. 317), trim, fine, dainty. O. F. coint < Lat. cognitus, 'well-known'. Used originally='knowing', 'prudent'. A. W. Verity quotes in illustration from Hampole's Psalter, Ps. cxix. 98: Aboven myn enmys quaynt thou me made", where the A.V. has wiser. But later F. coint, being wrongly supposed to come from Lat. comptus, 'adorned', got the sense 'trim'. This influenced English 'quaint' which got the same sense, in which it is always used by Shakespeare. rack (iv. 1. 157). See note. rate (i. 2. 92; ii. 1. 103), estimation. < Lat. ratus, p. part. of reor, I think, deem. renown (v. i. 193), report. M.E. renoun or renommee, F. renommé <Lat. re, again, and nomen, name. roarers (i. 1. 16). See note. sack (ii. 2. 110), a Spanish white wine. Probably a corruption of A sans (i. 2. 97), without. French word borrowed in fourteenth century, and originally used in French phrases only, e.g. sans doute; but used in E.E. in combination with English words, e.g. As You Like It, ii. 7. 166: "Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything". scamels (ii. 2. 159). See note. scandal'd (iv. 1. 90), scandalous; pass. form with active meaning. Lat. scandalum, Gk. oxávdaλov, stumbling-block, offence, scandal. signories (i. 2. 71), states of N. Italy, under the government of single princes, originally owing feudal obedience to the Holy Roman Empire. It. signoria, lordship, government < Lat. senior, older, superior. sot (iii. 2. 88), fool. O.F. sot. Among the equivalents given for this by Cotgrave are: "asse, dunce, dullard, blockhead, loggerhead, groutnoll, iobernoll, grouthead, ioulthead". stale (iv. 1. 187), a decoy, a snare. <O.E. stalu, theft. stover (iv. 1. 63). See note. swabber (ii. 2. 44), one who sweeps the deck with a swab or mop. Connected with Dutch, zwabberen, to drudge. taborer (iii. 2. 145), drummer. A tabor is a small side drum generally associated with the fife. Arabic, tabl, a drum. < tackle (i. 2. 147), ropes. M.E. takel. The suffix -el denotes the trice (v. 1. 238), a moment. Spanish en un tris; from tris, the noise made by the cracking of glass, a crack, an instant. troll (iii. 2. 111), roll off the tongue, sing; derivation uncertain. Connected apparently with O.F. troller, which Cotgrave explains by "hounds to trowle, ravage, or hunt out of order". Skeat therefore defines "troll a catch", to sing it irregularly. try (i. 1. 32). See note. twilled (iv. 1. 64). See note. twink (iv. 1. 43), the twinkling of an eye. M.E. twinken, to blink, wink. INDEX OF WORDS a=on, ii. 1. 176. and, i. 2. 186; ii. 2. 15. as, i. 2. 70. azured, v. I. 43. clear, iii. 3. 82. corollary, iv. I. 57. correspondent, i. 2. 297. dear, ii. I. 129. discase, v. 1. 85. discharge, ii. 1. 244. distempered, iv. 1. 145. ditty, i. 2. 404. doit, ii. 2. 30. engine, ii. 1. 155. fall, ii. 1. 286. fated, i. 2. 129. features, iii. I. 52. |