ORDER V. PERSONS ENGAGED IN ENTERTAINING AND PER- persons em DOMESTIC SERVANTS. SUB-ORDER 2. Number of THE number employed in attendance and domestic ployed. service, including domestic servants, coachmen, grooms, gardeners, inn servants, housekeepers, housemaids, nurses, laundrymaids, charwomen, and others, was as follows, viz :— Wages. The money wages of domestic servants are as follows a general servant receives £8 to £14 à year; a kitchen-maid, £10 to £20; a laundry-inaid, £12 to £20; a dairy-maid, £13 to £15; a still-room maid, £10 to £18; a housemaid, £8 to £20; a cook, £12 to £60; a housekeeper, £30 to £50; a stewardboy, £7 to £16; a groom, £15 to £20; a coachman, £30 to £50; a footman, £18 to £20; an under butler, £30 to £75; a butler, £50 to £70; a valet, £40 to £50; a groom of the chamber, £50 to £60; and a steward, £70 to £150. In the wages of domestic servants, especially among general servants, the wages in Scotland and Ireland range a little lower than in England. The largest number, however, consist of ordinary domestic servants. But to the money wages some additions must be made. In comparing the condition of the domestic servant with that of the artisan or worker in any other occupations, we must remember that, whilst nearly in all of them the workman has to provide himself with food, clothing and lodging, in the domestic service food and lodging are always added, and in many cases clothing also. When board wages are allowed, 12/ to 14/ a week for men, and 8/ to 12/ for women per week, are usually given. If we calculate the value of the articles of food consumed by a domestic servant, as well as the value of the lodging in a furnished house with all the necessary comforts, including fire, light, and washing of body linen and bed linen, 10/ a week at least must be added to the wages, or £26 per annum. Taking the whole number of domestic servants, the wages may be estimated for women and girls at £13 in money, and £22 for food, &c., or £35 per annum in all. The annual amount of earnings of domestic ser- Annual vants may be estimated as follows: amount of earnings. According to a recent return," the savings banks Savings. (1) Returns relating to Depositors in Savings Banks in the United Kingdom, 1866, and Return on Railways, 285 of 1866. Health. had 257,711 accounts opened with domestic servants, charwomen, nurses and laundresses; the total amount to their credit being £6,907,288, or an average of £27 per head. The Post-Office Savings Banks, also, have a considerable portion belonging to them. The condition of domestic service might seem highly favourable to health, yet the tables of mortality in the Appendix indicate a very different result. CLASS III.-COMMERCIAL. ORDER VII. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE CONVEYANCE OF MEN, RAILWAYS. SUB-ORDER 1. THE progress of railway enterprise within the last Extension of ten years may be gathered from the following terprise. railway en facts:(1) 6 persons em According to returns recently obtained, and to Number of estimates made in the Railway Times,"") the num- ployed. ber of persons employed in railways at present is 219,970, of whom 19,962 are officers, and 200,008 servants, and they are largely drawn from agricultural labour. The work is divided into three departments. First, Nature of employthe passenger and traffic department; second, the ment. engineering or permanent way; and third, the locomotive. (1) Statistical Abstract for the United Kingdom, 1866. Hours of labour. Conditions Wages. Annual amount of wages. Twelve hours a day is the usual time, less two hours allowed for meals; and when night work is required the men work alternately by relays night and day. In some cases Sunday work goes on. In some lines a candidate as a porter must be 5 feet 7 inches in height; must be 21, and not exceeding 30 years of age; must be able to read and write, be free from bodily complaint, and produce testimonials of character. In the passenger and traffic department porters earn 17/6, but gratuities from passengers, although disallowed by the companies, form a handsome addition to their income; policemen, 18/; ticket collectors, 25/; guards, 20/. In the permanent way the greatest number employed consists of labourers, and their wages are generally 3/ a day; platelayers receive 3/6; signalmen 20/ to 26/; carpenters, 27/ to 30/; and gaugers, 21/. In the locomotive department, engine-drivers 5/ to 7/6 per day; firemen 3/ to 4/ a day; fitters, 4/8 to 6/4; smiths, 5/ to 6/8; rivetters, 4/8 to 5/4; boiler smiths, 5/8 to 6/8; strikers and holders, 3/4 to 4/4; carriage makers, 4/6 to 5/4; waggon makers, 4/ to 5/; trimmers, 5 to 5/8; moulders, 34/ per week. Taking the whole number, the average for servants, 160,000 in number, may be taken at 21/ per week; and the average for artificers, 40,000, at 30/ a week. Accidents. Railway servants are greatly exposed to accidents. In the return presented to Parliament (1) the number (1) 285 of 1866. |