Reconnaissance of the Borax Deposits of Death Valley and Mohave DesertU.S. Government Printing Office, 1902 - 23 Seiten |
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altitude Amargosa River Amargosa Valley basin bed of colemanite bedded deposit beds of volcanic block of strata Borate borax deposits borax was seen Bulletin Cajon Canyon Campbell coarse Creek in Death crustal movements Daggett Darwin road Death Valley region débris deposits of borax deposits of Death distance ECONOMIC GEOLOGY end of Mohave Eocene folded foothills fossils Funeral Mountain Furnace Creek geological survey government printing office Inyo County KINGSTON RANGE lake beds extend lake sediments lava sheets Lone Pine Canyon Marius Mesquite Valley mineral Mohave Desert Mohave River northeast northwest and southeast occur Old Borax outcrops Owens Lake PAHRUMP VALLEY Paleozoic Panamint Range Pleistocene PRINTING OFFICE 1902 Reconnaissance reported Resting Spring salt field San Bernardino County Saratoga Spring sedi seems possible seems probable Sierra Nevada similar beds southern edge Tertiary rocks tilting UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL Valley and Mohave vicinity Victor volcanic tuff Walcott western
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Seite 13 - The rocks are intensely folded, the axes of the folds lying in an east-west direction. The lake beds extend in the same direction across the mountains for a distance of about 8 miles. It has been supposed that these deposits probably continue westward under the Pleistocene drift of the desert, but there is no evidence at hand to prove such an assertion. In fact, the lake beds at Borate do not come down to the foothills of the mountain; they are cut off and infolded with the crystalline rocks of the...
Seite 14 - Campbell* states that the Tertiary beds in this valley bear evidence of considerable crustal movement since their deposition. The eastern margin that rests against the foot of the Kingston Range is 800 feet higher than the uppermost beds of the same series at the foot of Funeral Mountain. This indicates a depression toward the west, in the direction of Death Valley. It seems possible that the change was due to the sinking of Death Valley to its present position below sea level. KINGSTON RANGE. The...
Seite 7 - The industry flourished at this and other lakes in California until, in the early seventies, borax in large quantity and in a very pure condition was discovered on many of the alkaline marshes of western Nevada and eastern California. Refining plants were established in the vicinity of Columbus, Nev., and at several points in California, the most important of the latter being in San Bernardino County, at Searles's marsh, west of the Slate Range; in Inyo County, near Resting Spring; and at the mouth...
Seite 16 - A sample collected in the middle of the field on this road shows that the salt is composed of chloride of sodium, 94.54 per cent; chloride of potassium, 0.31 per cent; sulphate of sodium, 3.53 per cent; sulphate of calcium (hydrous), 0.79 per cent; moisture, 0.14 per cent; undissolved residue (gypsum and clay), 0.50 per cent; total, 99.81 per cent. The presence of the large amount of mechanical impurities as well as the large percentage of sulphate of soda would render refining necessary before the...
Seite 7 - Originally borax was obtained by evaporating the waters of Clear Lake, about 80 miles north of San Francisco, where it was first produced on a commercial scale, in 1864. Subsequently the lake water was enriched by the addition of crystalline biborate of soda, which was collected from the alkaline marsh surrounding the lake. The industry flourished at this and other lakes in California until, in the early seventies, borax in large quantity and in a very pure condition was discovered on many of the...
Seite 7 - About 18!)0 it was found that the borax crust on most of the marshes is a secondary deposit, being derived from the leaching of beds of borate of lime in the Tertiary lake sediments that abound in the region. This discovery revolutionized the borax industry, for the bedded deposits are much more extensive, are more easily accessible, and are in a purer condition than the marsh crusts. The marshes were abandoned and a mine was established on a bedded deposit at Borate, 12 miles northeast of Daggett,...
Seite 8 - Since the bedded deposits of borax always occur in association with strata of this character, it is probable that careful study and search will reveal deposits of this nature in localities other than Death Valley and Daggett. For the purpose of locating outcrops of lake beds, and studying their relations and contents, the writer made a rapid reconnaissance across southern California in the spring of 1900. The trip was too hastily made to permit of detailed examinations, or of observations much beyond...
Seite 12 - BORATE. The principal deposit of boron salts occurs at Borate, about 12 miles north of Daggett, in the vicinity of the old Calico mining district. The mineral found here is borate of lime, or colemanite, and it occurs as a bedded deposit from 5 to 30 feet in thickness, interstratified in lake sediments. These lake beds are composed of semiindurated clays, sandstones, and coarse conglomerates, with intercalated sheets of volcanic tuff and lava. The rocks are...