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drew up a vindication of his whole conduct, in the form of a letter to Sir William Windham, written with great elegance and address, and abounding with interesting and entertaining anecdotes. His first lady being dead, he married a niece of Madam de Maintenon, and with her returned to his native country. He corres ponded with Pope, Swift, and other learned friends, but was implacable against Walpole, for standing in the way of a complete pardon. To give his enmity full scope against the minister, he wrote several pamphlets, and papers in the Craftsman, decrying his adminstration. After a ten years spirited siege in this manner, he laid down his pen, and again repaired to France, with a resolution never to engage again in public business. He fixed his residence near Fontainbleau, where he wrote his "Letters on the Study and Use of History." On the death of his father he came again to England, and settled at Battersea, where he died in 1751.` His Letters addressed to Pope, on philosophy, and religion, contain many things which clash with the great truths of revelation; and, on this account, not only held out the deceased author as a propagator of infidelity, but also occasioned a presentment of his works by the grand jury of Westminster. Bolingbroke bequeathed his manuscripts to Mallet, who published them in a pompous manner. Being adverse to the Christian religion, they were attacked by several able writers, and are now sunk into oblivion. Dr. Johnson was very angry with Mallet for suffering his philosophic works to be printed,

printed, and said, with his usual force of expression, "That Mallet was more infamous than the author, for Bolingbroke only loaded the piece; the man who let it off did all the mischief." But whatever imperfections may be discovered in Bolingbroke, with regard to certain principles and opinions, he was, considered as a man of extraordinary talents and universal knowledge, the most wonderful of the age he lived in; and, as a writer, one of the finest that any age has produced.

SAINT PIERRE, (EUSTACE DE) a famous patriotic citizen of Calais, who offered himself to be one, and by his example animated five others, to make up the number of principal inhabitants required by Henry III. to be given as victims for their obstinacy, in holding out so long after he had summoned the place to surrender. Eustace with his generous companions appeared before the conqueror in their shirts, with halters about their necks, and the keys of the city in their hands. Edward, touched with their virtuous heroism, and further softened by the entreaties of his queen, pardoned the patriots and dismissed them with presents.

SALTER, (JOHN) a military officer, who by his merit raised himself from the ranks, and became a major-general. He was originally a private of the guards, and was taken from the ranks, by William Duke of Cumberland, who caused him to be made a serjeant; and soon after was so pleased with his manner of giving the word of command, that he gave him an ensign's commission in the same regiment. The other

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other officers were displeased at his promotion, and treated him with indifference, bordering on contempt. Thus circumstanced, he waited on the royal duke, and stated the awkwardness of bis situation; being incapable of associating either with the officers or privates. The duke attended to his story, and ordered him to meet him the next day on the parade. His royal highness came earlier than usual, and going up to the colour stand, he saluted Lord Ligonier and the officers of the regiment, who were all in conversation together; but, looking around, as if by accident, he observed poor Salter alone "What, (said his royal highness) has that officer done, that he is drummed out of your councils?" And, going up to him, took him familiarly by the arm, and walked up and down the parade with him, in the presence of the different battalions and their officers. At this time Lord Ligonier accosted the duke, and intreated his highness's company to dinner. “With all my heart, (said the duke) and remember Salter comes with me.' His lordship bowing, said, "I hope so." After this ordeal, Salter was well received by all his commissioned brethren. Some eccentricity was, however, displayed by the duke on this occasion, as it does not appear that Salter had any particular claim to such unexampled promotion, except that of giving the word of command audibly and dis tinctly. He died in 1787, aged 78 years. SAVAGE, (RICHARD) a celebrated, but unfortunate English poet, was the natural son of the Countess of Macclesfield, by the earl of Rivers;

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and might have been considered as the lawful issue of the earl of Macclesfield, had not his mother, in order to procure a divorce from her husband, made a public confession of the adultery. This confession she made on the day of his birth, January 16, 1697. She then resolved totally to discard the fruit of her illicit love, and committed him to the care of a poor woman to educate as her own, with the injunction never to inform him of his birth. She also prevented the earl of Rivers from leaving him a legacy of 6,000l. by falsly informing him that the child was dead. She endeavoured to get him secretly conveyed to America, but not succeeding in that project, he was, at a proper age, apprenticed to the humble calling of a shoemaker, in Holborn; but how long he continued in this situation does not appear. His nurse dying about this time, he searched among her papers and effects, supposing he had a right so to do; and found some letters which informed him of his birth, and the reasons for which it was concealed. He then tried, but in vain, to rouse the feelings of his mother; and being reduced to penury, he commenced writer for the stage. In 1723, he brought a tragedy on the stage, in which he performed a part himself. It was entitled Sir Thomas Overbury." Whilst he was employed in the composition of this piece, he frequently wanted food, and all the common necessaries of life; nor had he any other conveniences for study than the fields or streets. The profits of this performance amounted to about 2001. And it was so well received that it procured him the notice

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notice and esteem of several persons of distinetion; some rays of genius glimmering through all the clouds of poverty and oppression. But when the world was beginning to behold him with a more favourable eye, a misfortune befel him, in which his life, as well as his reputation, was in danger. In a night ramble he went into a coffee-house of ill fame near Charing-cross, when a quarrel happened, and a Mr. Sinclair was killed in the fray. Savage was taken into custody, tried for murder, and capitally convicted of the offence. His mother was so inhuman, at this juncture, to step forward and prejudice the queen against him, and to intercept all the hopes he had of life from the royal mercy: but the countess of Hertford very compassionately related to her majesty the extraordinary story and sufferings of poor Savage, and obtained a pardon for him. After this, he was taken into the family of lord Tyrconnel, treated as his equal, and allowed a pension of 2001. a year. About this time he published the "Wanderer," a moral poem, which was approved by Pope, and which the author himself considered as his master-piece. It was addressed to the earl of Tyrconnel, with the highest strains of panegyric. But in a short time he found himself inclined to retract these praises, being discarded by that nobleman on account of his imprudent and licentious behaviour. He now thought himself again at liberty to expose the inhumanity of his mother, and accordingly published" The Bastard," a poem. The sale of this poem was extraordinary; and its appearance happening

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