i antichristian practices, dare accuse Christ himself, and his apostles, of your own crimes. He and they preached not for hire, not for filthy lucre and maintenance, but for the help and salvation of men. As there is nothing needful to the labourer in that work, but the present subsistence of food and raiment, with that they were to be content: and as to what money they had, it arose from the superabounding love of those who heard him and them, and believed; which they did not hoard up, and detain to their own use only; but also gave to the poor, as they had occasion: so far were they from sitting down in corners, and forcing a maintenance, even to luxury, from those who did not receive them, as you priests do at this day. By which it appears you are none of his, but rather like Judas the traitor, who carried the bag, loved money better than him, and was a thief. At this he became a a little ashamed, and in an abject manner said, "What I have for my preaching is but a small matter:" as if the diminutive pay and poverty should excuse the error; and so it ended. At another time my father had a mind to discourse me on that subject; and after he had moved it, I desired leave to ask him a question before I entered the dispute with him. He granted it; and then I asked him, if it were not for his reputation among men, and the law of the land, would he himself pay any tithe? Upon this he was silent a little, and then replied with an oath, that if it were not for the laws he would pay no more tithe than myself. Then said I, "There is no need of any further dispute:" and it ended thus; for he never offered any argument about it. My delight was continually in the truth, and I desired no company but of Friends, and frequented meetings on all occasions; where my heart was frequently tendered by the truth, and it often reached and affected others by me, and sometimes very much so that I became very dear to Friends, and they to me. And as that tenderness was an involuntary ministry, being an operation of the Spirit without words, I found for some time, great satisfaction and safety in it. From thence we went, on the 27th, to Newcastle, and lodged at Jeremiah Hunter's, being at their meeting next day; and on the 29th we went to Caleb Tenent's, at Shields and had a meeting there. On the 1st day of the first month, a meeting being appointed at Sunderland, we intended to cross the river Tyne at Shields, in order to be there; but Caleb Tenent and we entering the ferry boat with our horses, and the wind being very high, they were frightened with the fluttering of the sails, at our putting off from the key; so that Caleb's mare, being strong and sprightly, jumped overboard, and carried him along with her as he strove to stop her by the bridle, and they both went under the water, for it was deep; but as good Providence would have it, the mare came up with her head towards the shore, and near it, and he came up behind her at so little distance, and with such presence of mind, that he laid hold on her tail, and got on shore without any other hurt than the surprise and wetting his clothes. The meeting was appointed at Sunderland, to begin about the middle of the day, and we being obliged, by reason of the high wind, to go round by Newcastle, it was put off till the evening; which proved a very comfortable time of the enjoyment of the good presence of the Lord; with which my heart being plentifully furnished, it greatly tendered me and bathed me in a flood of tears, from divine melting love, and had the like effect over the meeting; and this happened in time of silence. After this Robert Wardell, a ministering Friend, at whose house we lodged, spoke some sentences; by which I perceived he thought I should have uttered some words by way of public ministry at that time. But I did not apprehend my time was then come for that service; and it had the same effect, and peradventure, more than if I had uttered words: for it was a ministration of the Word, by a more immeate operation, and a great mystery. After the meeting many Friends came to me, and expressed so much love and respect as gave me occasion to consider what could be the reason of it; for they were all strangers Desiring to see Friends in some other to me, and I to them; and being but a child places, I went a short journey with Andrew in the knowledge of the invisible operation of Taylor, a powerful and able minister in his day, of an affable and cheerful temper, and one of my particular friends. On the 20th day of the twelfth month, 1691, we went from Heatherside, in Kirklinton, in Cumberland, and that night lodged two miles beyond Alston; and thence next day to Welgill; on the 22nd to Thomas Williamson's; on the 23rd to Walkmill; on the 24th to Steel, and on the 25th to Benfieldside; having meetings at several of these places. VOL. X.-No. 1. the Word of truth and its effects by instruments, in a way of silence and sympathy, I had looked at its effects only in myself for my own strength and consolation; and yet could not but observe, that when truth broke in upon me in an eminent manner, with which, in other places, I had been often favoured before, it affected the living part of the meeting the same way, at the same time: and it is clear to my understanding, by experience, that there is a communication of divine love 4 through the one Spirit, and that unspeakable, I spoke with difficulty when I went into the among the sanctified in Christ, at this day, as well as in time past; and that in a state of holy silence, as the members of Christ sit together in their heavenly places in him. house; yet, through a very sensible operation of the divine truth, and the healing virtue thereof, under which I sat in silence for about half an hour, I was perfectly healed; by which I was forever confirmed in the belief of the miracles of Christ recorded in holy Scripture. The next day we were at a meeting at Shotton, from whence we went to Anthony Robinson's, at Hawthorn, and next day had a After this I remained at my father's house, meeting at Durham; thence to Auckland, and though under many inward loads and burdens so on to Robert Corney's, at Stockton; thence in the family, not one soul of them having to Yarm, and back to Stockton; in all which any sense of truth; and keeping constantly places we had meetings: from thence to to meetings, and living hear the divine truth, Darlington, and on the 10th of same month, I was thereby preserved from the attending to Raby; thence to Cutherston and Bowes; evils and temptations, till the Lord opened a at all which places we also had meetings, way for another journey; which was as foland the Lord was with us. And yet, for lows. some days after that meeting at Sunderland, On the 19th day of the eleventh month, my mind was very low, and not sensible of 1692, I went from my father's house in Cumthe same degree of the divine presence as berland, and that night lodged at George some time before; and a question possessed Marshe's, at Healy Hall, not far from Newmy mind, whether I ought not to have uttered castle upon Tyne, where I met with John some words in that meeting. But by degrees Bowstead, by appointment, the next day; and I attained my former tranquillity. on the 22nd we went to Shields, and back the On the 12th went to the Height of Winder day following to Newcastle, and were, on the by Sedberg; then to Side; next day to Dent; 24th, at Benfieldside; and on the next day at next day to Dent meeting at Anthony Mason's. Hexham; on the 26th again at Benfieldside, On the 16th we went to John Dickinson's, and back to Newcastle on the 27th; having at Beckhouses, and to the meeting at Gray-meetings at these several places; and on the rig; next day to Girsgarth, at Thomas Wil- 30th we set forward from thence for Scotland, son's; and so to Crook, at John Thompson's; by way of Morpeth, Horsley, Framlington, and on the 18th to Thomas Lower's, at Whittingham, and Wooler-Haugh; and next Marshgrange; and the next day to Broughton day we came to Kelso, in Scotland. Tower; and the next day to Swarthmore; On the 2nd of the twelfth month we arrived and on the 22nd to Hawkside meeting; hav- at Edinburgh, and were at the quarterly meeting likewise had several other meetings in ing there on the same day; which being ended, the way and on the 23rd we went to John we met with Thomas Rudd, who had some Banks' at Rogersgill; and the next day to the days before, come from England by way of meeting at Pardshaw. After this we went to Glasgow, and had been several times through the house of Margaret Fawcet, an ancient the city and colleges of Edinburgh, crying, widow, having an estate of six or seven "Wo to the sandy foundation," with some pounds per annum, out of which she entertain- other words of the like import. Next morned all travelling Friends coming that way, be-ing, being about to depart the city homesides her own family, and had always plenty; wards, John Bowstead and I went with him and so desirous was she to entertain all, that to take leave of William Miller, at the King's she was commonly called the covetous widow Gardens, and his family; where we had been of Cumberland; and was a woman truly but a short time, till the concern returned honourable in the truth during her time. upon Thomas Rudd to go again through the On the 25th we went to Eaglesfield; and city; and after great exercise and travel in then to Jonathan Bell's at Hundwath-hill; and spirit, he became willing, and went. The so to Cockermouth and Broughton; and thence most of his message was in these words, to Alanby; and on the 27th to Holm-Cul-"Ho! all people; O all be warned this day, tram; and so to Longnewton and Bowstead; to fear before the Lord, the mighty God of having meetings all along. But I had no heaven and of earth; and every one turn other public ministry in this journey, than from the evil of your ways." He had a voice being frequently much tendered in the several suited to the measure of his words, with an meetings, to my great satisfaction, and the innocent boldness in his countenance, frecomfort of many who wished me well for the quently lifting his right-hand towards heaven Truth's sake, and desired my prosperity there- as he passed along, which was with a slow in. This journey being finished, I went home and grave pace. John Bowstead and I, though to my father's house in the evening; and we had a good will to the cause, and personal having taken much cold, so that I was hoarse, I love to our friend, sufficient to have engaged us with him in any service warranted by any degree of the like concern and call, and to go with him through the city; yet we were not willing to hazard our lives or liberty as intruders into his concerns, not finding any thing from the Lord so to do. We therefore went to our friend Bartholomew Gibson's, where we lodged, to wait the issue of our friend's undertaking; where we had not sat down, till it pleased the Lord to give us a more evident fellow-feeling of our friend's concern, in great brokenness of heart, in which we were constrained to go up into the city after him, where we found him delivering his message to a great multitude of people. Some of them had thrust him down into a low shop in the high street; from whence, as he attempted to move, the rabble pushed him back: nevertheless the power of the Lord was over the multitude, both in him, and in us; so that all fear of them was removed from us by the protecting arm of the Lord, who is ever near to deliver such as act in his counsel, in the time of greatest danger. In the mean time John Bowstead, being a bold, able-bodied man, pressed through the crowd, and taking Thomas Rudd by the arm, advanced him into the street; where some of the multitude pointed at a stone by the cross, where he might stand a little above the people, which he did; and John Bowstead and I stood between him and the people, and they were then a little quiet, expecting, as we supposed by the rumours in the city, to have heard some judgment denounced, or prophecy declared. But Thomas having only some short warnings for them, some of them mocked, others threw a pack of old cards among us, with some scoffing words; yet others among them were put upon a more serious consideration, what could engage us thus to appear in a place of so imminent danger. Others whispering said, "This is he who went through London with a message, and shortly after there was an earthquake there." By several circumstances, we perceived it became a general amusement to the inhabitants of all ranks; and many, as well of the greater as lesser quality, would gladly have known the result of the matter. chief bailie or alderman of the city, to sum. mon Thomas Rudd before him. This officer making known his message in a very civil manner, Thomas went with him into the city. I told the officer, that he did not need to lay hold on Thomas Rudd as a prisoner, for he would go along without it; so John Bowstead, and the officer and I, went before, and Thomas Rudd followed after, till we came before the bailie; who examined Thomas about such things as he thought fit to object against him, concerning his going through the city, but would not suffer us to be present to hear his examination; and in a short time he was committed to the Tolbooth of the city, and put among such as they accounted traitors and rebels against the government. John Bowstead and I staid a little before the prison door, the good presence of the Lord remaining with us, and bearing up our spirits over all, in times of most apparent danger. We called to the turnkey to admit us into the prison to see our friend, and accompany him in his imprisonment; which he readily and courteously did. No sooner were we entered, than a multitude of prisoners, and their friends who were with them, came to see us in the large common hall of the prison, where they gazed upon us with seeming wonder; for the Episcopal party at that time were under dissatisfaction, because of the suppression of their clergy; and others also were not satisfied with the government upon other scores; which had excited several, of divers sorts, to offensive behaviour; so that the prison, which is large, was very full. After a while the jailor took us into an apartment made of deal, called the Quakers' high room, made by Friends in time of greater persecution, for their own convenience. There we staid till the evening, where several Friends came to us. And Thomas Rudd being concerned in prayer at supper, the people in the prison rushed towards the place, and were attentive; some of them afterwards expressing their satisfaction to hear us crave a blessing, as they phrase it, at our meat; by which I suppose they had been misinformed, that we were such as would not call on the name of the Lord, or crave his blessing on such occasions. From the cross we went down the high street and Canongate, till we came to the Tol- That night John Bowstead and I went to booth, over against which stood several com- our lodgings, and in the morning returned; panies of soldiers, drawn up in order in the and understanding that the bailie aforesaid street; to whom Thomas Rudd spake some was keeping a court near the prison, being words, by way of warning, as before; and I emboldened by the presence of the Lord, we did not observe that any of them offered the went into the court to him, with a Friend or least opposition, either by word, deed, or ges-two of the town with us, and there staid till But as we were passing by them, in- his business was over. As he came to the tending to go to our lodgings, there came a foot of the stairs we began to expostulate the certain civil officer from Charles Charteris, matter with him; and John Bowstead told him, ture. it would be a great reflection upon the Pres-" For the good that I would, I do not; but byterians in Scotland, who so lately them- the evil which I would not, that I do ;" and selves had been hardly used, as they said, by divers parts of the same chapter throughout. the Episcopalians, so soon to begin to perse- I being at the other end of the table, and cute us, for no other cause but discharging our hearing them, and observing where the priest duty to God, in such manner as we were per- erred, a concern came upon me to take up suaded in our consciences the Lord required the argument, and to endeavour to inform at our hands. him better. I said, That the apostle, in The bailie replied, that he had not impri- that epistle, in the first place proved, that soned our friend maliciously, but out of kind- both Jews and Gentiles were under sin, the ness to protect him from the rabble; "which," former as well as the latter, notwithstandsaid he, "when they are moved, are not ing the law and ordinances of God deeasily suppressed, but will commit outrages livered to them, which they had not kept. of dangerous consequence, notwithstanding That both had redemption through faith in any power we have over them, when fully the Lord Christ; by whom they were made enraged." And said he, "I am willing to free from sin, even in this life, which the set your friend at liberty, provided he will de- law could not effect, as appears by these part the city without any more disturbance." words: "Knowing that Christ being raised Accordingly he went into a private office, from the dead, dieth no more; death hath no whence he had committed Thomas Rudd, and more dominion over him. For in that he sent for him from the prison; and after some died, he died unto sin once; but in that he fruitless endeavours to extort a promise from liveth, he liveth unto God. Likewise reckon him to depart the city, and come no more in ye also yourselves to be dead indeed unto the streets as before, he gave orders for his sin; but alive unto God through Jesus Christ release. Then we went again to the prison- our Lord," &c. The apostle here, taking house, to pay the victualler of the same for the comparison from the certainty of the death some bread and drink which we had used in and resurrection of Christ, infers likewise as the prison and there we met with one John great certainty of their being, in this life, Kerr, an Episcopal priest, who had been late-through him, raised unto newness of life; ly incumbent at Roxburgh, and ousted at the which he corroborates in the 18th verse of revolution. He had been, the night before, the same chapter, saying, "Being then made with Thomas Rudd alone; who having been free from sin, ye became the servants of in prayer, this John Kerr had been so much righteousness.' And in the 22nd verse, conaffected thereby, that he promised, of his own firms it further; "But now, being made free accord, that if he was released from his impri- from sin, and become servants to God, ye sonment, he would come to our meeting the have your fruit unto holiness, and the end next time it should be held; yet he neglected everlasting life." Where it is apparent, that it, though he was released according to his the apostle makes the service of God and sin own wish. Thus the Lord is gracious in inconsistent, and altogether incompatible: but, giving men their desires in times of distress; resuming the same doctrine, under another yet they are apt to forget their duty, his mer-similitude, in the seventh chapter, he there cies, and their own promises, when they come personates the state of the Jews, and of himwhere they think themselves less obnoxious self, whilst only under the law, and without to judgment, or the cruelty of their adver- the knowledge of Christ, and not that state that he, or the adult in the church, was saries. As we were in the prison-house together in in, as an apostle and Christian, at the time of silence, we were much broken in the good pre-writing that epistle; which states are so difsence of the Lord; and John Bowstead being ferent, that it is impossible the apostle could be concerned in prayer, several of the prisoners in both in so short a time, as between writing and their visitants came up in a rude manner, to hear and gaze; but the virtue of truth affecting them, they uncovered, kneeled down, and reverenced that divine power and presence that was with us; though I think, themselves did not know the cause of their subjection. After this, a discourse happened between the said John Kerr and a Friend, who was a citizen, concerning freedom from sin in this life; which John Kerr asserted could not be; and brought this passage out of the Epistle to the Romans, which he thought proved it, viz: part of the seventh chapter and the beginning of the eighth, which might be less than half an hour; for in the 24th verse of the seventh chapter, summing up all the weaknesses under the law in a few words, he cries out, "O wretched man that I am, who shall deliver me from the body of this death!" And immediately answers his own question, "I thank God, through Jesus Christ our Lord;" and then continues to assert the Christian freedom, and saith, "There is therefore now no condemnation to them which are in Christ Jesus, who walk not after the flesh, but after the Spirit for the law of the Spirit of life, in Christ Jesus, hath made me free from the law of sin and death," &c. "Thus it appears that the apostle Paul was not under the body of sin and death at the time when he wrote that epistle; but was only recounting the various states, both of himself and others, under the law of Moses, and after the law of life and liberty from sin was come by the Son of God, and fulfilled by him in this apostle, as also in the adult in the congregation of Christ." Upon this the said John Kerr freely acknowledged before the company, that he had all along mistaken that Scripture, and that we understood it right. Having paid for our bread and drink, and returned the bed and bedding to the Friend who had brought the same, in expectation that Thomas Rudd's imprisonment would have been longer than it was suffered to be, through the good and well-ordering hand of the Lord, and departed out at the prison door, no sooner were we in the street, than Thomas began again to speak to the people. John Bowstead and I finding no concern that way for a short time, at first were not forward to go with him, but went into a Friend's shop; where we had not been long till the power of the Lord came upon us; and then we went into the street, where we found Thomas Rudd preaching among the people; who were more solid than before, concluding, no doubt, that the magistrates had found no fault in him, having so soon released him: but there was a secret power over them, which they knew not. We went down the high street, near to the Canongate; and upon an out-stair, within the gate, Thomas Rudd stood up and preached to the people, and after him John Bowstead; upon which the multitude became so still as if we had been in a meeting of Friends; and many persons of the greater rank, of both sexes, leaned out at the windows, and heard the sound of the truth. In the mean time I had been a while separated from the rest by a coach, and disputing in Canongate with a young man who had asked me some questions, which I answered; and we parted in friendship. nounced any judgment against the city; for the adversary, by his emissaries, had invented and spread a rumour, that Thomas Rudd had prophesied that in seven days the city should be destroyed. In the afternoon we went to the countess, and Thomas Ballantyne with us, a Friend who had been through the streets with Thomas Rudd before we came to town, and continued with us during the whole time. This countess was an ancient woman, and of a grave and serious deportment: she was kind and courteous to us, entertained us with respect, and acknowledged several doctrines of truth, so far as we had occasion to discourse her. She also acknowledged a sense of the great provocations that city had given the Lord to bring severe judgments upon it; and told Thomas Rudd she heard he had spoken against the Presbyterian church, of which she was: to which he answered, that he was concerned by the Lord to cry, "Wo against the sandy foundation ;" and if the Presbyte rians were concerned there, they would do well to look to it. From thence we went to the lady Collington's lodgings, who, in the time of Thomas Rudd's imprisonment, had sent to him to know if he wanted any thing; and had likewise sent her maid to invite him to her house after he was at liberty. She entertained us respectfully, and discoursed matters that occur red seriously; but in the mean time came in a priest and one Dr. Sibbald, a physician; with whom we had some dispute: the matter in controversy with the doctor was baptism; we made short work with him, but the particulars not being exactly remembered, are omitted. But the priest being a young man, and a little too forward to engage in matters he did not understand, and the controversy with him being concerning the ministry, I cited a passage out of the first epistle of John, viz: "But the anointing which ye have received of him abideth in you: and ye need not that any man teach you: but as the same anointing teacheth you of all things, and is truth, and is no lie; and even as it hath taught you, ye shall abide in him;" and asked the priest what this anointing was, and how the same taught? To which he was silent, not without blushing in the presence of the lady, who was an ancient grave woman, and several younger, her kinswomen. Thus the whole multitude being as it were chained by the mighty and invisible power of truth, and our spirits over them, and at liberty by the same, to his glory and our great consolation, we went to our lodgings; where Then I questioned the priest further about we had been but a short time till a messenger his call to the ministry, and by what authoricame from the countess of Kincairn, to invite ty he took upon him that office? To which Thomas Rudd to her lodgings, in order to he answered, "There is an external call, and have some discourse with him concerning his an internal call." The external I passed message, and to know whether he had de-over, and asked him what his internal call |