moires d'un Voyageur qui se repose, 3 vols, 8vo, Paris, 1806, which contain anecdotes of his life and travels.

DUTHEIL, (Francis John Gabriel de la Porte,) a learned Greek scholar, born at Paris, in 1742. He lost his father at an early age, and entered into the military service, which he gave up at the peace of 1763, for literary pursuits. In 1770 he was made a member of the Academy of Belles-Lettres, in return for his communications to that learned institution. In the same year he produced his translation of Orestes from Eschylus, with notes; which was followed, in 1775, by a version of the Hymns of Callimachus. The year following he went to Rome, where he remained till 1786, employed chiefly in examining the literary treasures of the Vatican and other libraries. On his return to Paris he was associated with M. de Brequigny, in the Collection of Charters, Documents, and Diplomas, relative to the History of France, 3 volumes of which appeared in 1791. He also published an edition of Brumoy's Greek Theatre; and engaged in a translation of Strabo, in conjunction with Gosselin and Coray. Only nine books were finished when Dutheil died, May 15, 1815. Since that time another volume of the Strabo has appeared.

DUVAL, (Andrew,) a doctor of the Sorbonne, born at Pontoise, in 1564. He defended the opinions of the Ultramontanes, and was among Richer's greatest adversaries. He was superior general of the French Carmelites, senior of the Sorbonne, and dean of the faculty of theology at Paris. He died in 1638. He wrote De Supremâ Romani Pontificis in Ecclesiam potestate, 1614, 4to; a Commentary on the summary of St. Thomas, 2 vols, fol.-WILLIAM DUVAL, his cousin, was professor at the colleges of Calvy and Lisieux, then at the royal college in Paris, and afterwards doctor of physic. He published Hist. du Collége Royal, and an edition of Aristotle, 1619, 2 vols, fol.

DUVAL, (Peter,) geographer royal of France, born at Abbeville, in 1618. He studied geography under his maternal uncle, Sanson, and wrote several works upon the science, and constructed maps, which were once in great estimation. He died in 1683.

DUVAL, (Nicholas,) a Dutch painter, born at the Hague, in 1644. He was a pupil of Nicholas Wieling, and afterwards visited Rome, where he studied under Pietro da Cortona. On his return to Holland he was employed by king

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William III. at Loo, and was made director of the Academy of the Hague, the ceiling of the principal saloon of which is painted by him. He attended the king to England, and was entrusted by him with the cleaning and repairing of the Cartoons of Raffaelle at Hampton Court. He died in 1732.

DUVAL, (Valentine Jameray,) a man of extraordinary talents, born, in 1695, in the little village of Artonay in Champagne. At the age of ten he lost his father, who was a poor labourer. He hired himself with a peasant of the village, and even in the employment of keeping the poultry-yard he drew the attention of his youthful associates, and guided their innocent sports. In the winter of 1709 he travelled towards Lorraine, and in the cold journey he was attacked by the small-pox, under which he must have sunk but for the timely assistance of a shepherd near Monglat. Recovered from this dreadful malady he went to Clezantine, a village on the borders of Lorraine, where he continued two years in the service of another shepherd, and then became an attendant on brother Palemon at the hermitage of La Rochette, near Deneuvre. From this peaceful abode he was soon removed to the hermitage of St. Anne, near Luneville, and there employed in the service of four hermits, and in acts of charitable hospitality, he learnt to write, and read with eagerness the books which his indigent abode afforded. His activity was here employed in the pursuit of game, which he sold and converted to the increase of his books; and his accidental finding of a seal belonging to Mr. Forster, an English gentleman resident at Luneville, which he very honourably advertised, procured him new and solid advantages. Forster rewarded his honesty, and assisted him in the purchase of books and of maps, and his library soon increased to four hundred volumes. Here, while one day engaged deeply in the study of a map at the foot of a tree, he was found by the attendants of the princes of Lorraine, and the pertinent and very sensible remarks which he made on the inquiries of his illustrious visitors, led them to promise him their protection, and introduced him to Leopold, duke of Lorraine, who placed him under the care of the Jesuits of Pont-a-Mousson. In 1718 he visited Paris in the suite of his patron, and at his return became his librarian, and also professor of history at Luneville. this new office Duval distinguished him

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self greatly; he was attended by several Englishmen, and particularly by Pitt, afterwards earl of Chatham, whose genius and manners he admired, and whose future eminence he prophetically announced. He now found himself raised to comfortable independence, and in the fulness of his heart he showed his gratitude to the hermits of St. Anne, his benefactors, by rebuilding and adorning their residence, and enabling them to extend their charities. On the death of Leopold, in 1738, he followed his son Francis, who exchanged the duchy of Lorraine for the grand duchy of Tuscany; but though Florence afforded him many comforts from the salubrity of its climate, and the rich treasures of its libraries, he yet sighed for his native land. Francis, on his marriage with the heiress of Austria, soon gratified his wishes, and when removed to Vienna, he called his attendant near his person, and gave him the care of his collection of medals. In this situation Duval lived respected and beloved, and in 1751 he was nominated preceptor to the young prince Joseph, but respectfully declined the offer. He enjoyed good health from the temperance of his habits, and the hard mode of life to which he had inured himself, and devoted himself to the cultivation of literature and to a correspondence with his friends, especially with madame de Guttenberg, lady of the bed-chamber to the empress, a woman whose understanding was similar to his own, and whose goodness of heart, like his own, was displayed in frequent acts of benevolence and charity. In 1752 Duval visited Paris, and was honourably received by the learned; and on his return, passing by Artonay, his native village, he purchased the house which the indigence of his sister had sold, and built on the spot where he was born a neat house, which he appropriated to the residence of the public schoolmaster of the place. He died on the 3d of September, 1775. It may be truly said, that he was one of those extraordinary men who, notwithstanding the disadvantages of low birth, and the many obstacles they have to encounter, emerge from obscurity by the natural force of their own genius. To a sound judgment, improved by study and reflection, he united great knowledge and strict virtue, which endeared him to all those with whom he was acquainted. At the imperial court he always lived like a philosopher, in the greatest simplicity. The whole year, through the various

changes of fashion which took place in the world, made no alteration in his arrangements.. His domestic, who was his friend rather than his servant, he always sent home in the evening to his wife, and then prepared his light supper himself in his apartment over a large spirit lamp. After his death, M. de Koch, secretary of legation at Petersburg, his intimate friend, collected and published his works, which one cannot read, and particularly the account of his life written by himself, without entertaining great esteem and affection for the benevolent and candid author. They are entitled Euvres de Valentin Jameray Duval, precédées des Mémoires sur sa Vie. Avec figures. St. Petersburg and Strasbourg, tom. ii. 1784-8. Duval carried on an epistolary correspondence for thirteen years with a young Russian lady of great genius, mademoiselle Anastasia Solocoff, who was a Circassian by birth, educated at Paris, at that time a lady of the bedchamber to Catharine II., and married afterwards to the Russian colonel von Ribas. Their letters will bear a comparison with those of a Sevigné, a Ninon, a Badet, and a Voltaire; and form an interesting work, which cannot be perused with indifference by any reader of taste. Some account of Duval may be found in Calmet's Histoire de Lorraine, tom. iv. contenant la Bibliothèque de Lorraine, p. 952, et seq.

DUVENEDE, (Marc van,) a painter, born at Bruges, in 1674. He went in early life to Rome, and became a pupil of Carlo Maratti, with whom he remained four years. On his return to Flanders he was employed upon several grand works for the churches and convents. At Bruges, in the chapel of St. Christopher, is a capital picture by him of the Martyrdom of St. Laurence, and in the same town is another work of his, the Idolatry of Solomon. He died in 1729.

DUVERNEY, (Joseph Guichard,) a celebrated French anatomist, born at Feurs, in Forez, in 1648. After studying medicine at Avignon, he went to Paris, where his lectures were attended by thronging audiences, attracted by the exquisite beauty of his enunciation and gesture, as well as by his professional ability. In 1676 he was admitted into the Academy of Sciences, and three years after was appointed professor of anatomy at the royal garden. His principal work is, Tr. de l'Organe de l'Ouie, Paris, 1683, with plates admirably engraved by Sebas tian Le Clerc. He was also the author of

Traité des Maladies des Os, Paris, 1751, 2 vols, 12mo; of which an English translation appeared in 1762, 8vo; and his Œuvres Anatomiques, 2 vols, 4to, were published at Paris, 1761. He died in 1730.

DUVOISIN, (John Baptist,) a French prelate, born in 1744, at Langres, where he received his education at the Jesuits' college. He then studied at St. Sulpice, and afterwards at the Sorbonne, where he greatly distinguished himself, and took his doctor's degree. In 1792 he was made grand vicar and canon of the diocese of Laon, and in September of that year suffered deportation with several of his brethren. He fled to England, and thence to Belgium, and settled at length at Brunswick, where he supported himself by tuition. In 1802, on the re-establishment of religious worship, he returned to France, and was made bishop of Nantes, where his conduct recommended him to the favourable notice of Napoleon, who made him a member of the Legion of Honour, and created him a baron. He was one of the four bishops who were chosen to reside with the pope during his captivity at Savona and Fontainebleau, and earnestly supplicated the emperor to liberate the pontiff. He died in 1813. He wrote, Dissertation Critique sur la Vision de Constantin, Paris, 1774, 12mo; L'Autorité des Livres du Nouveau Testament contre les Incrédules, 1775, 12mo; L'Autorité des Livres de Moyse établie et défendue contre les Incrédules, 1778, 12mo; Essai Polémique sur la Religion Naturelle, 1780, 12mo; Démonstration Evangélique, 1800, 12mo. This last is a treatise designed to protect the members of the Roman Catholic Church against the sophisms of modern infidelity.

DWIGHT, (Timothy,) a popular American divine, of the Presbyterian persuasion, born in 1752, at Northampton, in Massachusetts. Intense study in early life brought on a weakness of sight, and an acute pain in the eyes, which made it impossible for him to read, during a period of forty years, for more than a quarter of an hour a day. His extensive information was chiefly derived from what was read to him. For the sake of his health, he used to make regular excursions, and he has given the result of his observations in his Travels in New England and New York, 4 vols, 8vo, 1823. In 1795 he was appointed president of Yale college. He was also professor of theology, and published a course of lectures delivered by him in that

capacity, in 5 vols, 8vo, entitled, Theo logy explained and defended, in a series of Sermons. He had been for several years engaged in tuition, as teacher in a private seminary. He died in 1817. After his death two additional volumes of his Sermons were published, in 1827. His theological works have been often reprinted.

On his

DYER, (Sir Edward,) a poet of the Elizabethan age, born about 1540. He was educated at Oxford, either in Balliol college or Broadgate's hall, when he discovered a propensity to poetry and polite literature, but left it without a degree, and travelled abroad. return he was taken into the service of the court. He now obtained considerable celebrity as a poet, and was a contributor to the English Helicon. Queen Elizabeth had a great respect for his abilities, and employed him in several embassies, particularly to Denmark in 1589; and on his return conferred on him the chancellorship of the Garter, on the death of Sir John Wolley, 1596, and at the same time knighted him. Sir Edward partook of the credulity of the times, studied chemistry, and was thought to be a Rosicrusian. He was at least a dupe to the famous astrologers Dee and Kelly. He wrote pastoral odes and madrigals, some of which are in England's Helicon, first published at the close of Elizabeth's reign, and republished in the Bibliographer. He died some years after the accession of James I.

DYER, DIER, or DEYER, (SirJames,) an eminent lawyer, born at Roundhill, Somersetshire, in 1511, and educated at Broadgate hall, now Pembroke college, Oxford, and removed to the Middle Temple, London, where he greatly distinguished himself. In 1552 he was elected Speaker of the House of Commons; and in the following year he was made serjeant at law. In 1556 he was made one of the judges of the Common Pleas, in 1557 removed to the King's Bench, and in 1559 again restored to the Common Pleas, and the next January he was made chief justice of that court. He died at his seat of Stanton, in Huntingdonshire, in 1582. He wrote a large volume of Reports, published twenty years after his death, and reprinted often, and deservedly commended by Sir Edward Coke. left also some other law tracts, and, for his learning and great excellence of character, fully merited the eulogium passed on him by Camden.

He

DYER, (William,) a nonconformist,

DYER, (John,) an English poet, son of Robert Dyer, an eminent Welsh solicitor, was born in 1700. After receiving his education at Westminster school, under Dr. Friend, he was called home to be instructed in his father's profession. But a taste for poetry and the fine arts led him to cultivate versification and painting, and he became an itinerant artist, and wandered about South Wales and the parts adjacent. In 1727 he published his Grongar Hill; and, after travelling in Italy, for the purpose of refining his taste by a contemplation of the remains of antiquity there, he published, on his return, his Ruins of Rome, 1740. He soon after took orders, and had several ecclesiastical preferments. In 1757 he published his celebrated poem, The Fleece, of which Dr. Johnson relates this ludicrous story:-Dodsley, the bookseller, was one day mentioning it to a critical visitor, with more expectation of success than the other could easily admit. In the conversation the author's age was asked, and being represented as advanced in life, “He will," said the critic, "be buried in woollen." Dyer died in 1758. His character, as a writer, has been fixed by the three poems already mentioned. Of Grongar Hill, Dr. Johnson observes, that "the scenes which it describes are so pleasing, the images which they raise so welcome to the mind, and the reflections of the writer so consonant to the general sense or experience of mankind, that when it is once read, it will be read again." Dyer's poems were published in one volume, 8vo, in 1761.

DYER, (Samuel,) a learned writer, born about 1725, and educated at Northampton, under Dr. Doddridge. He afterwards studied under professor Hutcheson at Glasgow, and at Leyden, where he remained two years. In 1758 he undertook the revisal of the English edition of Plutarch's Lives. In this he translated anew only the lives of Demetrius and Pericles. In 1759 he became a commissary in the army in Germany, and

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continued in that station to the end of the Seven Years' War, when he returned to England, and on the formation of the Literary Club, (composed of Dr. Johnson and his friends) in 1764, he was the first member elected into that society. He died in 1772. Mr. Malone asserted, without a shadow of proof, that Dyer was the author of Junius's letters.

DYER, (George,) a classical scholar and miscellaneous writer, born in London, in 1755, and educated at Christ's Hospital, and at Emmanuel college, Cambridge. After taking his degree of B.A. he was employed as usher at a free grammar school at Dedham, in Essex, and subsequently as a private tutor. He then returned to Cambridge, and entered the family of his friend Mr. Robinson, the dissenting minister of St. Andrew's. He afterwards went to Oxford, and officiated as a dissenting preacher. From the year 1792, his residence was in London, where Dr. Priestley and Mr. Gilbert Wakefield were among his most influential friends. He published a volume, entitled Complaints of the Poor, which contained the result of his observations upon prison discipline; for which purpose he had personally examined all the prisons in and about the metropolis; an inspection which he repeated from time to time. He also edited two plays of Euripides, and the Greek Testament; but the greatest labour of his life was the share he had in Valpy's edition of the Classics, in 141 vols; being a combination of the Delphin, Bipont, and Variorum editions. With the exception of the preface, Dyer contributed all that was original in this work, upon which he was engaged from the year 1819 to 1830. He published, among other works, Memoirs of the Life and Writings of Robert Robinson. Poems, 1792, 4to. The Poet's Fate, a Poetical Dialogue, inscribed to the Society for the Establishment of a Literary Fund, 1797. An Address to the People of Great Britain on the Doctrine of Libels and the Office of Juror, 1799. Four Letters on the English Constitution, 1813 and 1817. History of the University and Colleges of Cambridge; including notices relating to the Founders and eminent Men, 2 vols, 8vo, 1814. The Privileges of the University of Cambridge; together with additional observations on its Antiquities, Literature, and Biography, 1824, 2 vols, 8vo. He died in 1841.