kitchen, is circular, or nearly so, in plan, with three loops opening beneath pointed arch recesses. This floor has plain chamfered ribs. The entrance was at the gorge; and on the right, or south, is a well-stair ; and on the left traces of a mural chamber. These no doubt occupied the two circular turrets shown appended to this tower in the view of 1597. The first floor is evidently original, though still more obscured than that below. This tower is probably of the reign. of Henry III.

The jewels seem to have been moved here soon after 1641, from the south side of the White tower, then used as a powder-magazine, which it was feared might be endangered by the adjacent chimneys. The present Jewel-house is a modern brick building, 48 ft. by 28 ft., built close south of this tower, and in the line of the curtain, which seems to have been pulled down to make place for it.

The Crown jewels, regalia, and the public treasures, were originally lodged in the New Temple. King John, however, employed the Tower as a treasury; and sent 4000 marks thither in 1212. The Bishop of Winchester was his treasurer there in 1215. In 1218, when De Fawkenberg was treasurer, money was kept both here and at the Temple. 37 Hen. III., (1252-3), the Royal jewels and treasure were kept at both places. But, in that year, the regalia were sent, sealed up, to the tower; and, from this reign, the Treasury was here. Thus, (14 Edw. III.), certain jewels are described as "En la Blaunche Tour deinz la tour de Londres." And, (18 Edw. III.), are

mentioned: "Claves interioris cameræ juxta aulam nigram in Turre Lond. ubi jocalia Regis privata reponuntur." And, (30 Edw. III.), we hear of the "Tresorie deinz la haute Toure de Londres." Long afterwards there were, perhaps, two strong places; for, (20 Jas. I.), occurs: "His Majesty's secret Jewell house in the Tower." [Kal. of the Exch. iii., 197, 208, 225, 424]. And such entries are numerous.

It was in 1673, while the regalia were in Martin tower, that the attempt of the notorious Colonel Blood was made upon them.

Constable's Tower stands 102 ft. south of Martin's tower. It seems to have resembled Broad Arrow tower in pattern and dimensions; but it has, to all appearance, been recently rebuilt from the foundations. It is now a half-round tower of 32 ft. diameter, rising a story above the curtain, which seems also to have been rebuilt. It bore its present name under Henry VIII., and was a prison at least as early as 1641.-[Harl. MS., 1326].

From hence to Broad Arrow tower, the Curtain, 102 ft. in length, seems, for the most part, to be old; but it is completely locked in, on both faces, by houses.

Broad Arrow Tower, though obscured by modern buildings, does not seem to have been much altered. In general arrangement it resembles Beauchamp tower, but has only two stages, and is much smaller, being 26 ft. diameter, with a projection on the curtain of 13 ft. Its inner face is flush with the curtain. On each flank is a small square turret. That on the

north contains a steep narrow stair, not a well, entered below by a Caernarvon doorway. That on the south contains a small chamber, probably a garderobe. The ground floor is entered from the gorge, and is a rude, half round chamber with three loops under droppointed arches.

The upper chamber seems to have had four outward faces, and a loop in each; and another in the gorge wall. The mural chamber, 6 ft. by 4 ft., has a lancet vault and door, and a loop commanding its curtain southward. A passage from the rampart traverses this upper floor, making it a place d'armes. The stair is continued to the battlements. In 1532, this was "The tower at the east end of the wardrobe," and as late as the reign of Elizabeth, the wardrobe gallery abutted on

this tower, extending from it towards the Keep.

The Curtain from Broad Arrow to Salt tower, 156 ft., is SO completely locked in by high buildings on each face, that its rampart walk serves as a gutter between the two lines of roof. It is evidently

original, about 30 ft. high, and 12 ft. thick at the base. It does not appear to contain any cells like those in the west curtain.

Salt Tower, in 1532 Julius Caesar's tower, caps the south-east angle of the ward. It is circular in plan, 30 ft. in diameter, and 62 ft. high. It is constructed of uncoursed rubble, with vertical lines of ashlar, resembling coigns, as in Beauchamp tower.

The ground floor, entered from the inner ward between the two curtains, is an irregular pentagon with The door five loops beneath drop-arched recesses.

opens into a short passage at the north end of the west wall under a segmental arch, against which abuts a similar but half-arch in the north wall, under which a small door with a drop-arch leads into the ascending well-stair. The arch rings are all of good ashlar, but the room is not vaulted.

The well-stair, which lies between the tower and its north curtain, at a height of about 10 ft. leads by a narrow branch to a niche or recess in the curtain,

having a drop-arch reinforced by a plain chamfered rib. This recess is open in the rear, and has a loop raking the outside of the tower and the cross wall of the outer ward.

The stair goes on to the first and second floor and leads. The first floor, also a pentagon, has on the south face a good but plain Early Decorated stone chimney hood, with scroll moulding and plain corbels. In the two eastern faces are loops. In the west is a large two-light window, a

modern restoration, and close to it a lancet opening, no doubt once a door leading to the south curtain. The staircase door enters on the north side, and close to it is a loop pointing north along the face of the curtain. From this floor a passage leads along the curtain towards the Broad Arrow tower; from it opens a small garderobe.

There is a third stage, and above it the battlements. Salt tower was the meeting point of four curtains. The east and south walls of the inner ward, of equal height and thickness, and two walls of smaller dimensions, of which one ran east, and traversed the east member of the outer ward, and one ran south to Well tower, and traversed the south member. Each of these had a gateway, opening into the space between them, and leading to the Iron gate postern. Of the five loops on the ground floor of Salt tower, two opened north-eastward upon the outer ward, two south-westward upon that ward towards Cradle tower, and one south-eastwards towards Galleyman tower and the postern.

Salt tower has undergone recent and complete restoration. Its original features, however, seem to have been preserved.

A section of the Curtain between Salt and Lanthorn tower seen against the wall of the former, shows it to have been 10 ft. thick and about 20 ft. high, but the rest of it was probably removed before 1532 to make way for the queen's gallery. This curtain terminated in the Lanthorn tower.

The Lanthorn Tower has been long since pulled