Kiao-Chau colony in north China in 1897. She at once erected there a tariff and rate wall that an American manufacturing giraffe cannot cannot look over, much less jump over. If an American salesman, who has sold goods at a dozen ports of China and the Far East, ever sold anything except himself at German Tsing-Tau, I will give him a medal.

If Germany, instead of Britain, won the high seas, that is what we might expect in the Far East, as well as the eventual loss of our base there, the Fhilippines, after some trumped-up excuse. Let us not forget how Admiral Von Diederichs held up his hand against Admiral Dewey, and how Britain's Admiral Chichester, with his cruiser, the Immortalite, pulled down Diederich's obstructive hand, and waved Dewey onward to the epochal Manila blockade to the tune of the "Star Spangled Banner," played by the band of the Immortalite. That was not merely an instance of the corroboration of the blood and language bond. It was common sense; for we two alone guard the open trade door in vast, potential China, India, the Philippines, etc.

Oligarchism in Germany, whatever may be its diplomatic protestations, really hates America just as much as it hates democratic Britain. A democratic or a constitutional Germany would divide with us, and take the sporting awards of competition in a manly way. An oligarchic Germany would throttle us, as it throttled Luxemburg, Alsace-Lorraine, etc. At least that has been my observation and experience in German China. It is from concrete, particular examples alone that we can consistently argue a fortiori. If the Kaiser had his way, he would go on from victory to victory, and seize and arm Russia and China as satrapies. Esdraelon and the Deluge would be followed by the chaos of man. Egotism would dethrone the altars of our God, who gave us free will as the dearest sign of service.

Those who do not believe this, should visit Alsace and Kiao-chau, etc.

I have had the views of GovernorGeneral Idenburg of the NetherlandsIndies; Governor-General Sarrant of French Indo-China (countries of 65,000,000 population); Governor-General Wingate of British Africa, and they will welcome that day of enlightenment when America comes to the East and Far East, to participate, as an economical partner with Britain, in the opening of the world to commerce, and in withstanding German aggression while it is on an oligarchic, absolute, conscriptive, over-armament basis of commercial exclusiveness. Only America and Britain stand for the open door in the ports of the world, and therefore they ought to stand together in many ways.

America's opportunity to take Germany's place in commerce, finance and maritime interests is now immense and urgent. Let us wake up, and thus help onward the free progress of the world. Commerce is one of God's brightest angels. Militarism is an agent of Lucifer's. Our day is to withstand it.

There are many Germans in trade at Hong Kong, and the British docks are guarded against attack by spies. Mirs Bay, the British possession in the Hong Kong purlieu, where Admiral Dewey outfitted to defeat Admiral Montojo, is Britain's outer line of defense in south China, and would probably be held against a German or Austrian landing. It is not essential, however, to the inner line of Hong Kong's defense. Hong Kong is the strongest post of the white man's forward line in the Far East. Our defense and our docking facilities and shipbuilding in the Philippines cannot compare with it. Its food supplies from rich Canton and the West River section, are well secured. Its docks and shipbuilding plants also surpass Japan's works. Indeed they are a repetition in personnel, etc., of the famous Clyde marine works. The American colony at Tsingtau city is nil. The American

colony at Hong Kong is a large one, and the intercourse with Manila is frequent and intimate.

Much of America's tin, silk, tea, rubber, sesamum salad oil, matting, rice, spices, gunny bags, Java coffee and sugar, comes through Hong Kong, and until the Canadian cruiser "Rainbow," and the British Far East fleet sweeps the Pacific clean, these imports will be delayed.

will go up. The hides and wool of The straw-braid that used to come from Tsingtau will be stopped, and the price of our next "new June straw" China will be delayed, and our shoes and carpets will therefore cost more. Therefore, reasoning cap-apie the American consumer can hardly be enthusiastic for the Kaiser's personal war against commerce, intercourse and mankind.

Revive American Shipping. America must at once arrange to

take Germany's place on the high seas. I beg to express the warning that while America delays in securing a merchant marine, Japan, "the little yellow man," is busy in buying up all the bottoms that he can secure, octogenarians included. If not competed with, Japan will secure much of our carrying trade, and use the information on our invoices against our manufacturers, for he, too, is an ambitious. manufacturer.

America should not delay in getting back on all the seas, and remain there, second to Britain; and in belligerent Germany's place. In time, doubtless, private American capital will see its patriotic duty, and fill out these initial government lines, or indeed take them over under suitable guarantees that are not necessarily paternal.

ESTROYING equal opportunity for industrial effort is another charge against trusts. Traced to its origin, this complaint rests on the proposition that there should be no specialists. Division of labor denies equal opportunity. There must be no master and no servant at any time. Each man must be equal to every other man in the presence of opportunity. Then, every man will supply his own wants from the raw elements of the earth.

He will be a "Jack of all trades and master of none." He will gather his own food, preserve it, and cook it; make his own clothes, be his own physician, teach his children, build his own shelter and his own railroad, if he needs one. He must do all his own work because opportunity, to relation of supplying human wants, must not be monopolized, at any time, by anybody.

There must be no combination of efforts, for in such combination there will necessarily be division of industrial duties and an assignment of work, and this work will develop specialists! Moreover this assignment must be made and continued on the everchanging basis of qualification, and under irrevocable conditions imposed by nature, either of which makes equal opportunity impossible.

Under our present industrial system, in the foundation of which is

RH

division of labor, if we find one man, in his special line, likely to reach unrivaled success, can it be seriously proposed that society shall require him to scatter his talents over all employments, or upon several, in order that he may not outrun his fellows? Even then the stronger would outrun the weaker, and there would be the same relative difference, though on a much lower plane of living.

It is further urged that the merging of small concerns into larger ones leaves no chance for a young man with small capital to enter the field of business. What encouragement is there for a young man to go into the field of business, is a common inquiry. No doubt, to a certain extent, this is true, but not to the extent that shuts young men out of opportunity to take an opportunity and profitable part in the industrial activities of the day.

The railroad destroyed the opportunity of young men who were ambitious to own stages and canal boats, but it opened up an almost unlimited field in the carrying trade, on a much larger plan, and with incomparable advantages and rewards. We need only look back to the time when this country was a forest, the only machine, an ax; the only industry, chopping, and compare the opportunities presented to young men then with the almost indefinite multiplication of opportunities offered him now, to see the advantage that he possesses compared with what his grandfather had.

It is true more people are knocking at the door of opportunity, but there are more doors, and these doors are human wants and every want supplied opens a field for new ones.

It is urged that the sons of the rich will take the best positions and leave the menial places to the sons of the poor. But we all know that failure awaits the business whose management turns away from merit and and chooses nepotism. It is a weak beam in the structure, a rotten rope in the rigging, a coward in the crisis, and when the storms come, as they will, and the strain seizes it, the beam will break, the rope will snap, the coward will waver and the business will shake and fall.

But all men are not Napoleons, though there are a few in every age in the great movements that mark the time. The compensation or the leveling up. comes in succeeding generations, and we all know it comes; we see it when these Napoleons' children are led by the children of the fathers who followed them. Because all cannot advance to the same degree at the same time there are those who seem to teach that none shall advance at any time.

In the industrial activities of life every man plays a part, but the artificial conditions accumulated and established in the growth of centuries, and the natural conditions set by the Almighty decide that man cannot always determine for himself what that part shall be, or the manner and the time and place-when and where and how he shall perform it.

If man was alone in the world, he would have all these opportunities and he could determine his work. But with mountains and rivers, forests and storms, heat and cold, wild beasts and fevers, how pitiable would be his lot compared with the lot of the average man now, however small a part he acts in the complex drama of our industrial life.

Alone, he would be his own master, but also his own servant; he would never be out of work but always out of many things; he would have all the work he wanted—and that is about all he would have.

At this very hour, somebody, somewhere, is straining his mind on a problem of invention, or some improvement. It will be something that people want and for which they will part with their money to obtain. He will think it out. It will make him rich. The opportunity is there for any of us to take, and any one of us would take it, if we could see and know it as he sees and knows it.

The Narrow and Comprehensive View O WISELY consider and decide any question, great or small, we ought to take, not the narrow view of isolated facts, but instead a comprehensive view of the entire movement involved. Thus a mechanic or a common laborer, or a commercial traveler, or all three, thrown out of work by a trust are incidental facts connected with the special productive activities of the time, which may lead some to conclude that the trust is doing, not only these discharged men, but society, a wrong. To see a factory, perhaps the only one in the little town, shut down and dismantled, its workmen discharged and the business of the town ruined, excites our sympathy; when we learn that the plant was bought, and then closed up by a trust, our sympathy makes it easy for us to decide that the