YELLOW PINE CLASSIFICATION AND INSPECTION. Adopted by the Southern Lumber and Timber Association at a Meeting held in Savanna, Ga., February 14, 1883. CLASSIFICATION. Flooring shall embrace four and five quarter inches in thickness, by three to six inches in width. For example: 1x3, 4, 5 and 6; 14x3, 4, 5 and 6. Boards shall embrace all thicknesses under one and a half inches by seven inches and up wide, including one and a half inches in thickness by seven in width. For example: 34, 1, 14 and 12 inches thick by seven inches and up wide. Scantling shall embrace all sizes from two to five inches in thickness, and two to six inches in width. For example: 2x2, 2x3, 2x4, 2x5, 2x6; 3x3, 3x4, 3x5, 3x6; 4x4, 4x5, 4x6; 5x5 and 5x6. Plank shall embrace all sizes from one and one-half to five inches in thickness by seven inches and up in width. For example: 112, 2, 212, 3, 32, 4, 42 and 5x7 and up wide. Dimension sizes shall embrace all sizes six inches and up in thickness by seven inches and up in width, including six by six. For example: 6x6, 6x7; 7x7, 7x8; 8x8, 8x9 and up. Stepping shall embrace one to two and a half inches in thickness by seven inches and up in width. For example: 1, 14, 12, 2 and 212x7 and up wide. Rough edge or flitch shall embrace all sizes one inch and up in thickness by eight inches and up in width, sawed on two sides only. For example: 1, 12, 2, 3, 4 and up thick by 8 and up wide, sawed on two sides only. SQUARE-EDGED INSPECTION. Flooring shall show no wane, shall be free from through or round shakes or knots exceeding one inch and a half in diameter, or more than six in a board; sap no objection. Boards shall show no wane, shall be free from through or round shakes, large or unsound knots; sap no objection. Scantling shall be free from injurious shakes, unsound knots, or knots to impair strength; sap no objection. Plank shall be free from unsound knots, wane, through or round shakes; sap no objection. Dimension sizes-Sap no objection; no wane edges; no shakes to show on outside of stick. All stock to be well and truly manufactured, full to sizes, and saw-butted. MERCHANTABLE INSPECTION. Flooring shall show one heart face, regardless of sap on the opposite side, free from through or round shakes or knots exceeding one inch in diameter, or more than four in a board on the face side. Boards-Nine inches and under wide, shall show one heart face and twothirds heart on the opposite side. Over nine inches wide shall show two thirds heart on both sides; all free from round or through shakes, large or unsound knots. Scantling shall show three corners heart, free from injurious shakes or unsound knots. Plank-Nine inches and under wide shall show one heart face, and twothirds heart on, the opposite side. Over nine inches wide shall show twothirds heart on both sides; all free from round or through shakes, large or unsound knots. Dimension Sizes-All square lumber shall show two-thirds heart on two sides, and not less than one-half heart on two other sides. Other sizes shall show two-thirds heart on faces, and show heart two-thirds of the length on edges, excepting where the width exceeds the thickness by three inches or over, then it shall show heart on the edges for one-half the length. Stepping shall show three corners heart, free from shakes and all knots exceeding half an inch in diameter, and not more than six in a board. Rough edge or flitch shall be sawed from good heart timber, and shall be measured in the middle, on the narrow face, free from injurious shakes or unsound knots. All stock to be well and truly manufactured, full to sizes, and saw-butted. PRIME INSPECTION. Flooring shall show one entire heart face, and two-thirds heart on the opposite side, clear of splits, shakes, or knots exceeding one inch in diameter, or more than four in a board. Boards shall show one heart face, and two-thirds heart on opposite side, free from shakes or large or unsound knots. Scantling shall show three corners heart, and not to exceed one inch of sap on fourth corner, measured diagonally, free from heart shakes, large or unsound knots. Plank shall show one entire heart face; on opposite face not exceeding one-sixth its width of sap on each corner, free from unsound knots, through or round shakes; sap to be measured on face. Dimension Sizes-On all square sizes the sap on each corner shall not exceed one-sixth the width of the face. When the width does not exceed the thickness by three inches, to show half heart on narrow faces the entire length; exceeding three inches, to show heart on narrow faces the entire length; sap on wide faces to be measured as on square sizes. Rough edge, or flitch, shall be measured in the middle on narrow face, inside of sap, free from shakes or unsound knots. CLEAR INSPECTION. Flooring, stepping and boards shall be free of knots, sap, pitch and all other defects. Scantling shall be free of sap, large knots and other defects. Dimension sizes shall be free from sap, large or unsound knots, shakes, through or round. DESIGNATIONS OF THE TRADE. Re-sawed Lumber-Lumber sawed on four sides. WILLIAMSPORT INSPECTION. The well known Allegheny region is largely represented by the operators at Lock Haven and Williamsport, Pa., and the inspection customs of the former are governed by the rules of the West Branch Lumberman's Exchange, as is the case in the surrounding country, outside of those two points, where lumber is handled to any extent. As the shipments from this section are largely to Philadelphia and Baltimore, a knowledge of the inspection customs of the producing point, conveys as well an idea of the inspection at the consuming or distributing points. As in all other markets allowance must be made for variation in practice, while the rules are observed as a standard. RULES OF INSPECTION Adopted by the West Branch Lumberman's Exchange, and in vogue at Williamsport and contiguous points. Selects and Better.-Shall include all the better grades which are equal in value to the following described piece: not less than eight inches in width, and perfect up to ten inches in width, except sap, which may be admitted one and one-half times the thickness on the back side. Above ten inches wide will admit of imperfections equal to three small knots, and sap one and one half times the thickness on face side; above fourteen inches wide will admit of imperfections equal to sap as above, and larger knots and straight split one-sixth the length of the piece; as the width increases, will admit of greater imperfections, but not enough to decrease the value below the first described piece. Picks.-This grade shall include all boards below the grade of Selects and better, that shall be equal in value to a piece of from six to nine inches wide, that shall have a perfect face, with back side sound and free from badly stained sap. Above nine inches wide, will admit of defect equal to sap two inches on either edge of face side, and knots equal to one knot two and one-half inches in diameter. Above thirteen inches wide may admit of defects equal to sap nine inches in width on either edge of face side, and three knots two and one-half inches in diameter. All boards of this grade above ten inches may admit of straight split, one-sixth the length of the piece, but no board shall be of less value than the first described piece. Flooring.-Shall include all boards below Picks that shall be five inches in width, with red, sound knots not exceeding one and one-half inches in diameter. Will admit of sap one and one-half times the thickness of the piece, and when above ten inches in width may admit of straight split one-sixth the length of the piece, and should be free from shakes, rot and loose knots. Third Common or Barn Boards,-Shall include all lumber below the grade of flooring that is of fairly sound character. May admit of straight split one-quarter the length of the piece, and should be free from large loose knots, bad shakes and rot. Culls and Samples.-Shall consist of all lumber of a generally unsound character, and where the imperfections are too great to allow of the board being used for the ordinary uses of Third Common or Barn Boards. Worthless, rotten lumber should not be counted in this grade. Pickets.-No. 1. Shall be clear of knots, wane and black sap; not less than seven-eighths inch thick and two and a half inches wide. No. 2. May include sound knots, stained sap and wane not to exceed one-half the thickness of picket. Square Pickets to be of same grades. Lath.-No. 1. Shall be one and a half inches wide, not less than threeeighths of an inch thick, packed in bundles of 100 pieces to each bundle. Hemlock.-Shall consist of two grades; merchantable and cull hem lock. Shingles.-Are graded Nos. 1 and 2, and are twenty-four inches in length. No. 1. Should be clear of sap and knots; five-eighths-inch at the butt and one-eighth-inch at the point. No. 2. Should be clear at least one-third the length from the butt, but the balance will admit of small knots, if sound, and some sap. MAINE SURVEY. Maine was at one time the heaviest producing section in White Pine. Fifty years ago the lumberman of New York, Connecticut and contiguous states, made annual ocean voyages to Bangor and other points in Maine for their supplies of Pine and Spruce lumber and timber, and the hardy lumbermen of that day, or their sons and successors, have been among the most forward and enterprising agents in the settlement of the then unknown forests of the Northwest. Year by year have the forests of Maine yielded to the brawn and muscle of the lumbermen, and the in satiate appetite of the saw mill, until to-day the character of the Pine resources of the state is well depicted in the designations which attest the prevailing systems of Inspection. While the quantity of pine is very much reduced, the quality of it has also deteriorated in proportion, and the "Survey" is less to the advantage of the purchaser. Maine still boasts a large supply of Spruce and Hemlock, and will be able to supply these for many years to come. In fact, from the well known rapid growth of Spruce, the state will, for a generation at least, be still able to supply its quota, and one-half the state will always be productive forest as the land is worth more to grow timber on than any other crop, and is only culled, not cleared. The Survey of Spruce is rather in favor of the purchaser. PINE. No. 1.-Is entirely dispensed with, and the first quality now recognized is called No. 2. No. 2.-This may be of any length or width, provided, however, that the short lengths and narrows must be good; the shorter and narrower the board, the better the quality required. A board twelve feet long and five or six inches in width, must be entirely free from knots and sap, and must be straight in grain. Larger boards must be nearly free from knots, sap and shake. No. 3.-Must be free from shakes, but a few knots or a little sap will not condemn it. The size of the board goes far to determine this quality; very small pieces otherwise up to grade, would be classed as No. 4. No. 4.-Is a small board usually free from knots, but with some sap. If large boards are put in this number, it is because one-quarter or onethird of the piece is shaky, although the balance may be good. The market recognizes, also, two kinds of shipping boards designated "Shippers", viz.: Smooth and Common. Smooth Shippers.—Are boards without shake or case knots, or any large knots. Common Shippers.—Are boards coarse and knotty, eight inches and upward in width, and twelve feet and upward in length, (These are sometimes manufactured under special orders, when they may be nine inches, ten inches, or even greater widths.) In this grade splits, red streaks or very shaky boards are objectionable. Narrows, or Narrow Boards.-Is the next grade to Common Shippers, and consists of boards too small for Shippers. These must not be very coarse; must be suitable for floor boards. Poor Fours.-These consist of sappy, shaky, or knotty boards, not suited to be classed in either of the foregoing descriptions. |