Some Economic Aspects of War: A Lecture Delivered Before the Army War College at Washington, D.C., April 11, 1913U.S. Government Printing Office, 1914 - 24 Seiten |
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advance army beat their rivals cent character Civil War civilization colonial competing races conflict cosmopolitanism cost credit side death roll destructive effect disregard doctrine dreadnoughts duction earlier period economic conditions economic efficiency Economic historians eighteenth century England enormous entitled Europe fact field Franco-Prussian Franco-Prussian War free trade fundamental cause future genius Government important increased by education individual industrial expansion industrial type influ influence labor large a number lecture loss military expenditures military organization military purposes Napoleon Napoleonic wars natural selection necessity nineteenth century nomic outbreak past peace armament perpetual peace petual Peace philosophic political economy population on subsistence problem productive force Prof prosperity protectionism Prussia psychological question ranks of industry recognize regarding relative numbers reserve force result rivalry between nations rôle scientific theory Sombart spring the ideas strength theoretically theories of society tion to-day tween United vigorous weapons welfare writers
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Seite 6 - We may use, perhaps, the unvarying savage as a metre to gauge the vigour of the constitutions to whose contact he is exposed. Particular consequences may be dubious, but as to the main fact there is no doubt: the military strength of man has been growing from the earliest time known to our history, straight on till now. And we must not look at times known by written records only; we must travel back to older ages, known to us only by what lawyers call real evidence — the evidence of things. Before...
Seite 6 - ... of the competition between nation and nation, or tribe and tribe (for I must use these words in their largest sense, and so as to include every cohering aggregate of human beings) — that I can deal now ; and even as to that I can but set down a few principal considerations. The progress of the military art is the most conspicuous, I was about to say the most showy, fact in human history.
Seite 7 - The cause of this military growth is very plain. The strongest nation bus always been conquering the weaker; sometimes even subduing it, but always prevailing over it. Every intellectual gain, so to speak, that a nation possessed was in the earliest times made use of — was invested and taken out — in war: all else perished.
Seite 7 - But why is one nation stronger than another ? In the answer to that, I believe, lies the key to the principal progress of early civilisation, and to some of the progress of all civilisation. The answer is that there are very many advantages — some small and some great — every one of which tends to make the nation which has it superior to the nation which has it not...
Seite 7 - Conquest improved mankind by the intermixture of strengths; the armed truce, which was then called peace, improved them by the competition of training and the consequent creation of new power. Since the long-headed men first drove the short-headed men out of the best land in Europe, all European history has been the history of the superposition of the more military races over the less military — of the efforts, sometimes successful, sometimes unsuccessful, of each race to get more military ; and...
Seite 20 - Furthermore, they are given actual instruction in various lines in the way of increasing their general intelligence, and they of necessity become in some measure familiar with the intricate mechanism of military weapons, which in itself gives a certain training in the knowledge of machinery. Personally, I believe that the efficiency of factory labor in Germany has been greatly increased through this military education, and that the young men who have been through this training become much more efficient...
Seite 7 - ... improved them by the competition of training and the consequent creation of new power. Since the long-headed men first drove the short-headed men out of the best land in Europe, all European history has been the history of the superposition of the more military races over the less military — of the efforts, sometimes successful, sometimes unsuccessful, of each race to get more military ; and so the art of war has constantly improved. But why is one nation stronger than another? In the answer...
Seite 11 - The heroic struggle of the Dutch for religious liberty and for freedom from the Spanish yoke displays itself, when looked at in a "dry light," as a century-long war for the conquest of East Indian colonies, and an equally long privateering assault on the silver fleets of Spain and the Spanish-American colonial trade.
Seite 6 - Ancient civilization may be compared with modern in many respects, and plausible arguments constructed to show that it is better ; but you cannot compare the two in military power. Napoleon could indisputably have conquered Alexander; our Indian army would not think much of the Retreat of the Ten Thousand. And I suppose the improvement has been continuous: I have not the slightest...
Seite 20 - The argument hardly applies in any serious way to an army such as ours, which is so small in proportion to our great population, but it is very questionable whether it even applies in a case like Germany, with its half million or more of men continuously under arms. The same argument might easily be made regarding the number of able-bodied young people in our high schools, technical schools, and colleges. A few narrow-minded people deny the advantages of education altogether, and a still larger number...