vinced and have had repeated proofs of your zeal for the king's service, and of your affection to me as his general and your friend, so I am fully sensible that my engaging personally this day may be of some loss if I shall chance to be killed; but I beg leave of you, however, to allow me to give one shear darg (that is, one harvest day's work) to the king, my master, that I may have an opportunity of convincing the brave clans, that I can hazard my life in the service as freely as the meanest of them."

"Last of Scots and last of freemen-

Last of all that dauntless race
Who would rather die unsullied
Than outlive the land's disgrace!
O, thou lion-hearted warrior!
Reck not of the after time:
Honor may be deemed dishonor-
Loyalty be called a crime.
Sleep in peace with kindred ashes
Of the noble and the true-
Hands that never failed their country,
Hearts that never baseness knew.
Sleep! and till the latest trumpet
Wakes the dead from earth and sea,
Scotland shall not boast a braver

Chieftain than our own Dundee." •

The followers of Dundee dispersed, not withstanding their success at Killiecrankie. They could not find a leader qualified to head them as their departed chief had done. The Highlanders sought safety in their mountain fastnesses; their chieftains made terms with the revolution government. The officers and gentlemen who had served under Dundee retired to France. There, after experiencing in too many instances the extremest privations, they found themselves reduced to the rank of private sentinels in the armies of Louis Quatorze.

the text, much interesting matter in the form of notes. It is still incomplete, the first volume alone having been published. From this work we extract the story of the MacCarthys, Earls of Clancarty, of which illustrious family Justin MacCarthy, Lord Mountcashel, Lieutenant-General of the Irish Brigade, was a member.

Justin MacCarthy was a younger son of the first Earl of Clancarty, who had followed the fortunes of Charles II. when an exile, but was reinstated in his Irish possessions at the Restoration. The earl's grandson, Donough, third Earl of Clancarty, was a mere youth when the cause for which his family had fought and suffered was finally wrecked in Ireland. He was taken prisoner at the siege of Cork, and imprisoned in the Tower of London, from whence he effected his escape, and sought refuge in France. He had married at the early age of sixteen; and at the time of his death his eldest son, Robert Lord Muskerry, an officer in the British navy, made strenuous efforts to recover the inheritance of his fathers.

The Clancarty estates "had been so secured by Donough's marriage settlement that no alleged rebellion or treason on his part in supporting King James II. against the Revolutionists, even admitting the support of the king to have really been rebellion or treason, could legally affect more than Donough's life interest in such estates; and this marriage having taken place in 1684, any children he might have had by that marriage down to any period of the war of the Revolution in Ireland (from 1688 to 1691) would neces sarily be of such a tender age' then as to be quite incapable of rebellion or treason, and therefore equally incapable of being subjected to any forfeiture of property for offences of which they could not be adjudged guilty. Robert Lord Muskerry, who, on his succession by his father's death to the title of Earl of Clancarty, was in command of a ship of

war off the coast of Newfoundland, consequently returned to Europe to endeavor to recover his property in Ireland."

Robert Earl of Clancarty had many con

through whom to urge his claims to the estates. But the forfeited property was too valuable to be resigned by the then possess ors without a struggle. The English cabi net, influenced by their representations, left the earl to "his legal redress. The law was clear in his favor. A minor at the Revolution, he was incapable of treason; and be claimed under a marriage settlement which

followed in exile the fortunes of the abdicated monarch, we shall glance at the efforts made by the Jacobites in Scotland and England, for the establishment on the throne of Great Britain of his son and grandson,

The first Jacobite rebellion of 1715 is greatly inferior in historic interest to the rising thirty years later, in 1745. The leader of the movement in Scotland, the Earl of Mar, was influenced by motives of personal ambition; and sacrificed, by his incapacity for command, those whom his selfish policy had induced to arm for James Stuart. The "Pretender"-as. the son of James II. was designated-also was not possessed of those personal charcteristics which call into existence the enthusiasm of the people, and attach adherents to a desperate cause. His brief sojourn in Scotland rather disgusted his friends than stimulated their zeal for his restoration.

The insurrection, commenced by Mar, when he summoned to his " tinchel" or hanting-match, at Braemar, the chieftains. and gentlemen well affected to the cause, was inauspiciously terminated at Sheriffmuir, where he was checkmated by his rival, the great Duke of Argyll. Although a drawnbattle, the right wing of each army proving victorious, the conflict at Sheriffmuir resulted in the dispersion of the northern clans who had flocked to Mar's standard; and coupled with the signal overthrow of the Jacobite leaders on the border and in England, completed the discomfiture of this ill-planned revolt:

"There's some say that we wan,
Some say that they wan,
Some say that nane wan at a', man;
But one thing I'm sure,
That at Sherra-muir,

A battle there was that I saw, man;
And we ran, and they ran,

And they ran, and we ran,
But Florence ran fastest of a',

man.

Or if there was running at a', man,
There no man can tell,

Save one brave genarell,

Who first began running of a', man." The suppression of the rising in England, which was headed by the Earl of Derwent water and Mr. Forster, was tragical in the extreme. The insurgents, compelled to surrender at Preston, were treated with ruthless severity by the victors. Derwentwater and Kanmuir perished on the scaffold, while the escape of Lord Nithsdale from the Tower,

achieved by the heroism of his Countess, which preserved him from a similar fate, adds another chapter of deep interest to the true romance of history.

Thirty years of comparative tranquillity succeeded the suppression of the first Jacobite rebellion. Two generations of the House of Hanover sat on the throne of Great Britain. The "Pretender," or the Chevalier St. George, whom his adherents still regarded as King James III., had almost ceased to dream of possessing the inheritance of his fathers, when his son, the youthful representative of the Stuarts, and the Sobieskis, resolved, unaided and alone, to strike a blow for the crown which his grandfather had won. Attended by but seven followers, discountenanced by the Court of France, the young adventurer sailed for Scotland, in the month of July, 1745; and unfurling his banner at Glenfinnin, on the coast of Inverness, summoned the friendly clans around his standard.

The clan Cameron were the first to rally around the banner of Charles Edward Stuart. Their chief, one of the victims of 1715, was himself a son of Sir Evan Cameron, the companion in arms of Montrose and Dundee. Donald Cameron the younger, of Lochiel, the grandson of the redoubtable Sir. Evan, had great influence in the Highlands. His talent and integrity of character made him respected by his own followers, and also by the neighboring chieftains. He was, in common with all judicious friends of the young Prince, extremely averse to a rising which promised but little success, if unsupported by France. These considerations were urged in vain on the gallant Prince, who averred, that if but six trusty men would follow his standard, he would "choose far rather to skulk with them among the mountains of Scotland than to return to France."

The Prince had landed at Borodale, adjoining the southern extremity of Lochnanuagh.. Thence he sent for Lochiel, requesting a personal interview. As the staunch adherent journeyed to meet him, fully bent on deterring him from the enterprise he had undertaken, Lochiel paused for a brief visit at the house of his brother, John Cameron of Fassefern, who endeavored to dissuade him from a personal interview with the Prince, and urged that he should convey his sentiments by letter.

"No," said Lochiel; "although my reasons admit of no reply, I ought, at least, to wait upon his royal highness."

"Brother," said Fassefern, "I know you

better than you know yourself; if this Prince once sets his eyes upon you, he will make you do whatever he pleases."

Cameron of Fassefern judged rightly of the Prince's powers of fascination. Both friends and foes have concurred in describing the manners of Charles Edward as singularly attractive and gracious. He possessed, too, a handsome person, and most winning demeanor. He was then in his twenty-fifth year, inured to manly exercises; hardy, courageous, frank, and hopeful. Nor can he be contemplated at this period of his life otherwise than with warm admiration and respect. The "princely laddie" was worthy of a crown, and was adored by those followers who had personal access to him. Years afterwards, when disasters and sorrows had set their mark on the hero of the "forty-five," those adherents even who had lost their all in his cause, and had but too good reason to judge him harshly, could not speak of him without deep emotion -so lasting, so real was the attachment inspired by his charm of manner, his personal heroism, and his unrepining endurance of cruel reverses of fortune.

But in the instance of Lochiel, the prediction of his brother of Fassefern was completely verified. Lochiel urged on the Prince the hopelessness of the expedition he had undertaken, and refused to arm in so desperate a cause. Had he persisted in his resolve, the rebellion of 1745 would have expired at its very birth; for the Jacobite chieftains of the western highlands were prepared to follow the example of the clan Cameron. Charles Edward having exhausted all his arguments with Lochiel, and without effect, at last exclaimed, as he announced his intention of risking all on the chance of success-" Lochiel may stay at home, and learn from the newspapers the fate of his prince."

"No," said Lochiel; "I will share the fate of my prince, and so shall every man over whom nature or fortune has given me any power." Thus the die was cast, and the rising of the "forty-five" began.

On the 19th of August, the royal standard was unfurled at Glenfinnan, by the Marquis of Tullibardine, titular Duke of Athol. The title and estates of Athol had devolved on his next brother, Tullibardine having been

attainted in 1715. He had lived in exile with James Stuart, and now accompanied his son on his expedition to Scotland. The military leader of the Jacobite forces in "forty-five," was his younger brother. Lord George Murray was a valuable accession to the prince's cause. He had seen service abroad. He pos

The

| sessed talent, as well as devotion to the party he had embraced. To his counsels are due the brilliant successes which attended the Prince's banner, and the manoeuvres which enabled his small army to baffle the more numerous forces sent to oppose him. measures of this able leader made the Prince master of Edinburgh, and a victor in the heart of England, within a few days' march of her alarmed metropolis. With the military details of the descent of the Highland army on the lowlands, the capture of Edinburgh, the victory of Preston, the march to Derby, the victory of Falkirk-when the Jacobite army had again sought Scottish ground -we have nothing to do. Nor shall we detail the dread conflict on Drummossie Muir, when the Stuart cause was hopelessly overthrown on the bloody field of Culloden, and the "son of a hundred kings" became a fugitive and a wanderer "o'er hills that were by right his ain." We pause only to recount a few personal anecdotes of the Jacobite chieftains. Their memorials have been gathered from various sources-some of them already published; others original-the testimony of eyewitnesses and personal actors in the scenes they describe, by the labors of Mr. Robert Chambers.* They form an unpretending volume of unequalled and unsurpassable interest. His book is one which will hardly be read without emotion, even by those whose convictions are entirely opposed to the belief for which the Jacobites fought and died.

It may be interesting to give the names and numbers of the clans who armed for the Stuarts in the " forty-five." These details are given in an octavo life of the Duke of Cumberland. London : 1767 :

450

120

60

At the head of the list we have the name of Lochiel, of whose devotion we have already spoken. He was wounded at Culloden; but lurked in concealment for five months afterwards, until conveyed, with his prince, to France. It was only towards the close of this dreary period of skulking, that Charles Edward and Lochiel found themselves reunited. The prince had been roving among the Western Isles, but being again on the mainland of Scotland, sought eagerly for some means of rejoining his faithful adherent :

"The prince now crossed Loch Arkaig, and was conducted to a fastness in the fir-wood of Auchnacarry belonging to Lochiel. Here he received a message from that chieftain and Macpherson of Cluny, informing him of their retreat in Badenoch, and that the latter gentleman would meet him on a certain day at the place where he was, in order to conduct him to their habitation, which they judged the safest place for him. Impatient to see these dear friends, he would not wait for the arrival of Cluny at Auchnacarry, but set out for Badenoch immediately, trusting to meet the coming chief by the way, and take him back. Of the journey into Badenoch, a long and dangerous one, no particulars have been preserved, excepting that, as the prince was entering the district, he received from Mr. Macdonald of Tullochcroam (a place on the side of Loch Laggan) a coarse brown short coat, a shirt, and a pair of shoesarticles of which he stood in great need. It was on this occasion, and to this gentleman, that he said he had come to know what a quarter of a peck of meal was, as he had once lived on such a quantity for nearly a week. He arrived in Badenoch on the 29th of August, and spent the first night at a place called Corineur, at the foot of the great mountain Benalder. This is a point considerably to the east of any district he had as yet haunted. On the opposite side of Benalde, Loch Ericht divides Badenoch from Athole. It is one of the roughest and wildest parts of the Highlands, and therefore little apt to be intruded upon, although the great road between Edinburgh and Inverness passes at the distance of a few miles. The country was destitute of wood; but it made up for this deficiency as a place of concealment by the rockiness of its hills and glens. The country was part of the estate of Macpherson of Cluny, and was used in summer for grazing his cattle; but it was consider ed as the remotest of his grassings.

Next day, August 30, Charles was conducted to a place called Mellaneuir, also on Benalder, where Lochiel was now living in a small hut with Macpherson younger brother of Breakachie, his principal servant Allan Cameron, and two servants of Cluny. When Lochiel saw five men approaching under arms-namely, the Prince, Lochgarry, Dr. Archibald Cameron, and two servants

he imagined that they must be a military party, who, learning his retreat, had come to seize him. It was in vain to think of flying, even though the supposed military party had been more numerous, for he was still a cripple, in consequence of the wounds in his ancles. He therefore resolved to defend himself as well as circumstances would permit. Twelve firelocks and some pistols were prepared; the chief and his four companions had taken up positions, and levelled each his piece, and all was ready for saluting the approaching party with a carefully-aimed volley, when Lochiel distinguished the figures of his friends. Then, hobbling out as well as he could, he received the Prince with an enthusiastic welcome, and attempted to pay his duty to him on his knees. The gentlemen whom Charles here met for the first time in his wanderings, were, like all those he had met previously, astonished at the elasticity of mind which he displayed in circumstances of so much discomfort and danger, and under prospects, to say the least of them, so much less brilliant than what had recently been before him.

"The day after Cluny's arrival, it was thought expedient that there should be a change of quar ters. They therefore removed two Highland miles further into the recesses of Benalder, to a sheiling called Uiskchilra, superlatively bad and smoky, as Donald Macpherson has described it, but which the Prince never once complained of.