-a soldier whose sword has been engaged in almost all causes. Jacques Leroy de St. Arnaud was born in Paris, the 20th August, 1801, of a family not distinguished by fortune. He was young when he entered the army, in 1816, and, like most of those youths who embraced the military profession during the tranquil reign of Louis XVIII., he gave full play to the love of pleasure and dissipation. During the reign of Charles X. he was for a short time in the body guard of that monarch; but he soon after resigned his situation, for reasons never distinctly explained, but reflecting in some degree on his character, and came to England, where he resided some time. Soon after the revolution of 1830, he returned to France, and once more entered the army. It was at this time, while the regiment to which he belonged was on duty at Fort de Blaze, where the Duchesse de Berri was imprisoned, that he obtained the favorable notice of Marshal Bugeaud, commandant of the citadel, by his intelligence and activity, and, not less, perhaps, by his readiness to execute without scruple whatever orders he might receive in connection with so delicate a trust. But his military reputation rests chiefly on his exploits while serving with the Légion étrangère in Africa, the true military school of the French army. This legion he joined in 1837, passed with the rank of chef de bataillon into the Zouaves, and, in 1844, with the rank of colonel, was appointed to a regiment which was about to form part of the "army of operation" against El-Bou-Maza, the fanatical but gallant successor of Abd-el-Kader. This command was signalized by one event which the dire necessities of war cannot excuse,--the destruction of 600 Arabs who had taken refuge in a cave, and who were deliberately suffocated by piling up lighted fagots at its mouth. The immediate perpetrator of this act was the then Colonel Pelissier, but St. Arnaud witnessed the fire from an elevation at no great distance. Not long after, the heroic El-Bou-Maza came alone to the camp, demanding to be led to St. Arnaud; and to him he surrendered his arms, as to the man to whose bravery he found himself compelled to submit. The captive was, for some few months afterwards, the amusement of the salons of Paris; and St Arnaud received for this exploit the cross of Commander of the Legion of Honor. In 1847, he commanded a regiment in the expedition headed in person by the Duc d'Aumale, in the centre of the countries forming the Ouanseris.

Three members of one family have fallen victims to the sword-all sons of the Hon. Henry Edward Butler. Capt. JAMES ARNAR BUTLER, the hero of Silistria, was born in 1826, and at sixteen years of age was gazetted an ensign, as the reward of his proficiency at Sandhurst. He served in 1846 and 1847 against the Caffres, and from the latter period till 1853 he was at Columba with the Ceylon Rifles. In 1854, he returned to England on haif-pay-only in time to learn of the prospect of war, and to volunteer his services in the East. On his way to the British camp, he was induced so far to alter his plan as to join the Turkish garrison at Silistria, in conjunction with another brave officer, now Major Nasmyth, who happily lives to receive the honor due to his services. How well these two served the cause they volunteered to defend, all men know. It was by the sheer force of personal character that the Turks, always brave, were inspired with that spirit of discipline and endurance before which the armies of Russia were compelled to retreat, By the Turks, Butler was looked upon as a superior being, in whose presence they dared not shrink from the performance of any duty, however severe-and in this spirit they conquered. But the preservation of Silistria was dearly purchased by the life of its best defender. A wound in the forehead, not in itself dangerous, but acting on a constitution worn out with fatigue and anxiety, caused his death on the 20th July, only a day or two before the siege was raised.

Captain Butler had the pain of witnessing, not long before his death, the loss of one of his ablest coadjutors, who must share with him the honor of that wonderful defence. Mussa PASHA, the brave commander of the Turkish troops, was killed by a shell on the 2d of June.

Two brothers of the hero of Silistria have died since his loss was recorded. The Hon. HENRY THOMAS BUTLER, an elder brother, Deputy Assistant Adjutant General, who fell at Inkermann, and a younger brother who died in India, in December last.

The disastrous cavalry charge of Balaclava, on the 25th October, deprived the country of the services of Capt. LEWIS EDWARD NOLAN, at the early age of thirty-six. From his boyhood he seems to have had a passion for that branch of exercise in which he was afterwards so distinguished. Before he was seven

teen, he was known for his daring feats of horsemanship, and for his skill in the use of the sword. In his eighteenth year he entered the Austrian Cavalry service, and in 1839 he was Gazetted to an Ensigncy in the 16th Hussars, which regiment he immediately joined, in India; and here, while enjoying a fame already well earned, he laboured to perfect himself in the theory of his profession. In the present war he acquitted himself as Aidede-Camp to Lord Raglan, in a way worthy

Lieutenant-General Sir GEORGE CATHCART was the fourth son of the first Earl Cathcart, by the daughter of the late Andrew Elliot, Esq. (uncle of the first Earl of Minto). He was born in the year 1794, and entered the army in 1810, as cornet in the 2d Life Guards. In 1813, he accompanied his father, then British Ambassador, to the Court of St. Petersburg, as aide-de-camp, and assisted in the negotiations which were then proceeding, in conjunction with the first Emperor Alexander, for the purpose of forming a European league against Napoleon. From 1813, till the capitulation of Paris, young Cathcart was an actor in every engagement in which the Russians took part against Napoleon. He was engaged at Lützen, 3d May; Bautzen, 20th and 21st May; Dresden, 23d August; Leipsic, 16th, 18th, and 19th October, 1813; Brienne, 1st February; Bar-sur-Aube, Aries, 21st March; and Fère Champanoise, 25th March, 1814. At Quatre Bras and Waterloo he was on the staff of the Duke of Wellington--no inglorious or easy post. Yet, for three years after Waterloo, he remained a lieutenant. Rising by slow degrees through the various grades of the service, he was appointed, in the end of 1851, to the command in the Caffre war, in place of Sir Harry Smith, then only receiving his rank of Major-General. On his return to England, Sir George Cathcart was appointed Adjutant General of the Forces; and suddenly, on the declaration of war, he received an appointment, with the rank of Lieutenant-General, to the command of the Fourth Division.

Brigadier-General THOMAS F. STRANGWAYS was born in 1790, and entered the Royal Ar

tillery as second lieutenant, in 1806. He commenced his career of active service in 1813, when he embarked with the Rocket Brigade, under the immediate command of Colonel Bogue, Royal Artillery, for the north of Germany, as the force sent from this country to be attached to the Swedish army during the campaign. At the battle of Waterloo Lieutenant Strangways was most severely wounded in the hip and spine, while commanding his gun on the crest of the hill in the hotly-contested position behind La Haye Sainte; and it was at first supposed that he was mortally disabled. He was, however, conveyed to the village of Waterloo, but it was several days before he could be removed to Brussels, where the ball was extracted; and he remained in great danger and suffering for months, but ultimately returned with the army of occupation to England to take up the same undistinguished rank that was occupied by those of his brother officers who had remained at home.

It was to his ability in the management of the Artillery that the victory of Inkermann was mainly due. The battery, which was the principal object of attack, had been repeatedly taken and retaken, and General Strangways had left Lord Raglan to direct, in person, the disposition of some guns which were brought to bear upon it. A round shot (aimed, it is supposed, at the Staff), took off his leg, when within sixty yards of the Commander-in-Chief. As the Staff rode up to his assistance, he smiled gently, and said, "Will some one be kind enough to lift me off my horse?" The life-blood had flowed copiously, during the brief period before help could reach him. It was too late to have recourse to amputation. There was just time to convey a few words of love to those who (now that duty was done, so far as human power could avail) were nearest his thoughts. His last words were, "I die at least a soldier's death." A few minutes afterwards he breathed his last. He lies buried beside his gallant friends, on Cathcart's Hill.

Brigadier-General THOMAS LEIGH GOLDIE entered the service in 1825. He was thus too young to have had experience of actual war, but he had distinguished himself in the theoretical branch of his profession by several works on military tactics.

Major-General HENRY WM. ADAMS, C. B., was born in 1805. He entered the army in 1823, and attained the rank of lieutenantcolonel in 1840.

SELIM PASHA, the commander of the Egyptians, who was killed at Eupatoria on the 17th February, was the Mameluke who escaped from the massacre at Cairo, when Mehemet Ali, in 1811, ordered the indiscriminate destruction of all the members of that celebrated body who were then assembled in the town. Selim, who was very young at the time, seeing no other chance of escape, mounted his horse, and forced him to spring from the lofty wall of that town into the empty space. The animal was killed by the fall, but the rider escaped, though not without very grave contusions. Mehemet Ali, astonished alike at the young man's resolution and good fortune, ordered him to be spared, and in a short time he perfectly recovered. He owed his subsequent military career to the kindness of Colonel Selves, at present generalissimo of the Egyptian forces, and well known by the name of Soliman Pasha. Selim Pasha was an excellent commander, and enjoyed the confidence of his men to an extraordinary degree.

The French army has sustained recent losses, in addition to that of the Commanderin-Chief. M. St. LAURENT, Commandant of French Engineers in the right attack, was mortally wounded by a rifle ball, as he was on duty in the French battery over Inkermann. Another heavy loss has been sustained in the death of GENERAL BIZOT, who was wounded on the 11th and died on the 15th of April, before Sebastopol.

The havoc of war has been felt impartially by both the contending parties. Of seven Admirals who were in command at Sebastopol, no less than three have been killed namely, Admirals KORMLOFE, ISTOMINE, and METLIN; and two more, PAMFILOFF and NACHIMOFF, have died of diseases.

One English seaman, whose deeds belong to the past rather than the present, must here be added to our list. REAR-ADMIRAL A. L. CORRY died, in Paris, on the 2d of May, aged sixty-three. He entered the Navy on the 1st of August, 1805, as a first class volunteer, and, after assisting in the operations against the Cape of Good Hope and Buenos Ayres, returned to England in May, 1807, as midshipman of the Sampson, 64. He was second in command of the Baltic Fleet of 1854, under Sir Charles Napier, with his flag in the Neptune, 120, Captain Hutton. In this fleet he saw no likelihood of honor being gained; and early took a disgust at

the inaction manifested, and the disunion but too apparent among the seniors; and therefore invalided, with broken spirits and impaired health. He was an officer universally respected.

GENERAL LAMARE, who conducted the defence of Badajoz, died in the beginning of May, at Fontainbleau, at the age of eighty. He was one of the most eminent engineering officers in France. After the peace he was successively appointed to the direction of Bayonne, Rochelle and Havre. He was at one time a prisoner of war in England, and it is narrated that Napoleon I. showed his great attachment to him, by personally providing means for his escape. Napoleon III. appointed him in 1852, Governor of the Palace of Fontainbleau, which post he held up to the time of his death. General Lamare was known as the author of several military works, and amongst others the history of the sieges of Olivenca, Badajoz, and Campo Mayor.

Who among the readers of books, and lovers of what is genial, human, and truthful, but felt a pang on learning that CURRER BELL was no more? It was as if we had lost a personal friend; and, indeed, who so true friends as those who teach us all we most long to know about our own natures, about this strange world we have to live in, and the human beings we have to live among? Of these Charlotte Bronté, more recently Mrs. Nicholls-but chiefly known and loved as Currer Bell, the author of "Jane Eyre," Shirley," and "Vilette,"was surely one of the foremost and most loveable in these days,

The oldest member of the Académie Française died in March last. CHARLES JOSEPH DE LACRETELLE, well known as a historian and littérateur, is one of the many Frenchmen who have achieved a reputation in the columns of a newspaper. Born at Metz, Aug. 27, 1763, his name was associated with the most fearful incidents of the Revolution. Lacretelle on two different occasions underwent imprisonment in consequence of some articles which savored of opposition; but this was all. His talents and his opinions recommended him to the notice of the Em peror Napoleon. In 1810, he was appointed Dramatic Censor, and likewise Professor of Ancient History at the Sorbonne. In 1811 he succeeded Esménard as member of the French Academy. Lacretelle's works on the

history of France at various periods (the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries; the Revolution and Empire) are well known and held in just esteem.

Count ABEL HUGo, who died in Paris on the 10th of February, at the age of fiftytwo, was the elder brother of the great French poet. Although he did not obtain, in literature, the celebrity which was reserved for him whom Châteaubriand called l'enfant sublime, yet he has affixed his name to a variety of publications still held in some estimation on the other side of the channel.

Amongst the literary leaders of La Jeune France who attempted to revolutionize literature about thirty years ago, GERARD DE NERVAL was one of the most promising.

From Germany we have tidings of the death of DR. ECKERMANN, at Weimar, in the early part of January. The " 'Boswell" of the great Goëthe-his constant and devoted attendant during the last years of his life Eckermann has recorded, in the unpretending shape of "conversations," much matter that otherwise must have been lost to the world, yet which he gives as the key to not a few points in the poet's life and works. After Goethe's death, in 1832, Eckermann became his literary executor.

Another German writer, whose youth gave promise that time was not allowed him to fulfil, died on the 20th of January. The Baron GEORGE SPILLER VON HANENSCHILD, better known by his literary name of "Max Waldau," was one of the most distinguished among the young poets of Germany.

Italy has lost one whom, though no land can boast of braver sons, she could ill spare. The name of AGOSTINO RUFFINI is probably known to few of those who have been delighted by the perusal of "Lorenzi Benoni; or, Passages in the Life of an Italian," yet it deserves to be raised from the obscurity of the anonymous, for far higher merits than even that of a successful effort in literature.

Hungary has recently lost two of her distinguished sons. Count JOSEPH TEKELY, one of her most eminent literary men, died lately at Pesth. He was engaged in writing a historical work on the era of the Hunyades at the time of his death.-Count MAILATH, the historian, and his daughter, who had been residing at Munich for some time, were found

Among the losses of the last half-year, which must also be chronicled with all brevity, we may name Dr. ANDREW CRICHTON, who died in Edinburgh, in the latter part of January last. As an author and contributor to the periodical press, he had long been before the public. His "Lives of Converts from Infidelity," "Translation of Koch's History of Revolutions," published in Constable's Miscellany-his "History of Arabia," published in the Cabinet Library—his "Lives of Blackadder and Colonel Gardiner,"-his edition of the "Life of John Knox ;" and his "History of Scandinavia," may be taken as examples of his literary labors.

Dr. JOSEPH PHILLIMORE, Regius Professor of Civil Law, and Chancellor of the Diocese of Oxford, has been removed from his legal labors at the age of seventy-nine. His speeches at the presentation of Warren Hastings, at the installation of the Duke of Wellington, and on the visit of the Allied Sovereigns, in 1815, are considered as masterpieces of English style.

Two more friends of Sir Walter Scott, have followed close in the train of his son-inlaw and biographer-Lord ROBERTSON and Sir ADAM FERGUSON. Another name, memorable rather for the associations it recalls than for its own sake, is that of the Lady HUмPHREY DAVY, once a brilliant leader in the circles of fashion, who in that capacity captivated the heart of the philosopher.

The cause of physical SCIENCE could hardly have suffered a severer loss than that sustained in the death of Sir HENRY THOMAS DE LA BECHE, which took place on the 13th April, at the age of 59.

A French laborer, in a kindred sphere to that of De la Beche, has been removed, at an age seldom reached by men who toil so hard as the votaries of science. The town of Montbéliard, which was Cuvier's birthplace, reckons also in the number of its children GEORGE LOUIS DUVERNOY, who died in March, 1855, nearly eighty years old. He was born August 6, 1777. Without entering here upon a detailed account of M. Duvernoy's career,