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TREATISE

CONCERNING

RELIGIOUS AFFECTIONS:

IN

THREE PARTS.

PART I. CONCERNING THE NATURE OF THE AFFECTIONS, AND THEIR IMPORTANCE IN RELIGION.

PART II. SHEWING WHAT ARE

NO CERTAIN SIGNS THAT

RELIGIOUS AFFECTIONS ARE GRACIOUS, OR THAT THEY
ARE NOT.

PART. III. SHEWING WHAT ARE DISTINGUISHING SIGNS OF
TRULY GRACIOUS AND HOLY AFFECTIONS.

Lev. ix. ult. and x. 1, 2.—And there came a fire out from before the Lord,-upon the altar;-which when all the people saw, they shouted, and fell on their faces. And Nadab and Abihu-offered strange fire before the Lord, which he commanded them not: and there went out fire from the Lord, and devoured them, and they died before the Lord.

Cant. ii. 12, 13.-The flowers appear on the earth, the time of the singing of birds is come, and the voice of the turtle is heard in our land. The fig-tree putteth forth her green figs, and the vines with the tender grape give a good smell.— Ver. 15. Take us the foxes, the little foxes which spoil the vines: for our vines have tender grapes.

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PREFACE.

THERE is no question of greater importance to mankind, and that it more concerns every individual person to be well resolved in, than this: What are the distinguishing qualifications of those that are in favour with God, and tntitled to his eternal rewards? Or, which comes to the same thing, What is the nature of true religion? and wherein lie the distinguishing notes of that virtue which is acceptable in the sight of God? But though it be of such im~portance, and though we have clear and abundant light in the word of God to direct us in this matter, yet there is no one point wherein professing Christians differ more one from another. It would be endless to reckon up the variety of opinions, in this point, that divide the Christian world; making manifest the truth of that declaration of our Saviour, Strait is the gate, and narrow is the way, that leads to life, and few there be that find it.

The consideration of these things bas long engaged me to attend to this matter with the utmost diligence and care, and all the exactness of search and inquiry of which I have been capable. It is a subject on which my mind has been peculiarly intent, ever since I first entered on the study of divinity. But as to the success of my inquiries, it must be left to the judgment of the reader of the following treatise.

I am sensible it is difficult to judge impartially of the subject of this discourse, in the midst of the dust and smoke of present controversy, about things of this nature. As it is more difficult to write impartially, so it is more difficult to read impartially.—Many will probably be hurt, to find so much that appertains to religious affection here condemned: and perhaps indignation and contempt will be excited in others, by finding so much justified and approved. And it may be, some will be ready to charge me with inconsistence with myself, in so much approving some things, and so much condemning others; as I have found that this has always been objected to me by some, ever since the beginning of our late controversies about religion. It is a difficult thing to be a hearty zealous friend of what has been good and glorious in the late extraordinary appearances, and to rejoice much in it; and, at the same time, to see the evil and pernicious tendency of what has been bad, and earnestly to oppose that. Yet, I am humbly but fully persuaded, we shall never be in the way of truth, a way acceptable to God, and tending to the advancement of Christ's kingdom, till we do so. There is indeed something very mysterious in it, that so much good, and so much bad, should be mixed together in the church of God: as it is a mysterious thing, and what has puzzled and amazed many a good Christian, that there should be that which is so divine and precious, as the saving grace of God, dwelling in the same heart, with so much corruption,

hypocrisy, and iniquity, in a particular saint. Yet neither of these is more mysterious than real. And neither of them is a new thing. It is no new thing, that much false religion should prevail, at a time of great revival; and that, at such a time, multitudes of hypocrites should spring up among true saints. It was so in that great reformation, and revival of religion, in Josiah's time; as appears by Jer. iii. 10. and iv. 3, 4. and also by the great apostacy there was in the land, so soon after his reign. So it was in that great out pouring of the Spirit upon the Jews, in the days of JOHN the BAPTIST; as appears by the great apostacy of that people, so soon after so general an awakening, and the temporary religious comforts and joys of many; John v. 35. Ye were willing for a season to rejoice in his light. So it was in those great commotions among the multitude, occasioned by the preaching of Jesus Christ. Of the many that were then called, but few were chosen; of the multitude that were roused and affected by his preaching-and at one time or other appeared mightily engaged, full of admiration of Christ, and elevated with joy but few were true disciples, that stood the shock of trials, and endured to the end. Many were like the stony or thorny ground; and but few, comparatively, like the good ground. Of the whole heap that was gathered, great part was chaff, that the wind afterwards drove away; and the heap of wheat that was left, was comparatively small; as appears abundantly by the history of the New Testament. So it was in that great outpouring of the Spirit in the apostles' days; as appears by Matth. xxiv. 10-13. Gal. iii. 1. and iv. 11, 15. Phil. ii. 21. and iii. 18, 19.; the two epistles to the Corinthians, and many other parts of the New Testament. And so it was in the great reformation from Popery.-It appears plainly to have been in the visible church of God, in times of great revivals as it is with the fruit-trees in the spring; there are multitudes of blossoms, which appear fair and beautiful, and there is a promising appearance of young fruits: but many of them are of short continuance; they soon fail off, and never come to maturity.

It is not, however, to be supposed, that it will always be so; for, though there never will, in this world, be an entire purity, either in particular saints, by a perfect freedom from mixtures of corruption; or in the church of God, without any mixture of hypocrites with saints-or counterfeit religion and false appearances of grace with true religion and real holiness-yet, it is evident, there will come a time of much greater purity in the church, than has been in ages past *. And one great reason of it will be, that at that time, God will give much greater light to his people, to distinguish between true religion and its counterfeits; Mal. iii. 3. And he shall sit as a refiner and purifier of silver; and he shall purify the sons of Levi, and purge them as gold and silver, that they may offer to the Lord an offering in righteousness. With ver. 18. which is a continuation of the prophecy of the same happy times, Then shall ye return, and discern between the righteous and the wicked; between him that serveth God, and him that serveth him not.

It is by the mixture of counterfeit religion with true, not discerned and distinguished, that the devil has had his greatest advantage against the cause and kingdom of Christ. It is plainly by this means, principally, that he has prevailed against all revivals of religion, since the first founding of the

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* This appears plain by these texts of scripture, Is. lii. 1. Ezek. xliv. 6, 7, 9. Joel iii. 17. Zech. xiv. 21. Psal. Ixix. 32, 35, 36. Is. xxxv. 8, 10. Chap. iv. 3, 4. Ezek. xx. 58. Psal. xxxvii. 9, 10, 11, 29.

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