majesty was pleased to take particular notice of his abilities. He was ejected out of his mastership of PeterHouse in 1662, and died in 1675.*. He printed several sermons, and a Vindication of the Judgment of the reformed Churches concerning ordination.

Dr. Ralph Cudworth is so universally known in the learned world, for his great learning, which he discovered in his Intellectual System, that I shall only observe, he conformed at the restoration, and a little before resigned his mastership of Clare-Hall into the hands of Dr. Dillingham, who continued in it to his death.

Mr. Richard Vines was a very learned and excellent divine, a popular and laborious preacher, one of the parliament divines at the treaty of the Isle of Wight, and a most industrious and useful man in his college. He was turned out of his mastership for refusing the engagement, and died before the restoration.

Dr. Benjamin Whitchcot was fellow of Emanuel college, and upon the ejectment of Dr. Collins preferred to the mastership of King's college, in which he continued till the restoration, and then conformed. The account archbishop Tillotson gives of him is this; "that he was an excellent tutor and instructor of youth, and bred up many ́ persons of of quality and others, who afterwards proved § Calamy's Abridg. vol. ii. p. 16.

*He always earried about with him a small Plantin Hebrew Bible without points. He had a deep and piercing judgment in all points of controversial divinity: nor was he less able to defend than find out the truth. Upon the invitation of an honorable lady, who was the head of a noble family, and was often solicited by Romish priests to change her religion, he engaged two of the most able priests they could pick out in a dispute, in the presence of the lord and lady for their satisfaction; and, by silencing them upon the head of transubstantiation, was instrumental to preserve that whole family stedfast in the protestant religion. Dr. Grey acknowledges, on Mr. Wood's authority, that he was a learned man, and died much lamented by the brethren. Palmer's Nonconformist's Memorial, vol. i. p. 77.

Ed.

†This work, distinguished by the excellence of its reasoning and the variety of its learning, was published to stem the torrent of irreligion and atheism that prevailed in the reign of Charles II. The author, who was superior to all his contemporaries in metaphysics, was father to the learned and accomplished lady Masham, of Oates in Essex, in whose house Mr. Locke spent the last fourteen years of his life. Granger's History of England, vol. iii. p. 283. 8vo. Ed.

' useful and eminent; that he contributed more to the forming the students to a sober sense of religion than any man of that age. He never took the covenant, and by his 'particular friendship and interest with some of the chief 'visitors, prevailed to have the greatest part of the fellows of his college exempted from that imposition."§

Mr. Herbert Palmer, B. D. was one of the university preachers in 1632, and clerk in convocation for the diocese of Lincoln, at the beginning of this parliament; he was one of the assessors of the assembly of divines at Westminster, and on April 11, 1644, constituted master of Queen's college by the earl of Manchester. He was very careful to appoint such persons for tutors of youth as were eminent for learning and piety; and being possessed of a good paternal estate was unbounded in his liberality. He was a polite gentleman, a complete master of the French language, in which he could preach as well as in English; but his constitution being infirm he died in the year 1647, when he was only forty-seven years of age.*

Dr. T. Young was an eminent member of the assembly of divines (says Mr. Clarke†) a man of great learning, of much prudence and piety, and of great ability and fidelity in the work of the ministry. He was a preacher at Duke'sPlace in London, from whence he was preferred to the mastership of Jesus college, where he behaved with great prudence and piety, till he was turned out for refusing the engagement. He was one of the authors of the pamphlet called Smectymnuus.

"His notions of religion were like his charity," says Mr. Granger, exalted and diffusive, and never limited by the narrow prejudices of sects and parties. He was disgusted with the dryness and foolish'ness of preaching that prevailed in his time; and encouraged the 'young students of his college to form themselves after the best models of Greece and Rome." History of England, vol. iii. p. 283-4. 8vo. Ed.

Clarke's Lives, p. 183, annexed to his GENERAL MARTYROLOGY.

* What archbishop Laud urged in his defence at his trial, as an instance of his impartiality, ought to be mentioned here to his credit: namely, that he presented Mr. Palmer, though professedly of puritan principles, on account of his excellent character, to the vicarage of Ashwell in Hertfordshire, in 1632. Granger's History of England, vol. ii. p. 183. 8vo. ED.

† Clarke's Lives, p. 194.

Dr. John Arrowsmith was fellow of Catherine-hall, and of an unexceptionable character for learning and piety. He was an acute disputant, and a judicious divine, as appears by his Tactica Sacra, a book of great reputation in those times. He died before the restoration.

Dr. Thomas Hill was fellow of Emanuel college, and one of the assembly of divines at Westminster. He was first constituted master of Emanuel, and afterwards removed to Trinity college, where he employed all his zeal in the advancement of knowledge and virtue, and in keeping up the college exercises. He was twice vice-chancellor, and as solicitous to preserve the honor and privilege of the university as any of his predecessors. He was a zealous calvinist, and after about ten year's government of his college died in the year 1653.§

Dr. Anthony Tuckney had been vicar of Boston in Lincolnshire, from whence he was called up to sit in the assembly of divines at Westminster. In the year 1645, he was constituted master of Emanuel college. In 1653, he was chosen master of St. John's, and upon the death of Dr. Arrowsmith, regius professor of Oxford, which place he enjoyed till the restoration, when king Charles II. by letter under the hand of secretary Nicholas, ordered him to resign, promising him, in consideration of his great pains and diligence in discharge of his duty, one hundred pounds per ann. which was paid by his successor till his death, in the year 1671. He left behind him the character of a pious and learned man, an indefatigable student, a candid disputant, and a zealous promoter of truth and piety. He published some practical treatises in his life; and his Prolectiones Theologica, with a volume of sermons, were printed after his death.*

Clarke's Lives, p. 230, ut ante. + Calamy's Abridg. p. 77.

* Dr. Tuckney was also vice-chancellor of the university of Cambridge, and after the restoration was appointed one of the commissioners at the conference held at the Savoy. His modesty was as distinguishing as his learning. He presided over his college, which never flourished more than under his government, with great prudence and ability. And is said to have shewn more courage in maintaining the rights and privileges of the university in the lawless time in which he lived, than any of the heads of houses at Cambridge. Granger's History of England, vol. iii. p. 305-6, Svo. Ed.

Dr. Richard Minshull was fellow of Sidney college, and upon the death of Dr. Ward chosen regularly, according to the statutes, into the vacant mastership, and continued therein till the restoration, when he conformed, and was confirmed in his place, which he filled with reputation till his death.

Dr. William Spurstow, one of the assembly of divines, and one of the commissioners at the Savoy in the year 1662,* was a person of good learning, of a peaceable and quiet disposition, and of great humility and charity. He was turned out of his mastership of Catherine-hall for refusing the engagement, and was succeeded by the famous

Dr. Lightfoot, the most complete master of oriental learning of his age; the doctor enjoyed this mastership, with the sequestered livings of Much-Munden, given him by the assembly of divines, till the restoration, when he would have resigned it back into the bands of Dr. Spurstow, but he declining it, Lightfoot conformed, and upon his application to the king was confirmed in both his preferments till his death. His works were published by Mr. Strype in two volumes folio.

If it should be granted, that the new professors were not at first so expert in the learning of the schools as their predecessors, that defect was abundantly supplied by their application and diligence in their places, and by their observing a very strict and severe discipline; the tutors were constant in reading lectures not only in term-time, but out of it; the proctors and other officers had a strict eye over the students to keep them within bounds, and oblige them to be present at morning and evening prayer. The Lord's-day was observed with uncommon rigor; there were sermons and prayers in all the churches and chapels both morning and afternoon. Vice and profaneness were banished, insomuch that an oath was not to be heard within the walls of the university; and if it may be said without offence, the colleges never appeared more like nurseries of religion and virtue that at this period. The noble historian confesses, the university of Oxford flourished as much in learning and learned men at the res* Calamy's Abridg. vol. ii. p. 471. Ibid. vol. iii. p. 74.

toration, as before the civil wars, which is equally true of Cambridge. And it ought to be remembered, that most of the considerable divines and philosophers who flourished in the reigns of king Charles the second and king William the third, owed their education to the tutors of those times, for whom they always retained a great veneration.

Though the form of inducting the new masters was not according to the statutes, (as has been observed) because of the distraction of the times, it is evident this was not designed to be a precedent for their successors, as appears by the manner of their investiture, which was this; Mr Lazarus Seaman having been examined and approved by the assembly of divines at Westminster, the earl of Manchester came in person into the chapel of Peter-house, April 11, and did there declare and publish Mr. Lazarus Seaman to be constituted master of the said Peter house, in the room of Dr. Cosins, late master, who had been justly and lawfully ejected; requiring Mr. Seaman to take upon him that office, putting him into the master's seat and delivering to him the statutes of the college in token of his investiture, straitly charging the fellows, &c. to acknowledge and yield obedience to him, notwithstanding he was not elected, nor admitted according to the ordinary course prescribed by the said statutes in this time of distraction and war, there being a necessity of reforming, as well the statutes themselves, as the members of the said house. The earl then gave him an instrument under his hand and seal to the same effect, and administered him an oath or protestation, which he took in the following words:

"I do solemnly and seriously promise, in the presence of Almighty God the searcher of all hearts, that during the time of my continuance in this charge, I shall faithfally labor to promote learning and piety in myself, the 'fellows, scholars, and students, that do or shall belong to the said college, agreeably to the late solemn national league and covenant, by me sworn and subscribed, with respect to all the good and wholesome statutes of the said

Sufferings of the Clergy, p. 114, 115.