EXERCISE II.

The soldier (acc.).- O owl!- Papers.-Of-the two robbers. O sophists! The two-trumpeters.-To Pluto.Hearers. Of the spectators.-To-the two-lawgivers.-Fromthe master. -To-the disciples. The purchasers. -To-a sailor. Two-rowers.- An-areher. The two-jesters.-O [ye] two-prophets of-the Scythians.-To-a-young-man.— The hearersare Scythians. The owl is a-robber. The robber is an-owl.

SECOND DECLENSION.

RULE 3.-When two substantives signifying two different things come together, the latter is placed in the genitive case; as,

ἡ φιλία τῶν ἀνθρώπων

or,

the friendship of men. ἡ τῶν ἀνθρώπων φιλία

RULE 4.-When two substantives referring to the same thing come together, the latter is put in the same case as the former; as,

Κῦρος, ὁ τῶν Περσῶν βασιλεὺς, | Cyrus, the king of the Perοὐκ ἦν αὑτὸς ὃς ἐστράτευσεν ἐπ' ̓Αρταξέρξην, τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ.

sians, was not the same (Cyrus) who marched-anarmy against Artaxerxes, his brother.

EXERCISE III.

(1.) Like μοῦσα,

μεριμνῶν θαλάσσῃ. — παῦλαν τῆς χαλάζης.— ἡ ῥίζα τῆς γλώσσης.— ἡ δίψα τῆς θεραπαίνης. — μέριμναι, αἱ ἄκανθαι τῆς παύλης.

EXERCISE IV.

O contests of-the tongue !—The thirstiness of-the bees.O care [thou] thorn!-The stings of-care, the viper.-In the pauses of-the tempest a-hailstorm.— Rest (acc.) from

storms.

EXERCISE V.

(2.) Like φιλία.

η άγνοια τῶν ἀγυιῶν.— τὴν φρουρὰν τῆς γεφύρας. ἐν δου λείᾳ, τῇ τῆς ἀθυμίας αἰτίᾳ.— θαυμάζω τὴν ἀνδρείαν τῆς στρατιᾶς.— τὴν τῆς στοᾶς σκιάν.— ἡ σοφία τῆς ἐκκλησίας, ἡμέρας σοφία ἐστί.

EXERCISE VI.

-

For-the two-bridges of-the street. O ignorance and folly of-the generations of-the earth! In the slavery oftwo (δυοῖν) generations. On (ἐν) the bravery (dat.) ofthose (τῶν *) in the garrison depends (ἐστὶν) the happiness of-those without. The training of-the sword is an-assistance to-those (τοῖς) in poverty.

EXERCISE VII.

(3.) Like τιμή,

ἐν τῇ εἰρήνῃ τῆς γῆς.—τὴν τῆς τύχης ὀργήν.—αἱ τῆς πλάνης νέφελαι. — τὰς τῆς ἀκοῆς ἡδονάς. — ὦ ἡδονὴ νίκης. ταῖς τῆς

ψύχης λύπαις. — ταῖν τῆς νύμφης ὠλέναιν.— τὴν ἑορτὴν τῆς σελήνης.— ἡ τῆς ἀρετῆς πύλη.

EXERCISE VIII.

By-the pleasures of-peace.-O bride of-Fortune!-Where is the virtue and justice of-the earth?-The passions (acc.) of-the soul.-Of-the pleasures of-the feast.-[There] is pain in the head, and in the ears.

THIRD DECLENSION.

RULE 5.-A personal verb agrees with its nominative case in number and person; as,

ὁ παῖς καθεύδει, the child sleeps.

Exception. But if the nominative case be a neuter plural (of things inanimate) the verb will be singular; as,

* The article in conjunction with an adverb or a participle is often equivalent to the demonstrative pronoun (p. 24.) in English.

δῶρα κακοῦ ἀνδρὸς οὐκ ἔχει | The gifts of a bad man bring ὄνησιν. not advantage.

RULE 6.—A transitive verb governs (generally) an accu

sative case; as,

κακαὶ ὁμιλίαι (nom.) φθείρου- | Evil communications (nom.) σιν (verb trans.) ἤθη χρη- corrupt (verb trans.) good manners (acc.).

στά (acc.).

EXERCISE IX.

(1.) Like λόγος, and νόος νους.

κατὰ ταῖν ὁδοῖν ῥεῖ ὁ ὄμβρος, καὶ ἀεὶ διὰ τῆς νήσου πνεῖ ὁ Εὖρος.— ἰδοῦ ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ τὰ ἀδελφὼ, τὰ πλατάνω. φεῦ, τοῦ Εὔρου· * θάνατον γὰρ καὶ νόσους ἀνθρώποις φέρει.— ἐκ τῶν πύργων θαυμάζω τὸν οὐρανόν.— ἐν φόνῳ κεῖνται τὼ ἀδελφώ. ἔπνει ὁ Εὖρος, παρὰ τὸν ὅλον πλοῦν.— πολλάκις ἐν ὀνείροις ἔρχονται πρὸς ἀνθρώπους οἱ τῶν θεῶν ἄγγελοι.— ἀσπάζεται τὴν ἄμπελον ὁ Ζέφυρος.— ἆρα καὶ οἱ θεοὶ καὶ αἱ θεαὶ δόλους ἀσκοῦσι ;

EXERCISE X.

The road leads to-the river.. The breath of-the Zephyr will-give life to-the vine.-The book of-God is a-physician to-man.-O, East-winds, ye-bring diseases and death. —The river, life, flows into the ocean, heaven.-O [ye] winds, and rains of heaven, we welcome ye (ὑμᾶς), for ye-are from God.-Dreams, the messengers of heaven (art.), come to men in sleep. He welcomes death [as] the brother of sleep.

EXERCISE XI.

(2.) Like ξύλον, and ὀστέον -οῦν.

ἰδοὺ, δύο μήλω τοῖν παιδίοιν.— φορτίον ζώοις ἐστὶ τὸ ζυγόν. —οὐκ ἔλαβε τὸ δεῖπνον ἐν τῷ δεσμωτηρίῳ· φάρμακον γὰρ ἦν.— θαυμάζω τὰ σύκων φύλλα.—δύο πτίλω ἐκ τοῦ πτεροῦ πίπτουσιν, —ὑπὸ τῷ δένδρῳ δίκτυα ἦν καὶ ἐν τοῖς δικτύοις ὀρνιθίων πτίλα. τὸ ἀργύριον πολλάκις ὡς κέντρον ἐστὶ τῶν ἔργων.—τὸ ὀστοῦν ἐῤῥάγη. - οὔκουν ῥήξεις τὰ τοῖν παιδίοιν ὀστᾶ ;

* The interjection φεν, alas! is followed by a genitive of the object; as, φεῦ τῆς Ἑλλάδος, alas! for Hellas!

EXERCISE XII.

I-will-give two figs to-the little-boy.-The feathers of-the little-birds were in the net.-Is not then (ovkovv) the plough a-burden to-the animals? - Money has wings like (say, as also) a-little-bird.-Apples fall from the trees.-The bowsand-arrows lay under the tree (dat.).

FOURTH DECLENSION.

RULE 7.-The article is generally placed before -
(1.) Proper names; as, o Zwкpárns, Socrates.
(2.) Classes; as, ò areрwжоs, man.

(3.) Abstract ideas, qualities (as the names of virtues
or vices); as, ǹ åμapría, sin; ǹ díkŋ, justice.

(4.) Material; as, o xpvoós, gold.

EXERCISE XIII.

λαγὼ ἦσαν ἐν τῇ Κῷ.— δύο ταὼ εἶδεν ἅμα τῇ ἕῳ. ἐπὶ τῷ *Αθῳ ἦσαν οὐ δύο νεώ, ἀλλ ̓ εἷς μόνον.— ἡ ἕως ὑπὲρ τῶν τῆς Κέω νεῶν ἐφαίνετο.—ἐν τοῖς ἀνώγεως τῶν νεῶν δύο ταὼ εἶδεν. — ἅμα τῇ ἕῳ ἦλθεν ὁ λεώς.—πρὸς τὸν τοῦ ̓Αμφίαρεω νεὼν ἔδραμον —οὐκ ἐν τῇ γῇ ἀλλὰ μόνον ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ ἐστὶν ἡ δίκη. — τὴν μὲν ἀρετὴν φιλεῖν, τὴν δὲ κακίαν φεύγειν δεῖ.

EXERCISE XIV.

The dawn shone over the people. The rope does-not lie on the threshing-floor.-Where are-ye, O temples ofAmphiaraus? Had-he not-then enough debts (gen.)? — Why is-he, then, at Athos, in the upper-chambers of-the temple? Did-he (apa), then, owe (peλ) debts? -Yes, he-was in debt to- (say, in the debt of-) his (art.) sister-inlaw. Will-he not-then (ovkovv) pay his (art.) debts at once? —No, not before the morning.-Gold often leads to vice (see Rule 7. (3.)). Pythagoras was a philosopher (see Rule 7. (1.)).

FIFTH DECLENSION.

RULE 8.-Substantive verbs (or verbs denoting existence), verbs of being considered, called, and the like, and many neuter verbs, take the same case after them as before them; as,

ὁ Σωκράτης (nom.) ἐδόκει τοῖς ̓Αθηναίοις εἶναι ἀσε βής (nom.):

Socrates (nom.) seemed to-the Athenians to-be guilty-ofimpiety (nom.) : - and,

ἔδοξε τοῖς ̓Αθηναίοις τὸν Σωκράτη (acc.) εἶναι ἀσεβῆ (acc.). It seemed to the Athenians that Socrates (acc.) was guilty

χειμὼν οὖν ἐγένετο· καὶ, τὴν μὲν νύκτα (see acc. 2 (α.) p. 45.) χιὼν ἔπεσε· ἅμα δὲ τῇ ἔῳ τὼ ἀηδόνε ἔκειντο χαμαί· τὴν μὲν οὖν γυψ εἶδε, καὶ ἥρπασε τοῖς (see Rule 14. (26.) p. 40.) ὄνυξι· τὴν δὲ ἔχει ὁ γέρων. — φεῦ, τοῦ γυναικῶν αἰῶνος (see note, p. 29.), οὐ γὰρ ἄτερ ἀλγηδόνων ἐστί· καὶ ταῖς μὲν οὐκ ἔρχεται πάνυ ἡ ἔλπις· ταῖς δὲ ὀψὲ ἔρχεται.— εἶδε μὲν τὰς Σειρῆνας, ἤκουσε δὲ οὔχ· αἱ γὰρ χεῖρες ἦσαν ἀεὶ πρὸ τῶν ὤτων.—ὦ κῆρυξ, οὐκ ἤκουσεν ὁ ἄναξ· κεῖται γὰρ ὑπὸ τοῖς τοῦ Τιτᾶνος ποσίν.— φεῦ, τῶν ἐν λειμῶσι περδίκων (see note, p. 29.) φαίνονται γὰρ διὰ τοῦ ἄερος σπινθῆρες, καὶ χαμαὶ κεῖνται οἱ πέρδικες. ῥῆτορ, μὴ ψεύδου.

EXERCISE XVI.

He-heard the cuckoo, herald of-the spring.-He-saw not (μὲν) but he-heard the nightingales, the Sirens of-the land. One swallow does-not make [the] spring. The kettle boils on (ἐπὶ) the fire (dat.). - Has-not the old-man also