hope?—The life of-the gods is without sorrows.—Are-not the stars like sparks of-fire in the firmament? - O bunchof-grapes, how I wish I could reach you (ὡς ὠφελόν σου ἐφάπτεσθαι)!— He-saw the strife of the gods and the Titans, giants of the earth. What, then, did-he-hear? A-trumpet (acc.) or a-bell? - The-two combs ran-through the hair of the king. — We-welcome thee (σε), Ο nightingale, herald of-the night. - Keep-your-distance, for the woman has talons like (ὥσπερ) a-vulture, and often uses them (αὐτοῖς).

EXERCISE XVII.

(2.) Like σῶμα.

πῦρ ἦν τὸ τοῦ στόματος πνεῦμα (see Rule 2. p. 26.). — ἐθεά σαντο ὁμοῦ τὰ τῶν κυμάτων γελάσματα. — ἐκ τοῦ στόματος ἔρχεται τὸ πνεῦμα. ἐκ τῶν ὀμμάτων πίπτει πολλάκις τὰ δάκρυα. — ὡς μέλι τῷ στόματι ἐστὶ τοῖς φυτεύμασι τὸ ἦρι οὔκουν θαῦμα ἦν ἰδεῖν; θαῦμά γε, ἔφη. — αἷμα δ' ὡς ὕδωρ ῥεῖ.

EXERCISE XVIII.

Trust not the rippling-smiles (dat.) of-the billows, for smiles often turn-to (say, become) tears. A-jest often brings tears into the eyes (du.).— The spear shone like fire. - The words flashed from his (art.) mouth like flame. The waters were-turned-into (say, became) blood.

CONTRACTED SUBSTANTIVES.

FIRST DECLENSION.

RULE 9.- The article may often be translated by one of the possessive pronouns, my, your, his, her, its, their, our, your; as,

ὁ Δημοσθένης ἔῤῥιψε τὸ σάκος.

Demosthenes threw away his shield.

οἱ ̓Αθηναῖοι κατέβαλον τὰ τείχη

The Athenians threw down their walls.

The Greek takes it for granted that the shield, the walls, are those of the persons last mentioned in the sentence.

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EXERCISE XIX.

σε

τοῦ μὲν δὴ πλήθους ἐκράτει (governs gen.) τὸ δέος· τὸν δὲ Περίκλη (see Rule 7. (1.) p. 30.) κατὰ τὸ ἔθος, οὐκ ἔλειπε τὸ θάρσος· καὶ “ οὔτ',” ἔφη, “ ἐν ὕψει οὔτ ἐν μεγέθει τῶν τειχῶν, ἀλλ ̓ ἐν τῷ ἤθους θάρσει κεῖται τό τε κέρδος καὶ τὸ κράτος.” “ θέρος ἐστὶν ἤδη, ὦ Δημόσθενες,” ἔφη, “ ἰδοὺ γὰρ ἔν τε τοῖς ἄλσεσι καὶ βάθεσι τῶν ὑλῶν ὡς φαίνεται πανταχοῦ τὰ ἄνθη.”

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· οἱ μὲν οὖν ἄνευ σακῶν φεύγουσιν· οἱ δὲ ἐν τοῖς ξίφεσι πίπτουσιν· οἱ δ ̓ ἔτι ἐκ τῶν τειχῶν μάχονται· ἀνὰ δὲ τὰ ὄρη κεῖται ξίφη τε, καὶ ἔγχη, καὶ δὴ καὶ μελῶν μέρη· πανταχοῦ δ ̓ ἐστὶν ἴχνη τοῦ νείκους.—οὗτος σύ*, τί ἀθυμεῖς οὕτως; ἆρα Ιπποκρατει † μόνον οὐκ ἀρκεῖ ὁ Ἱπποκράτης, καὶ ἄλλους ἰατρεύσας σεαυτὸν οὐ δύνασαι ἰατρεύειν ;

EXERCISE XX.

He-saw the strife of-Eteocles and Polynices; their swords and shields lay upon-the-ground, and with their swords their glory and their strength.-The renown of-Pericles (see Rule 7.(1.) p. 30.) was not in his high-birth.-Strength lies not in size, nor greatness in length of-limb (pl.). Socrates knew not fear; courage was a-part of-his character; both over the mountains, and through the forests, and in the valleys he-despised alike the rigour of-the cold, and the fury of-the summer-heat.

SECOND DECLENSION.

RULE 10.-The latter of two verbs is placed in the infinitive mood; as,

φιλεῖ ἀριστεύειν, he loves to be foremost.

* Literally : “ You, this man !” equivalent to “ Ho you !”
† A celebrated Greek physician.

RULE 11. And this infinitive is often preceded by an

accusative case; as,

θέλει τοὺς παῖδας ἀριστεύειν.

He wishes (that) his sons should-be-foremost.

RULE 12. — After some verbs, a participle agreeing with the accusative takes the place of the infinitive; as,

οἶδα αὐτοὺς θνητοὺς γεγονότας.

I know (that) they were-born subject-to-death.

EXERCISE XXI.

φιλεῖ τίκτειν ὕβρις ὕβριν.—τοὺς μὲν δὴ πρυτάνεις, πρὸς τέρψιν τῆς ἐν τῇ πόλει στάσεως, εἰς ἀνάκρισιν ἦγον· τοὺς δὲ, τοὺς μάν τεις, πρῶτον μὲν ἔτυπον τοῖς πελέκεσιν, ἔπειτα δὲ ἐκ τῆς ἀκροπόλεως κατέβαλον.— τέρψις ἦν τῇ ὄψει ὁ πόσις.—ὦ πρέσβυ, ἄγαν φιλεῖς τὴν πόσιν. — θαυμάζω σε τὰ ὄφεε τῷ πελέκει μὴ τύπτειν. · ἡ στάσις δοκεῖ πολλάκις βλάπτειν τὰς πόλεις. χαῖρειν λέγω σε, ὦ πόσι, εἰ μὴ χαίρειν λέγεις τὴν πόσιν.

EXERCISE XXII.

From the examination it-appeared [that] her husband loved (acc. with infin., Rule 11.) drinking (Rule 7. (3.) p. 30.) too much. Ο [the] delight of-learning! (Rule 7. (3.) p. 30.) -I wonder [that] you bear the insolence of-your husband. -He says [that] the fortifying of-the city brings (inf.) no(t) advantage to-the two-factions of-the city.

EXERCISE XXIII.

ἐκεῖ μὲν οὖν τὸ βέρβερι* οὐκ εὗρον· οἱ δ' ἐκ τοῦ ἄστεως γλάφη τινὰ ἔξω τοῦ ἄστεως εἶναι ἔφασαν, οὗ κρύπτειν εἰωθέναι τοὺς ἐν τῷ ἄστει τὸ βέρβερι· οἱ δ ̓ οὖν ἐλθόντες εὗρον ἐν τοῖς γλάφεσι τὸ βέρβερι, καὶ οἴκαδε εὐθὺς ἔπλευσαν. τί δ ̓ οὖν νᾶπυ βλέπεις ;+ οὐ γὰρ, εἰ καὶ ἠδίκηκα ἐγώ σε, ἑκών γε εἶναι, ἠδίκηκα.

* A word not of Greek origin, but declined like σίναπι.

† βλέπειν νάπυ, to look mustard ; i. e. to look very sour, or sharp ; as we say, a man of vinegar aspect."

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—δός μοι τὸ σίναπι, μηδὲ ἐπιλάθῃ τοῦ πεπέρεως.—ἐν ἀκαρεῖ τοῦ χρόνου τὴν εὐδαιμονίαν ἀπώλεσαν.

THIRD DECLENSION.

RULE 13.-The Genitive has various uses. It denotes(1.) The property (or possession) of the agent (or person acting), generally called the Genitive of the subject;

as,

τὰ τοῦ ̔Ομήρου ποιήματα, the poems of Homer, i. e. the poems which Homer composed.

στρατηγοῦ χρηστοῦ ἐστὶ, σώζειν ὡς μάλιστα τους στρατιώτας. It-is [the business] of-a-good general to-save his soldiers as-much-as-possible.

Obs. l. Hence verbs signifying origin; as, γίγνεσθαι, το (become), φῦναι (to be born), εἶναι (to be), are followed by a genitive of the author or originator; as,

πατρὸς λέγεται ὁ Κῦρος γενέσθαι Καμβύσου.

Cyrus is-said to-have-sprung-from a-father Cambyses.

Obs. 2.-Hence, in the same sense, it often follows the article; as,

Κῦρος ὁ Καμβύσου, the (son) of Cambyses.

τὰ τῶν θεῶν, the possessions) of the gods.

τὰ τῆς τύχης, the things) of fortune, what-comes-from fortune.

EXERCISE XXIV.

οὐκ ἔστι παισὶ τοῦδε κάλλιον * γέρας, ἢ πατρὸς ἐσθλοῦ κἀγαθοῦ † πεφυκέναι. —Ὅμηρος ὁ ποιητής φησι τοὺς Αλωέως υἱεῖς, ἔτι παῖδας ὄντας, ἐθελῆσαί ποτε τὴν Οσσαν ἐκ βάθρων ἀνασπάσαντας ἐπιθεῖναι τῷ Ὀλύμπῳ, εἶτα τὸ Πήλιον ἐπ' αὐτῇ.

* More noble than this.”

† καὶ ἀγαθοῦ.

Α. τί ἔστιν ; ἤδη ὁρᾷς; Β. ὑπερφυῶς γε· τυφλὸς ὁ Λυγκεὺς ἐκεῖνος, ὡς πρὸς ἐμέ.—ἠρίστευσαν οἱ Πειραιῆς πρὸς τοὺς ̓Αχαρνεῖς πέρυσι.—εὔθυνε, ὦ πορθμεῦ, τὸ πηδάλιον.— οἱ πάλαι πολλάκις ἐκ νομέων βασιλῆς καὶ ἱερῆς ἐγένοντο. οἱ δὴ ἔνθαδε οὔ φασι διὰ τό λύγκα εἶναι ὠνομάσθαι τὸν ̓Αφαρέως, ἐκ δὲ τοῦ Λυγκέως τοὺς λύγκας.—οΐμοι· πατροφονεὺς γάρ εἰμι.—ἡ Νῖνος μὲν, ὦ πορθμεῦ, ἀπόλωλεν ἤδη, καὶ οὐδὲν ἔχνος ἔτι λοιπὸν αὐτῆς· ἀποθνήσκουσι γὰρ καὶ αἱ πόλεις, ὥσπερ ἄνθρωποι.

EXERCISE XXV.

Theseus (μεν) is-said to-have-sprung-from a-father Ageus. — It is [the business] of-a-good king to-take-care lest those under the king become (γένωνται) king-haters. It-belonged-to- (say, it-was of-) the kings of-old to-be atthe-same-time both parents and kings. — He said [that] lynxes (see Rule 7. (2.) p. 30.) are-named after (ék) Lynceus, [son] of Aphareus. — I have not leisure (leisure [is] not to-me), Ο ferryman!

FOURTH DECLENSION.

The Genitive denotes also

(2.) The property of the patient, sufferer, or recipient, generally called the Genitive of the object; as,

νερτέρων δωρήματα, gifts offered-to the gods-below.
ἡ τῶν Πλαταιέων ἐπιστρατεία, the expedition against the
Platæans.

EXERCISE XXVI.

πάλαι μὲν οἱ δελφῖνες ἐκόμισαν τὸ τῆς Ἰνοῦς παιδίον ἐπὶ τὸν Ισθμόν. — εὖγε, ὦ Κλωθοῖ, ἀπότεμνε συνεχῶς, κατὰ τὸ ἔθος, τὰς κεφαλάς. — οὐ δεῖ φειδοῖ (see Dat. (26.) p. 40.) τὴν εὐεστῶ ζητεῖν. — ἔφη τοὺς οἴκοι ἐπὶ τῇ εὐεστοῖ τῶν ἐν τῇ ̓Αργοῖ μεγάλως ἤδεσθαι. — “ μορμώ,” φησι, τῆς θηλοῦς· “ ἀεὶ γὰρ ἀλφιτοῖ τινὶ, ἢ ἀκκοῖ τοὺς παῖδας φοβεῖ.”— αἰδῶ τῶν τοκέων τοὺς

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