women also assisted, fighting, as was likely, with-their (see Rule 9. p. 32.) nails (see Dat. (26.) p. 40.), and encouraging one-another. Accordingly, the sirens sang most-sweetly (adj. n. pl. acc.) in-unison-with (say, harmonising-with) oneanother (see Dat. (5.) p. 41.).

1. ὃς, 11. .

2. ὅστις, ἥτις, ὅτι.

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RULE 16.

V. RE-LATIVE.

(he) who, (she) who, (that) which.

-soever,

-soever,

-soever.

The relative agrees with its antecedent (or, fore-going") substantive, in gender, number, and person (but not in case); as,

τὸν Θεὸν φιλεῖν δεῖ, ὃς πάντα πεποίηκε.

We-ought to-love God, who has-made all-things.
τὴν μητέρα φιλεῖν δεῖ, ἥ σε ἐγείνατο.

You-ought to-love your mother, who bore you.

RULE 17.-To find the case of the relative (in translating from English into Greek), see whether, in the English sentence, there is any nominative between the relative and the next verb, and

(1.) If there is, put the relative in the case the Greek verb governs; as,

The boy whom I love.

ὁ παῖς ὃν ἐγὼ φιλῶ.
The girl whom I envy.

ἡ παῖς ἧς ἐγὼ φθονῶ.

(2.) If there is not, the relative will be the nominative to the verb; as,

The boy who comes.

ὁ παῖς ὃς ἔρχεται.

EXERCISE LIX.

ὁ Ἡρακλῆς ἐτέλεσε δώδεκα ἄθλους, οὓς ὁ Εὐρυσθεὺς προσέταξε. – εἰ φιλεῖς ἃ μὴ δεῖ, οὐ φιλήσεις ἃ δεῖ. — οὐκ ἔστιν οὐδεὶς, ὅστις

·

οὐχ αὑτὸν φιλεῖ. — αἰτεῖσθε ὅ,τι βούλεσθε, καὶ δοθήσεται. — ἐξ οὗ γὰρ (χρόνου) ἦλθον οἱ Πέρσαι εἰς τὴν Ἑλλάδα, συνεχῶς πολεμοῦσιν οἱ Ελληνες. — ἔστιν οὗ * λιμοὶ καὶ λοιμοὶ ἔσονται.— μεμνῆσθαι δὲ χρὴ ἐξ ὧν προγόνων πεφύκατε. — ἀπόλλυμαι ὑπὸ τῶν ὠδίνων αἵ μου τὸν ἐγκέφαλον ἀναστρέφουσι.—ἀγανακτήσειν γὰρ τὸν ̓Αχιλλῆ οἴομαι, ὃς πάντων Αργείων κρατεῖ, καὶ ᾧ πείθονται 'Αχαιοί.

EXERCISE LX.

Ye-know not what (pl.) ye-say.—Avoid [-thou] pleasure which (say, whichsoever) brings-forth sorrow. — Thereshall-be also earthquakes in-divers-places.—You (μεν), then, give (imper.) what (pl.) you-please. - He-said [that] itwas impossible in Crete (see Rule 7. (1.) p. 30.) to-find [any-one] in-whom f (see Dat. (7.) p. 43.) you-could-trust. The ships, in which they-sailed hither, were-broken on the rocks. — [There-] is not [amongst] mortal[-men] (see Gen. (7.) p. 37.) [one] who (say, -soever) is free.-There is not amongst mortal men one whom we-consider free.

ἐβύησέ τις, some one cried out.

Hence, often a, an ; as.

ἐχθρῶν τις πεποίηκε τοῦτο.

An enemy hath done this.

(2.) "Some-one" (of consequence) = aliquis; as, ηὔχεις τις εἶναι, you boasted to be somebody. λέγει τι, he says something ; i. e. is right.

(3.) "Some-one" (of no consequence), contemptuously; as, Θερσίτης τις ἦν, there was a fellow Thersites. μαινόμενός τις, α crazy fellow.

* There is where; i. e. in many places.

† Put the Attic form.

2. ὁ, ἡ, τὸ δεῖνα,

Masc. What-d'ye-call-him ?
Fem. What-d'ye-call-her ?

Neut. What-d'ye-call-it ? as,

« A certain person,” “

so and so," "somebody " (whom one cannot or will not name).

τί δὲ ταῦτ' ἔδρασ ̓ ὁ δεῖνα;

But why did what-d'ye-call-him do this?

EXERCISE LXI.

εὗρον γὰρ ἐν τῇ Σικελίᾳ ὁδούς τινας αμηχάνους εἰσελθεῖν. — πάντες ἀπώλοντο, εἴτε ἐν τῇ μάχῃ, εἴτε ὕστερον ἐν τῇ τροπῇ· οὐ γὰρ δοκοῦσιν ἐμοὶ πλείονες ἢ τρεῖς τινες ἐκ τοσούτων ἀποπεφευγέναι. — οὔκουν εἰ ἄρα ὀλίγοι τινες σωθήσονται, τοὺς ἀλη θῶς Χριστοῦ μαθητὰς ἐν τούτοις καταλογίζεσθαι δεῖ; — ταῦτα τὰ ῥήματα περίεστιν ἐκ πάσης τῆς γραφῆς, “ ὁ δεῖνα τοῦ δεῖνος (see Rule 13. Obs. 2.) τὸν δεῖνα εἰσήγγειλε,” κοὐδὲν * ἄλλο. τὸ γὰρ δεῖνα †, ὃς ἐκύκα τὴν Ἑλλάδα, ὁ βυρσοπώλης, απόλωλεν.

EXERCISE LXII.

·

Is-it (apa) necessary [for us] to-consider all the hearers of Socrates [as] scoffers, or [ἢ καὶ] do-we-say [that] some few proved-themselves [in-] earnest? How impossible itevidently-is for-some women to-be-silent (art, with inf.). — For [it is necessary [that] a (use τις) Demosthenes, or Pericles, or Epaminondas, should-arise (inf.) from (prep.) the dead (adj. gen. pl.) before the ancient glory (acc.) of-the Greeks can-live-again (inf.). — Homer in his poems has-introduced a-fellow Thersites, an enemy to-every good man (gen. 2. p. 36.) and counsel. He found a crazy fellow under

his bed.

A. Who [is] your husband?

B. What-d'ye-call-him, the publican from the Piræus.

* καὶ οὐδέν.

† The neuter gender is used here (though speaking of a man), to express contempt or displeasure; as we say, "Naughty little thing!"

A. And your (see Rule 9. p. 32.) sister, who [-is she]? B. What-d'ye-call-her, [daughter] of what-d'ye-call-him. (see Rule 13. Obs. 2.)

A. And your (see Rule 9. p. 32.) brother, who [-is he]? B. What-d'ye-call-him again, the brother of what-d'yecall-her.

A. That-'ll-do: enough of-the what-d'ye-call-'ems; for they puzzle my brains (say, the brain of-me).

Masc.

1. τίς,

VII. INTERROGATIVE.

Fem. Neut.

τίς, τί; (with accent) who, which, or what? -ov; of-what sort ?

2. ποῖος, -α,

3. πόσος, -η, -ov; how-great? how-much? 4. πότερος, ρα, προν; which-of-the-two ?

EXERCISE LXIII.

πόση ἔστιν ἡ ὥρα ; — ὦ ξένοι, τίνες ἔστε;— λέξον μοι πόσα σοι χρήματα ἔστιν ; —τίς φοβεῖ σε φήμη ;-Καῖσαρ, ἐρωτηθεὶς ποῖος ἄριστος θάνατος, “ὁ ἀπροσδόκητος,” εἶπε. — τί οὖν ἐποίησαν οἱ Λυκούργου νόμοι τῇ Σπάρτῃ; — ἆρ ̓ οὐκ οἶσθα ποσας τίκτει μερίμνας ἡ πενία ;— Επαμεινώνδας ἐρωτηθείς πόσοις ἐξίοι ἐπὶ τὴν μάχην ὁπλίταις (see Dat. (26.) p. 40.) . “ ου μοι μέλει,” ἔφη, “ πόσοις, ἀλλὰ ποίοις.” περὶ ποτέρας ταῖν παρθένοιν, τὴν ᾠδὴν ἐποίησεν;—πότερον αἱρετώτερον νομίζεις, θάνατον, ἢ δουλείαν ;

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EXERCISE LXIV.

66

Do (dpa) -you-know who I-am?-King (art.) Agis said, [that] the Lacedæmonians ask not how-many the enemy are, but where they are. Some-one asked Agesilaus what (pl.) it-behoved children (see Rule 7. (2.) p. 30.) to-learn. “Those things (ταῦτα),” said-he, “ which (dat. (6.) p. 42. and Rule 17. p. 52.) they-will-use even when-grown-to-be (γενόμενοι, having become) men.” He-asks the young-man which-of-the-two sisters he-thinks [the] fairest ? - Τοwhich of-the-two goddesses did-he-dedicate the temple ?

VIII. DEMONSTRATIVE.

1. οὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο = “this.

EXERCISE LXV.

διὰ τίνα αἰτίαν ἀπευχόμεθα ἡμεῖς τὸν θάνατον· τῶν γὰρ βίου χειμώνων ἡ παῦλα αὕτη.— Σπάρτην ἔλαχες, ταύτην κόσμει.

Θαλῆς ἔφη, κοινότατον εἶναι ἁπάντων τὴν ἐλπίδα· καὶ γὰρ, οἷς ἄλλο μηδὲν, αὕτη πάρεστι.—πολλὰ μὲν Ομήρου ἐπαινοῦμεν ἄλλα, τοῦτο δὲ οὐκ ἐπαινοῦμεν. — ταύταιν δὴ ταῖν θυγάτεροιν ἡ μὲν, ἔτι νέα οὖσα, ἀπέθανεν, τῆν δὲ ἔγημεν ὁ Αἰγέως.

EXERCISE LXVI.

A-certain Lacedæmonian-woman gave a shield to her son. "This," said she, "thy father always kept; this, then, keep [-thou] also, or live no-longer (ἢ μὴ ἴσθι, or be not). Ho! you there! why are-you-knocking-at the door ?

2. ὅ δε, ήδε, τόδε = “ this" (here).

EXERCISE LXVII.

ὡς ὤφελε θανάτου μέλαν νέφος ἤδη τούσδε ὀφθαλμοὺς και λύψαι, πρὶν εἰς τόδε αἰσχύνης πεσεῖν ;— οὐ δήπου ἐκ τοῦδε (i. e. ἐμοῦ) ἀλλ ̓ ἐκ πέτρας του πέφυκεν, ὅστις τόνδε (i. e. ἐμέ) πάντων ἀθλιώτατον οὐκ ὅπως οὐχ ᾤκτειρεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ λόγοις ωνείδισε.— ἀλλ ̓ ἤδ ̓ ὀπαδῶν ἐκ δόμων τις ἔρχεται. — γαῖα μὲν ἐν κόλποις κρύπτει τοδὲ σῶμα Πλάτωνος, ψυχὴ δ ̓ ἀθανάτων τάξιν ἔχει μακάρων.

EXERCISE LXVIII.

Here (pron.) lies his (Rule 9. p. 32.) spear (μεν) upon the ground, but where [lies] the body of Patroclus ? Thus (say, These-things, οὗτος) spoke Demosthenes (see Rule 7. (1.) p. 30.), but Eschines said as-follows (say, these-thingsfollowing, ὅδε). — Where art thou ? Here I am. . Who is this [that] follows me (dat.) ?