Laboratory Manual of Bituminous Materials for the Use of Students in Highway EngineeringJ. Wiley & Sons, 1916 - 153 Seiten |
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100 cubic centimeters 50 grams amount apparatus asphalt cements asphalt products beaker bitu bitumen insoluble bituminous aggregate bituminous cement bituminous materials bulb Bunsen burner burning point carbon disulphide carbon tetrachloride carpeting medium cent centimeters in diameter chemical thermometer reading coal tars consistency cooled creosoting oils crucible crude cubic centimeters determination ductility dust preventives emulsion Engler Erlenmeyer flask extraction filter tube fixed carbon flash point flask float test flux fraction free carbon funnel Gilsonite glass Gooch crucible harden heated highway engineering hydrometer ignited inch insoluble in carbon melting point method mineral aggregate mineral matter naphtha naphthalene native asphalts needle normal temperature obtained organic matter insoluble oven paraffin scale pavement penetration test percentage of asphaltenes petroleum and asphalt petroleum residuums pitches pycnometer refined tars residue retort rubber tubing sample semisolid shown in Fig sieve solid soluble solvent specific gravity specific viscosity stopper total bitumen volatilization test weight
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Seite 4 - Solid or semi-solid native bitumens, solid or semisolid bitumens obtained by refining petroleum, or solid or semi-solid bitumens which are combinations of the bitumens mentioned with petroleums or derivatives thereof, which melt upon the application of heat and which consist of a mixture of hydrocarbons and their derivatives of complex structure, largely cyclic and bridge compounds.
Seite 5 - Coke-oven Tar. — Coal tar produced in by-product coke ovens in the manufacture of coke from bituminous coal.
Seite 87 - ... to remove all adhering material. The contents of the crucible are washed with carbon disulphide until the washings run colorless. Suction is then applied until there is practically no odor of carbon disulphide in the crucible, after which the outside of the crucible is cleaned with a small amount of the solvent.
Seite 6 - The consistency of a bituminous material expressed as the distance that a standard needle vertically penetrates a sample of the material under known conditions of loading, time and temperature.
Seite 91 - In making the filtration the utmost care should be exercised to avoid stirring up any of the precipitate, in order that the filter may not be clogged and that the first decantation may be as complete as possible. The sides of the flask should then be quickly washed down with naphtha and, when the crucible has drained, the bulk of insoluble matter is brought upon the felt.
Seite 85 - This test consists in dissolving the bitumen in carbon disulphide and recovering any insoluble matter by filtering the solution through an asbestos felt. The form of Gooch crucible best adapted for the determination is 4.4 cm wide at the top, tapering to 3.6 cm at the bottom, and is 2.5 cm deep.
Seite 48 - Meanwhile the other cup is filled about three-fourths full of water and placed on the tripod, and the water is heated to any desired temperature at which the test is to be made. This temperature should be accurately maintained, and should at no time throughout the entire test be allowed to vary more than one-half a degree Centigrade from the temperature selected.
Seite 111 - Fig. 1 , consisting of a large brass cylinder, through the bottom of which projects a 16-candlepower incandescent carbon filament bulb to supply heat to the extraction apparatus proper, which is held in the upper portion of the cylinder. This apparatus is composed of a cylindrical brass vessel for holding the solvent, a cylindrical wire basket made of 80-mesh wire cloth suspended in the cylinder, and an inverted conical condenser which serves as a top.
Seite 87 - ... the crucible. The total weight of insoluble material may include both organic and mineral matter. The former, if present, is burned off by ignition at a red heat until no incandescent particles remain, thus leaving the mineral matter or ash, which can be weighed on cooling. The difference between the total weight of material insoluble in carbon disulphide and the weight of substance taken equals the total bitumen, and the percentage weights are calculated and reported as total bitumen, and organic...
Seite 87 - This method is quite satisfactory for straight oil and tar products, but where certain natural asphalts are present, it will be found practically impossible to retain all of the finely divided mineral matter on an asbestos felt. It is, therefore, generally more accurate to obtain the result for total mineral matter by direct ignition of a 1-gm.