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4to; Historia Lycæi Pisani, 3 vols, 4to; Viaggio d'Anacarsi; Vita Leonis X. 4to; Vita Cosmi Medicei, 4to; Vita F. Petrarchæ, 4to; Vita Pallantis Stroctii, 4to; Elogj d'illustri Italiani, 4to; Elogj di Dante Alighieri, di Angelo Poliziano, di Ludovico Ariosto, e di Torquato Tasso, Parma, 1800. Besides these, he published several orations, translations, and a literary journal, at Pisa, in 102 volumes. He also wrote part of his own life.

FABROT, (Charles Annibal,) one of the most eminent jurists of his time, born in 1580, at Aix in Provence. After making very distinguished progress in Greek and Latin, and jurisprudence, he was admitted doctor of laws in 1606, and then became an advocate in the parliament of Aix. He was next promoted to the law-professorship at Aix, which office he filled until 1617, when he went to Paris, where he printed his notes on the Institutes of Theophilus. This work he dedicated to the chancellor Seguier, who requested him to undertake the translation of the Basilics, or Constitutions of the Eastern emperors, and gave him a pension of 2000 livres. His death is said to have been hastened by the rigour of his application in preparing his new edition of Cujas, which was published in 1658, in 10 vols, fol. He died in 1659. His works are, 1. Antiquités de la Ville de Marseille. 2. Exercitationes duæ de Tempore Humani partus et de Numero Puerperii, 8vo. 3. Exercitationes accedunt Leges xiv. quæ in lib. digestarum deerant, 4to. 4. Basilicorum, Gr. et Lat. 7 vols, fol. Besides editions of various authors, ancient and modern.

FABYAN, or FABIAN, (Robert,) an English historian, and an alderman of London, in the fifteenth century. There is reason to believe that, although he was apprenticed to a trade, his family were people of substance in Essex. Bishop Tanner says he was born in London. At what period he became a member of the Drapers' Company cannot now be ascertained. From records in the city archives, it appears that he was alderman of the ward of Farringdon Without; in 1493 he served the office of sheriff. On the 20th of September, 1496, in the mayoralty of Sir Henry Colet, we find him "assigned and chosen," with Mr. Recorder and certain commoners, to ride to the king "for redress of the new impositions raised and levied upon English cloths in the archduke's land." This probably alludes to the circumstance of Philip, to whom the emperor Maximilian

had resigned the Low Countries the year before, exacting the duty of a florin upon every piece of English cloth imported into his dominions; but which he desisted from in the articles of agreement signed by his ambassadors in London, July 7, 1497. In 1502, on the pretext of poverty, Fabyan resigned the alderman's gown, not willing to take the mayoralty; and probably retired to the mansion in Essex, mentioned in his will, at Theydon Gernon. That he was opulent at this period cannot be doubted; but he seems to have considered that the expenses of the chief magistracy were too great, even at that time, to be sustained by a man who had a family of sixteen children, for such is the number specified in his will, and whose figures in brass he ordered to be placed upon his monument. Stowe, in his Survey of London, gives the English part of the epitaph on Fabyan's tomb, from the church of St. Michael, Cornhill, and says he died in 1511; adding that his monument was gone. Bale, who places Fabyan's death on February 28, 1512, is probably nearer the truth, as his will, though dated July 11, 1511, was not proved till July 12, 1513. His will affords a curious comment on the manners of the time of Henry VIII. and may be seen in Sir H. Ellis's edition of his Chronicle. From several passages in Fabyan's history, it is evident that he was conversant in French, and no layman of the age he lived in is said to have been better skilled in the Latin language. With these accomplishments, with great opportunities, and with a taste for poetry, he endeavoured to reconcile the discordant testimonies of historians, and therefore named his work The Concordance of Histories; adding the fruits of personal observation in the latter and more interesting portion of his Chronicle. divides his Chronicle into seven portions, giving a copy of verses as an epilogue to each, under the title of the Seven Joys of the Blessed Virgin. The first six portions bring his history from the landing of Brute to the Norman conquest. The seventh extends from the conquest to the conclusion. There have been five editions of Fabyan; the first printed by Pynson, in 1516, the great rarity of which is attributed by Bale to cardinal Wolsey, who ordered some copies "exemplaria nonnulla" to be burnt, because the author had made too clear a discovery of the revenues of the clergy. The second edition was printed by Rastell in 1533; the third by John Reynes in

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1512; the fourth by Kingeston in 1559, all in folio.

FACCIO, or FATIO, (Nicolas of Duiller,) a mathematician, born at Basle, in 1664. In 1682 he went to Paris, where Cassini received him very kindly. In the following year he returned to Geneva, where he became particularly acquainted with a count Fenil, who formed the design of seizing, if not assassinating the prince of Orange, afterwards William III. This design Faccio having learned from him, communicated it to bishop Burnet about 1686, who imparted it to the prince. Bishop Burnet, in the first letter of his Travels, dated September 1685, speaks of him as an incomparable mathematician and philosopher. Whilst Calamy studied at the university of Utrecht, Faccio resided in that city as a private tutor, and was generally regarded as a Spinozist. Afterwards he was professor of mathematics at Geneva. In 1687 he came to England, and made the acquaintance of Sir Isaac Newton. About 1704 he taught mathematics in Spitalfields, and obtained about that time a patent for a species of jewel-watches. He next attached himself to the French prophets, became their chief secretary, and committed their warnings to writing. On the 2d of December, 1707, he was put in the pillory at Charing-cross, on account of his connexion with those enthusiasts. Oppressed with the derision and contempt thrown upon himself and his party, he retired at last into the country, and spent the remainder of a long life in silence and obscurity. He died at Worcester in 1753. There are many of his original papers and letters in the British Museum; and among them a Latin poem, entitled N. Facii Duellerii Auriacus Throno-Servatus, in which he claims to himself the merit of having saved king William from the above-mentioned conspiracy.

FACCIOLATI, (Giacomo,) a learned Italian philologist, born of parents in narrow circumstances, at Torreglia, near Padua, in 1682. He was educated, under the patronage of cardinal Barbarigo, at the university of Padua, in which his talents soon procured for him several professorships. His earliest publication was an improved edition of the Dictionary of Calepino, which appeared in 1719, in 2 vols, fol. This led to his undertaking a Dictionary, on an extensive scale, of the Latin language, on the model of the Italian Vocabulary della Crusca. This gigantic work he completed, with the

assistance of his pupil, Egidio Forcellini, after nearly forty years' assiduous application, and it was published under the title of Totius Latinitatis Lexicon, 4 vols, fol., Padua, 1771. In 1722 he was appointed professor of logic in the university of Padua, and delivered a series of introductory Latin discourses to the students of his class, which were received with considerable applause. In 1739 he began to write in Latin the Fasti of the University of Padua, which had been commenced by Papadopoli: the introductory part, in which he describes the origin, the laws and regulations, and the object of that celebrated institution, is very well written; but the Fasti themselves contain little more than dry lists of the successive professors, with few and unimportant remarks. His Latin epistles, as well as his Orations or discourses, have been admired for the purity of their diction. The king of Portugal sent him a flattering invitation to Lisbon, to take the direction of the public studies in his kingdom; but Facciolati declined the offer on account of his advanced age. He however wrote instructions for the re-organization of the scholastic establishments of that country, which had become necessary after the expulsion of the Jesuits. Facciolati died at Padua in 1769, in his eighty-eighth year. He published improved editions of the Lexicon of Schrevelius, and of the Thesaurus Ciceronianus of Nizolius. His other works are, Orationes Latinæ, Padua, 1744, 8vo, reprinted with additions in 1767; Logica Disciplinæ Rudimenta, Venice, 1728, 8vo; Acroases Dialecticæ, first published separately, and afterwards incorporated in a work, entitled J. Facciolati Logica tria complectens, Rudimenta, Institutiones, Acroases undecim, Venice, 1750; De Vita Cardinalis Cornelii Episcopi Patavini; Ortografia moderna Italiana, Padua, 1721; Exercitationes in duas priores Ciceronis Orationes, Padua, 1731; Animadversiones Critica in I. Litteram Latini Lexici cui titulus Magnum Dictionarium Latino Gallicum, Padua, 1731, 8vo; Animadversiones criticæ in X. Literarum ejusdem Lexici; Scholia in libros Ciceronis de Officiis, de Senectute, &c. Venice, 8vo; Monita Isocratea, Gr. et Lat. Padua, 1741, 8vo; Sfera e Geografia per le Scuole dè Fanciulli; Ciceronis Vita Literaria, ibid.; Vita et Acta Jesu Christi secundum utramque Generationem, Divinam ac Humanam, ibid. 1761; Vita et Acta B. Mariæ, ibid. 1764; Viatica Theologica X. quibus adversus Religionis dissidia Catho

licus viator munitur, Padua, 1763; Epistolæ Latinæ CLXXI. Jacobi Facciolati, ibid. 1765, 8vo.

FACHETTI, (Pietro,) an artist, born at Mantua in 1535. He went to Rome to study the works of the great masters, and became eminent as a portrait painter. He died in 1613.

FACINI, (Pietro,) a painter, born at Bologna in 1560. He was instructed by Annibale Caracci, and made such rapid progress in the art as to excite the jealousy of his master. Facini, though feeble in design and incorrect in drawing, frequently imparted a peculiarly graceful air to his heads, which resembled those of Tintoretto. He failed in general effect; but his colouring was so admirable, that his master said, 66 Facini seemed to have mixed his colour with human flesh;" a compliment similar to that which he bestowed on Caravaggio. The best works of Facini are at Bologna. He died in 1602.

FACIO. See FAZIO.

FACUNDUS, bishop of Hermianum, in Asia, strenuously defended, at the council of Constantinople, held by pope Vigilius in 547, the writings called The Three Chapters, which the council of Chalcedon had pronounced orthodox. The works so named were, 1. The Writings of Theodore of Mopsuesta. 2. The Books which Theodoret of Cyrus wrote, against the twelve anathemas published by Cyril against the Nestorians. 3. The Letter which Ibas of Edessa had written to Maris, a Persian, concerning the council of Ephesus, and the condemnation of Nestorius. The emperor Justinian, at the instance of Theodore, bishop of Cæsarea, published an edict against The Three Chapters in 544, and in the council of Constantinople above mentioned, forced pope Vigilius to accede to the same sentence. But Facundus remained firm, and was banished for his perseverance. He wrote twelve books on the subject, addressed to Justinian, which are still extant, and one against Mutianus, or rather against Vigilius, published, with notes, by Father Sirmond, after a copy taken from a MS. in the Vatican Library, in 1629. There is also an Epistola Catholicæ Fidei pro Defensione trium Capitulorum, added to the edition of 1675, by Philip le Prieur. The style of Facundus is animated, but he is frequently deficient in moderation and correct reasoning.

FADLALLAH, (or Chodsa Raschid Addin Fadlallah,) an oriental historian,

the son of a physician of Hamadan, in Persia. He was vizir to the sultan Cazan, a descendant of Genghiz-Khan, or Zingis, who reigned at Taurus, when he was enjoined by his sovereign to draw up a history of the Moguls from the materials collected by an old officer named Poulad. He finished this work A.D. 1294, to which he gave the title of Tarickh Moubarec Cazani, or The August History of Cazam. After the death of this sultan, his successor, Mohammed Khodabendi, ordered Fadlallah to complete the work, and add to it a civil and geographical description of all the territories and people of the Moguls and Tartars. The first volume of this work, containing the history of the Moguls, was in the library of the king of France, and was translated into French by M. Petis de la Croix, jun., for the use of his father's history of Genghiz-Khan.

FAERNO, (Gabriel,) an elegant Latin poet and philologist, born at Cremona, in the early part of the sixteenth century. By his accomplishments in polite literature he gained the esteem and friendship of the cardinal de' Medici, afterwards pope Pius IV., and of his nephew, cardinal Carlo Borromeo. Having acquired a critical knowledge of the Latin language, he was employed in the collation of ancient manuscripts, and had an office in the Vatican Library. That he was an elegant Latin poet, is proved by his Fables, first published at Rome in 1564, under the title of Fabulæ centum ex antiquis Auctoribus delectæ. These have been much admired for their purity and elegance, and are accounted one of the happiest imitations of the classical manner. Faerno died in the prime of life, at Rome, in 1561. He left, 1. Terentii Comœdiæ, Florence, 1565, 2 vols, 8vo. There is no early editor to whom Terence is more indebted than to Faerno, who, by a judicious collation of ancient manuscripts and editions, especially the one belonging to Bembus (examined by Politian, and unknown to all preceding editors), has restored the true reading of his author in many important passages. Faerno's edition became the basis of almost every subsequent one; and Dr. Bentley had so high an opinion of his notes, that he reprinted them entire in his own edition. 2. Ciceronis Orationes Philippicæ, Rome, 1563, 8vo. 3. Centum Fabulæ ex antiquis Auctoribus delectæ, et Carminibus explicatæ, Rome, 1564, 4to, with prints, from which it is said that the subjects for the fountains at

Versailles were taken. 4. Censura emendationum Livianarum Sigonii. Among the collections of Latin poetry written by Italian scholars are some attributed to Faeruo, as In Lutheranos, sectam Germanicam; Ad Homobonum Hoffredum -a physician of Cremona; In Maledicum, &c.

FAGAN, (Christopher Bartholomew,) a French comic writer, born at Paris in 1702, of parents who had fled from Ireland. He, as well as his father, was clerk in a public office at Paris, and devoted his leisure to the cultivation of poetry. Of his works, collected in 4 vols, 12mo, 1760, the most approved are, Le Rendezvous, La Pupille, L'Amitie Rivale, Les Originaux, and Joconde; which are written in a delicate and lively style. Though a man of genius, he was averse to business and society. He died in 1755. FAGE, (Raimond de la,) a self-instructed draughtsman, born in Languedoc in 1618. He executed several admirable drawings with a pen, or Indian ink, some of which he himself engraved, and the splendid plates of Audran have made us acquainted with the others. Fage died in 1690.

FAGEL, (Gaspard,) an eminent Dutch statesman, born in 1629, at Haerlem, of which city he was appointed counsellorpensionary in 1663. In 1670 he was made recorder to the States-general. In 1672, when De Witt was barbarously murdered, Fagel succeeded him as grand pensionary; and in 1678 he cooperated with Sir William Temple in bringing about the treaty of Nimeguen. He nobly withstood the arms and bribes of Louis XIV., and was of signal service to the prince of Orange, afterwards William III. of England, and was mainly instrumental in smoothing his path to the British throne, but died before the official notification of that event had reached Holland, on the 15th of December, 1688. He was a man of singular sagacity, of persuasive eloquence, and of great political influence. He was never married.-FRANCIS FAGEL, his nephew, also held high official functions in Holland. He was born at the Hague in 1659, and died there in 1746. -HENRY FAGEL was born at the Hague in 1706, and was made register to the States-general in 1744. He contributed to the elevation of the stadtholder William IV. in 1748, and conducted himself with singular prudence during the trying times that ensued. He was a zealous patron of learning, and collected a noble library. He is said to have translated

into French the Letters of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, published at Rotterdam, in 1764, in 2 vols, 8vo.-FRANCIS NICHOLAS FAGEL, nephew of Gaspard, one of the most distinguished of the military commanders of Holland, was honoured with the friendship of William III. He displayed the most signal gallantry at the battle of Fleurus in 1690; at the defence of Mons, in 1691; at the siege of Namur, and at the capture of Bonn, in 1703; at the taking of Tournay, at the battles of Ramillies and Malplaquet, and at the siege of Bouchain. He died in February 1718.

FAGES, (Joseph,) an eminent French surgeon, born at Toulouse in 1764. He studied at Montpellier, where, in 1785, he was appointed first surgeon to the Hôtel-Dieu. He afterwards attended the army of the eastern Pyrenees, and in 1814 was appointed professor of operative medicine. He died in 1824.

FAGET DE BAURE, (James Joseph,) at first advocate-general to the parliament of Pau, and afterwards distinguished for his opposition to Napoleon, and for his zeal in the cause of the Bourbons, was born at Orthez, in 1755. He was elected member of the Chamber of Deputies for the Lower Pyrenees. He wrote, Histoire du Canal de Languedoc, Paris, 1805, 8vo; Essais historiques sur le Béarn, published by his brother-in-law, Daru, 8vo, 1818. He died in 1817.

FAGIUOLI, (Giambattista,) an Italian comic and burlesque writer, born at Florence in 1660. After studying under the Jesuits he was admitted into the Academia degli Apatisti, which met at the residence of Agostino Coltellini, and numbered among its members some of the most eminent men at that time in Italy. He became secretary to Santa Croce, archbishop of Seleucia, who, proceeding through Florence, as papal nuncio, to Poland, took Fagiuoli with him to Warsaw. It was his custom to note down the incidents of the day, and his own observations upon them; and from these remarks he drew materials to furnish out his comedies. In 1700, on the death of Innocent XII., he was sent to Rome by the cardinal de' Medici, who afterwards became his patron. The grand dukes Cosmo III. and Gaston bestowed upon him certain offices of state. He lived to see the downfal of the renowned house of the Medici; and in 1737, on the death of Gaston, beheld the sceptre of Tuscany pass to the house of Lorraine. He died in 1742.

FAGIUS, (Paul,) an eminent German Protestant divine, whose family name was Buchlein (a beech tree), Latinized by him into Fagius, from fagus, was born at Rheinzabern, in the Palatinate, in 1504. He received his earlier education under the care of his father, who was a schoolmaster in his native town; whence he was sent to Heidelberg at eleven years of age, and at eighteen to Strasburg, where he studied Hebrew under Wolfgang Capito, and for his support he had recourse to tuition. In 1527 he took upon him the care of a school at Isne, in Suabia, where he married and had a family. Afterwards he returned to Strasburg. About 1537 he returned to Isne, entered the ministry, and became a sedulous preacher; and for five years discharged the duties of the pastoral office with a high reputation for eloquence and fidelity. During that period he was unremitting in his attention to Hebrew literature, availing himself of the ablest assistance, and in particular of that of the celebrated Rabbi Elias Levita, whom he engaged to come from Venice in order to profit by his instructions. With the view also of exciting a more general attention to the study of the Hebrew language in Germany, he set up a Hebrew press at Isne, under the liberal patronage of Peter Buffler, a senator of that town. In 1541 the plague broke out in that place; on which occasion Fagius displayed a truly noble and benevolent spirit. After severely reproving the richer inhabitants, who were led from their apprehensions to desert their poorer brethren, by his influence and eloquence he established funds for the relief of the distressed, and engaged the magistrates to make such wise and humane regulations as greatly contributed to lessen the horrors of that calamity. And what is still more to his honour, he himself never quitted the scene of infection, but devoted his whole time to the service of the afflicted, personally visiting them, and affording them every relief and spiritual consolation in his power. This plague extended to Strasburg, where, among others, Wolfgang Capito fell a sacrifice to its ravages; and about a year after (1542), the senate of Strasburg appointed Fagius his successor. Here he continued in the diligent discharge of the ministerial office, and in publishing books adapted to the promotion of Hebrew learning, until 1546, when Frederic II., elector palatine, sent for him to Heidelberg, to conduct the measures proper to bring

about a reformation of religion in his dominions; but the emperor, Charles V., prevailing against the elector, an obstruction was thrown in the way. During his residence here, however, Fagius published many books for the promotion of Hebrew learning, which were greatly approved by Bucer, Peter Martyr, and others. In 1548, the persecution in Germany rendering that country unsafe to all who did not profess the Romish doctrine, Fagius and Bucer came over to England, in consequence of an invitation from archbishop Cranmer. They were entertained some days in the palace at Lambeth, and appointed to reside at Cambridge, where they were to undertake a new translation and illustration of the Scriptures; Fagius taking the Old Testament, and Bucer the New. A pension of 100%. a year was settled on Fagius, and the same on Bucer, besides the salary they were to receive from the university; but this was all put an end to by the sudden illness and death of both these professors. Fagius fell ill in London of a quartan fever, but would be removed to Cambridge, in hopes of receiving benefit from the change of air. He died there on the 12th of November, 1550, in the forty-fifth year of his age. Bucer died about twelve months after. By an act of disgraceful bigotry, both their bodies were dug up and burnt in the reign of queen Mary. Fagius wrote numerous works, both in German and Latin. Among them we find, Metaphrasis et Enarratio perpetua Epistolæ D. Pauli ad Romanos, Strasburg, 1536, fol. Pirskoavol; seu Sententiæ veterum sapientum Hebræorum, quas Apophthegmata Patrum nominant, Isne, 1541, 4to. Expositio literalis in IV. priora Capita Geneseos, cui accessit Textus Hebraici et Paraphraseos Chaldaicæ collatio, ibid. 4to; reprinted in the Critici Sacri. Precationes Hebraicæ, ex libello Hebraico excerptæ cui Nomen, Liber Fidei, ibid. 1542, 8vo. Tobias Hebraicus in Latinam translatus, ibid. 1542, 4to. Ben Syræ Sententiæ Morales, cum succincto Commentario, ibid. 1542, 4to. Isagoge in Linguam Hebraïcam, Constance, 1543, 4to. Breves Annotationes in Targum, seu Paraphrasis Chaldaïca Onkeli in Pentateucham, Isne, 1546, fol., reprinted in the Critici Sacri. Opusculum Hebraicum Thisbites inscriptum ab Eliâ Levita elaboratum, Latinitate donatum, ibid. 1541, 4to. Translationum præcipuarum Veteris Testamenti inter se variantium collatio, reprinted in the Critici Sacri. Fagius's Commentaries

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