B.C.) he says, "Of those who now inhabit Lycia, calling themselves Xanthians, the whole are foreigners, eighty families excepted." These foreigners I suppose to have been the Greeks, whose works show their occupation of the country for many centuries afterwards.

Amongst the most gratifying results arising from the examination of these inscriptions, is the assistance they give in rendering the poems of Homer more intelligible. In the Iliad we read of Pandarus being a chief coming from Lycia, and of his being "the best bow in Lycia," thus connecting him with that country. In the second book he is named among the allies of Troy, as leading Troes into the field from Zeleia, at the foot of Mount Ida. Hitherto this has appeared inconsistent, and Strabo tells us that before his time a certain Demetrius had written thirty books upon this supposed error in Homer, and Strabo concludes by allotting a part of the Troad near Mount Ida to the kingdom of Pandarus.

How clearly the whole of this is now explained, by continuing to style Pandarus a chief of Lycia, whose country was Troas, while Sarpedon was also chief of Lycia, from Xanthus! Probably the evident difficulty, and consequent confusion, in the geography of Homer, arising from two people of the same name of Trooes, occasioned his calling the river in the plains of Troy the Xanthus, and explaining that the people called it Scamander, but the gods Xanthus. At present but one river flows through each of these districts. In Lycia the colour of the waters alone will testify to the correctness of the name*, but inscriptions found in the city, upon its banks, confirm it. The ancient name of this river was Sirbe, a Persian word meaning "sand-colour," or Xanthust.

* My servant, who had not the most distant idea of the ancient name of the river, in speaking to one of his Greek companions, while crossing the stream, used the word Xanthus. I asked of what he was speaking ; he replied that he was speaking of the colour of the water.

+ Bochart's Geography, vol. i. chap. 6.

I shall conclude this part of my Journal, which I trust may be instrumental in inducing other travellers to pursue the researches into the history of this interesting portion of the world, with mentioning a few objects deserving their attention. I should point out the valley immediately beyond Hoozumlee as likely to contain monuments hitherto unvisited. I saw at a distance an obelisk, which may be inscribed; it probably stood near the frontier of the country.

The cities of Cragus and Corydalla may no doubt be discovered where I suggest them in the map; I have ascertained that they are not to be found in other districts where I sought them. The city supposed to be Trabala should by all means be examined, as it was one built by the earliest people. The north-east end of the valley of Cassabar may probably contain another city. The long inscription upon the obelisk at Xanthus should be recopied, paying particular attention to the portion written in the Greek language, for copying which a scaffold or ladder will be required; and, if power could be obtained, the fragment upon the ground should be turned over, as the commencement of the inscription is to be expected upon the side now facing the earth: this is of particular importance, as, if it should prove to be identical with the decree which follows immediately in Greek, there would be materials for a good understanding of the Lycian language. The inscription in

*

During the winter of 1841-42, whilst at Xanthus, I took advantage of having men and machinery at my disposal, to turn over the fallen portion of the Inscribed Monument, and to examine more closely the characters on the upper part of the stone. The transcript of the inscription I published in the first volume of the Transactions of the Royal Society of Literature. From the marks of mortice-joints which I noticed on the top of the fallen fragment, and from the circumstance of there being some heavy pieces of a cap-stone near, I should judge that this monument has resembled in general form the "Harpy Monument."

the Lycian language, which I partly copied at Antiphellus is well worth recopying, as the subject is not funereal but historical.

COINS

COLLECTED DURING THE JOURNEY.

IN each place where I obtained coins during my travels, I wrapped them in separate packets. The examination of the contents of these may not only afford information as to the names of the ancient sites of cities, but may be of historical use in showing by the coinage the connection of various cities and nations at different ages by commerce or conquest.

IDIN. (TRALLES.)

By far the greatest number are of the Byzantine and Christian ages; many Roman, and Greek coins of the age of Alexander. I obtained one of Alexandria Troas, and a denarius of Julius Cæsar.

NASLEE.

Byzantine, Roman, and a few earlier Greek coins of Pergamus and Aphrodisias.

KARASOO.

FROM THE NEIGHBOURING RUINS OF APHRODISIAS.

The great bulk are of the Byzantine age; I have also the coins of Aphrodisias (Gallienus)-two of Plarasa-Attuda in Phrygia (Commodus)-Laodiceia-Pixodarus, king of Caria-and Syrian coins of Antiochus.

ARAB HISSA. (ALABANDA.)

Byzantine, and the coins of Philadelphia, Alabanda, and of Magnesia-ad-Mæandrum.

DEMMEERGE-DERASY. (ALINDA.)

Amongst many Byzantine coins are those of Maximinus -Tripolis in Caria-Antiocheia in Caria-two of Miletus -Antigonus Gonatas, king of Macedon-Alabanda (Caracalla)—and five of Alinda.

MELLASSA. (MYLASA.)

Many Greek coins of Caria-some of Mylasa, in the time of Severus.

ESKY HISSÁ. (STRATONICEIA.)

Greek coins of Rhodes, and two of Stratoniceia.

MOOLAH.

Many Byzantine-some Roman-Hadrian, of Eumenia in Phrygia. Otacilia Severa, of Perge in Pamphylia-Antiochus, of Syria-Cyzicus-Pergamus in Mysia-Cassander, king of Macedon-Rhodes-Halicarnassus-two of Stratoniceia—and numerous uncertain Lycian coins.

MACRY. (TELMESSUS.)

Many Rhodian coins, found along the south coast of Caria, the ancient Peræa, nine silver and four copper-Side in Pamphylia-several Ptolemies-two of Apamea in Phrygia -three of Massicytus-two of Cragus-Limyra-two uncertain-Coressus in Ceos-and many uncertain Lycian

coins.

HOORAHN. (ARAXA.)

Uncertain Lycian coins.

DOOVERE. (TLOS.)

Tlos and Massicytus.

MINARA. (PINARA.)

Numerous Lycian coins-four of Pinara-Cragus-three of Rhodes-three of Antiochus-and two of Ptolemies.

DELTA OF XANTHUS.

Ancient coins with Lycian characters.

PATARA.

Coins very numerous; many Roman and uncertain Lycian, among them those of Tlos - Myra-Trabala-Antoninus Pius, of Corinth-Augustus (Egypt)-Ptolemies-two of Antiochus (Syria)-and one of Cos.

ALMALEE.

Many coins of the time of the Roman Emperors.

FROM THE HIGH LANDS SOUTH OF DENIZLEE.

Many Byzantine-Aphrodisias - Attuda (Domitia) — Eumenia (Hadrian)—Laodiceia-and some of the age of Alexander.