341 Historical Observations respecting Liverpool. 342 The Church connected with the Asy- | This chapel has galleries on all sides, lum for the Blind, stands in Duncan- and it has lately been lighted with gas. street, and communicates with the Its pulpit is particularly elegant. school by a subterraneous passage. The building was begun in October 1818, and opened on the same day in the following year. It exhibits a beautiful specimen of Grecian architecture. We have given an engraving of the front of this church, accompanied with an architectural description, and a history of the institution with which it is connected, in Vol. I. col. 873, of the Imperial Magazine. | An account of its opening may be found by referring to col. 773 of the same volume. Leeds-street Chapel, is situated in a street of the same name, not far from the northern Docks. This is also in a populous neighbourhood, and it has a burying-ground connected with it. It is a large commodious building, but not decorated with any ornament, excepting a few tablets with inscriptions, commemorating the names of some charitable donors, and distinguished individuals. St.Michael's Church,situated in Kentstreet, is connected with the Steeple, of which we gave an engraving in col. 155. This is an elegant building, of the Corinthian order. The whole front of the portico is 61 feet, the columns of which are decorated with a capital, copied from the remains of the temple of Jupiter Stator at Rome. The internal parts of this edifice are yet in an unfinished state, but the whole will be fitted up in a style of superior elegance. The estimated cost is £35,000, to be raised from the inhabitants of Liverpool, under the authority of an act obtained for this purpose. It will contain 1306 sittings, of which 520 will be free. St. Luke's Church, at the top of Boldstreet, was begun in 1811, but in 1814 the work was totally suspended, from the want of funds. It was intended to expend £25,000 in its completion. Mount Pleasant Chapel, derives its name from the street in which it stands. It is plain and respectable, and has galleries on all sides. Ben's Garden Chapel, is exclusively appropriated to the use of the Welsh Methodists, the worship being conducted in the Welsh language. In addition to the above, a large School has lately been established in Jordan-street, near the Queen's-dock, in which public worship is now regularly performed. Zion Chapel, in Murray-street,belongs to the New Connection of Methodists, who differ from the former only in modes of church government and discipline. They have also a small chapel, lately opened at the southern extremity of the town. The Independents, have three chapels. The largest is in Great George-street, which name it bears. This is a large and commodious building, having a handsome portico at the entrance. It is estimated to seat near two thousand The Wesleyan Methodists, have five individuals. Beneath its floor are respectable places of worship, which two spacious school-rooms, in which on Sundays are regularly filled with nearly a thousand children are taught large and attentive congregations. Of on Sundays. This chapel has gallethese places, the largest and most ele-ries on all sides. It has lately been gantis Brunswick Chapel. It stands near London-road, and its handsome stone portico, in the Ionic style of architecture, faces Finch-street. This building, which is nearly circular, is sufficiently large to seat 1500 persons. The inside is laid out in the form of an amphitheatre, without any gallery, except on the western side, where a small projection is exclusively appropriated to the organ, the singers, and the children of the school attached to the chapel. Another Chapel, of large dimensions and elegant construction, is in Pittstreet. The situation is confined, but the neighbourhood is very populous. lighted with gas. The present minister is the Rev. Dr. Raffles. It was originally designed for the Rev. Thomas Spencer, a young man of promising talents and commanding eloquence. The foundation was laid by him in April 1811; but in the August following, he was unfortunately drowned while bathing in the river. The second Chapel belonging to the Independents, is in Renshaw-street. It is decent and commodious. The third, named Bethesda, is in Duncan-street, London-road. These chapels are respectably attended. The Welsh Calvinists, have one Chapel at the South end of the town, another 343 Ginger Beer.-The Moralizer, No. 7. in Edmund-street, one in Pall-mall, and another in Great Crosshall-street. The Baptists, have five Chapels, situated in Cockspur-street, Byrom-street, Comus-street, Lime-street, and Great Crosshall-street. The chapels in Byrom and Lime streets are large and commodious. Near Cumberland-street is the Glassite or Sandemanian Chapel. A Scotch Church, which is a place of considerable extent, and attended by a large and respectable congregation, stands in Oldham-street, joining Renshaw-street. There is also a Scotch chapel in Gloucester-street. The Scotch Baptists, have likewise a small Meeting House in Bolton-street, near Copperas-hill. The Friends, or Quakers, have a neat and commodious chapel in Hunterstreet, which is worthy of admiration for its plainness and simplicity. To make Ginger Beer. MR. EDITOR, 344 SIR,-When I sent you the observations on Soda Water, (inserted Vol. I. col. 547,) I promised to furnish an article on Ginger Beer. But the only difference is, by adding to the Carbonate of Soda and the Tartaric Acid, Ginger and Sugar. E. WRIGHT. The Recipe is as follows: One dram of Tartaric Acid; two drams of Ginger; and three ounces of the best white Sugar, pounded very fine,-mixed together, and kept in blue paper, ready for use. And one dram of the Carbonate of Soda, in white paper. When wanted, put the blue paper mixture into a glass three parts full of spring water, and the white paper powder into a wine glass full of the same water; then pour the latter solution into the former, and drink the mixture immediately. THE MORALIZER.-NO. 7. Saturday, February 10th, 1821. "Errat longè mea quidem sententiâ, "Vi quod fit, quam illud quod amicitiâ adjun- The Unitarians, have two large chapels; one in Paradise-street, and the other in Renshaw-street. The former of these is fitted up in a style of distinguished elegance. It is an octagonal building. An attic balustrade runs round the whole, ornamented with vases at each angle, and in the centre is a large octagonal lantern. It has a handsome organ, and the front of the gallery is inlaid with beautiful wood. The pulpit has a pleasing appearance, and the seats are lined, and orna- Of all the varied forms of political admented. The chapel in Renshaw-ministration, which have obtained in street is a plain handsome brick build- different ages, there never yet existed ing, with a stone front. It has a well- one, which has preserved liberty withtoned organ, and has lately been light-out encouraging licentiousness; and ed with gas. On particular occasions which has neither submitted to the imit is numerously attended. Connected positions of monarchical despotism, nor with this chapel is a spacious cemetery. suffered from the dilacerations of civil The Roman Catholics, have four cha- commotion. The extremes of rigour pels; one in Lumber-street, one in Seel- and remissness, though perhaps equally street, one in St. Anthony's Place, and fatal in their results, are not equally one in Blake-street, near Copperas- rapid in their operations. A laxity of hill. The three former have nothing manners will speedily degenerate remarkable by which they are distin- anarchy, but oppression may heave guished; but the latter, which is of many a groan without relief, and barmore modern erection, is both large barity exasperate many a wound withand elegant, and decorated with costly out molestation. ornaments. These chapels are numerously attended. The Jews have a synagogue in Seelstreet, which displays the liberality and opulence of the people by whom it was erected. The building is of brick, having a handsome stone front. The pediment is supported by four large columns, of the Ionic order. [To be continued.] into "There is no occa sion," says Bruyere, "for art or science, in the exercise of tyranny. That policy which consists only in the effusion of blood, is very limited and unrefined. It breathes the slaughter of those whose life is an obstacle to our ambition. It is the most horrible and barbarous manner of maintaining authority, or aggrandizing fame." But there is a certain qualification, so essential on the 345 The Moralizer.-No. 7. 346 part of the sovereign, both in order to | plicable to a single criminal propensity. secure the submission of his subjects, Avarice and ambition are, if possible, and to promote his own safety, that yet more fatal in their consequences. neither exalted birth, extensive patri- Need I refer to the circumstances of mony, personal prowess, indisputable Cyrus's final defeat; of Crassus's distitle, nor indeed a combination of all graceful overthrow; and of Cæsar's these advantages, can possibly com- inhuman assassination? And, on the pensate for its absence-I mean, MODE- contrary, the example of the late moRATION. The fundamental principles narch of these realms, is a standing of justice, appear to have been origi- instance of the instinctive respect paid nally so deeply engraven on the human to the virtues of equity and temperance, breast, as to be incapable of total obli- when they dignify a throne. teration. And though there are numbers who scruple not to indulge every irruption of passion, and to satiate every craving of appetite, yet there is not perhaps an individual wholly insensible to the moral turpitude, and the degrading tendency, of vice. The private character of a prince so necessarily influences his political career, in every government where regal authority is not a mere nominal distinction, that it forms a natural introduction to a brief estimate of those benefits, which result from a mild and moderate exercise of supreme power. It is a fact easily accounted for, that civil governments were in their infancy so constituted, as to admit of the most tyrannic sway on the part of the king. Horace tells us, in his third satire, that in the first ages of the world, men were dumb like other animals, and that when they quarrelled for their dens and acorns, their fists and nails determined the contest; but that, when words were invented for the communication of their purposes and ideas, they began to desist from war, to fortify cities, and to institute laws. But in all civilized communities, the leading features of virtue are so clearly defined, and so distinctly discerned, as to render it impossible for an attentive examiner to be materially mistaken, in reference to his character and conduct. I will not say, that the practice of virtue inspires every spectator with that respect which it deserves to receive; but that, the better it is understood, the more it will be admired, is its peculiar characteristic and its most substantial recommendation. And to behold an individual, elevated to the summit of earthly grandeur, surrounded by all that is capable of exciting and of gratifying his wishes;-to behold that individual cautious in action, and temperate in enjoyment,—consulting the happiness of others, by restraining the irregular sallies of desire, punctual in the discharge of his high functions, and anxious for the preservation of public tranquillity,—is a far more effectual restraint on popular dissoluteness and dissension, than an enforcement of the strictest regulations, and an imposition of the severest penalties. Who, that remembers the occasion of the expulsion of the Tarquins from Rome, and the entire new-modelling of That physical strength was originally the only argument of superiority, appears highly probable, and that previous to the evolution of his natural endowments, and the cultivation of his mental faculties, man should have differed but little from the brutes which perish, is by no means surprising: hence, most ancient governments were only imperfectly constituted, but perpetually varying. In proportion, however, as the light of science increased, not discoveries were made, which necessarily tended to regulate the gradations of rank in the scale of human beings, by their several degrees of advance the mode of government which succeed- ment in knowledge. Thus did the edit, undergo a tale of the chaste Virginia, and of the dawned upon the horizon of the moral And who that is familiar with the tragical complete change; humanity and peace facts connected with that occurrence, world, and darted their consolidating but will admit that an undue concession recognized in his neighbour a friend which abolished the decemviral power, beams upon the minds of mortals. Each to the suggestions of appetite, and the and a brother; and harmony succeeded allurements of pleasure, is justly pu- to ferocity and hatred. nished with a forfeiture of fame, of Absolute and arbitrary as have been glory, of fortune, and of life itself? many systems of government, few, No. 26.-VOL. III. 347 Catholic Emancipation. tally to extinguish that spirit of freedom which heaven has kindled in the human mind. The fate of many a despot has deterred his successor from venturing in a track so evidently hazardous; and the degraded condition of those on whom the light of liberty never shines, has acted as a most forcible antidote against the encroachments of tyranny in free states. I know not a more odious and disgraceful feeling, than that which could inspire the language of the emperor Caligula; "Oderint, dum metuant." "Let them hate me, so long as they fear me." And though the hope of obtaining universal approbation, even in a private station, may be abandoned as extravagant, yet to secure the suffrages of those whose esteem is alone valuable, is an object worthy the ambition of the loftiest potentate. Let the man who wishes to decide on the comparative operations of democratic and monarchical administration, peruse the pages of ancient history. Let him survey the contests of Greece and Persia. Can he be furnished with a fairer opportunity of forming a correct judgment? 348 IN Saxony, which prides itself on being the cradle of the Protestant religion, the Catholic clergy, about Court, have obtained for the few inhabitants of that faith, free exercise of religion, and equal rights with Protestants. bition of intermarriages with ProtesThe first-fruits of this, are the prohitants, unless the parties engage to educate their children in the Catholic To what cause shall we attribute the glory and extent of the Roman empire, religion; the priests have even deBut to their early practice of incorpo-clared marriages, celebrated by Prorating their vanquished foes with their citizens, and thus gaining, by their clemency and moderation, the hearts and affections of those whom their arms had subdued. Absolute monarchy is, in fact, democracy of the worst kind. What do the political annals of many countries develop, but a tissue of cruelties, usurpations, factions, depositions, and massacres? I will not now pretend to determine the medium, betwixt culpable negligence and wanton severity "Sit piger ad pænas princeps, ad præmia velox ; "Et doleat quoties cogitur esse ferox." Ben Zaida, a Moorish king, having been suddenly seized with a disorder, which he was persuaded would be fatal, after a fit of profound melancholy, sent for his son, whom he thus addressed : testant clergy, null and void, and the parties guilty of adultery! Such will ever be the anomaly of a Catholic royal family and Protestant subjects. The University of Leipsic has taken the Catholic clergy, and resolved to alarm at the illegal interference of bring the subject under cognizance of the diet. ON THE SALVATION OF THE HEATHEN. Observations on a question inserted col. 484, and on a reply to it which appeared in col. 702, on the Salvation of the Heathen. MR. EDITOR. SIR,-Your admitting of familiar and other queries, into your Magazine, is no small gratification to many of your readers; and is laudable, with this caution accompanying it, "Not to be too inquisitive concerning the mysteries of heaven." A letter has come into my hands, dated London, Aug. 6th, 1779, written by that diligent labourer in the Lord's vineyard, Mr.J. Wesley, in reply to twenty queries once sent to him by a 349 Salvation of the Heathen-Mutual Affection. 66 350 highest, and good will towards men, has placed man in greater jeopardy by its coming. Memorable are the words of Christ: "I am come a light into the world, that whosoever believeth on me should not abide in darkness; and if any man hear my words, and believe not, I judge him not, for I came not to judge the world, but to save the world. He that rejecteth me, and receiveth not my words, hath one that judgeth him : the word that I have spoken, the same shall judge him in the last day." The Lord is not hard, reaping where he has not sown, and gathering where he has not strawed; but hath declared, that "he who knew his Lord's will, and prepared not himself, neither did according to his will, shall be beaten with many stripes; but he that knew not and did commit things worthy of stripes, shall be beaten with few: for unto whomsoever much is given, of him shall much be required.' " young man. The answers are generally short and pertinent. One of them is, “I do not know ;" another, “I cannot tell ;" and, "I do not know; I was not his counsellor." In reply to this question, "What is that ineffable light in which God dwells? and is that light near or afar off, or both?" Mr. W. observes, In that light no man can either see or explain. That light is every where." His answer to the 20th query, is; "In the resurrection, the mortal body shall be clothed upon with our house which is from heaven. Just so much as God has revealed we know; more than this, we cannot know:"-which appears a wise conclusion, and, well considered, would be a guard against fruitless inquiry. Not such is the query adverted to in No. 19, page 702; viz. "Whether it be possible that the Heathens, considered as such, can be eternally saved, or not? Or, in other words, Whether the gospel, read or preached, is, or is not, indispensably necessary to their salvation?" Our fears and our prejudices on this subject may be helped by considering divers passages of revealed truth. When our Lord declared, "It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God;" his disciples, on hearing it, were exceedingly amazed, saying, "Who then can be saved?" But Jesus beheld them, and said unto them, "With men this is impossible, but with God all things are possible." At the pool of mercy, a certain man was there, who had an infirmity thirty and eight years; when Jesus saw him lie, and knew that he had been a long time in that case, he said unto him, Wilt thou be made whole? The impotent man answered him, Sir, I have no man, when the water is troubled, to put me into the pool; but while I am coming, another steppeth down before me. Jesus saith unto him, Rise, take up thy bed, and walk." These are evidences of the sovereign goodness of God, whose eyes run to and fro throughout the whole earth, to shew himself strong in behalf of those whose Answer to a Query on Mutual Affecheart is perfect toward him. 66 But man too often aspires to the seat of judgment, where his Creator never placed him. He has reserved this for himself alone. We cannot suppose that the gospel, which proclaims glory to God in the And let us, who are favoured with the knowledge of the gospel, be awakened to righteousness, for even we may not have the true knowledge of God, but be like the Jews, who boasted of Moses, and the law of God; to whom Christ said, "Ye have neither heard his voice at any time, nor seen his shape." In the reply, col. 702, there is an allusion to what the evangelist John says concerning Christ, the divine Word being "the true light that lighteth every man that cometh into the world." Are we to understand this according to the construction J. Smith has given it? It is said that this "light shineth in darkness, and the darkness comprehended it not;” and that John the Baptist came to bear witness to this Light, that all men through him might believe. So that instrumentality appears to be the appointed means by which this true Light is diffused. This seems to be consonant with universal experience, and the general tenor of divine truth. My only claim is to be considered A LOVER OF TRUTH. tion. MR. EDITOR. SIR,-In the Number of your valuable miscellany for January, col. 100, a correspondent, G. A. inquires, Whether it be probable, that mutual affections, particularly established be |
