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COMMERCIAL REPORT, LIVERPOOL, MAY 21, 1821.

OUR external commerce still languishes; and so many obstacles appear to present themselves, that we fear a complete revival is rather distant. One great measure has, however, been accomplished; we allude to the resumption of Cash Payments by the Bank of England: and in a short time, the quantity and quality of circulating medium, necessary for the country, will be ascertained. It is anticipated by some well-informed men, that a general revival of trade will be consequent upon this measure; for our own parts, we are not quite so sanguine, and we should like to see something like a reciprocity of intercourse established between this and other countries; and we are happy to perceive, that the Committees of Trade are alive to this important subject, and, in bringing forward the equalization of the Timber duties, they have given a kind of pledge that other lines or branches of commerce will receive their investigation.

În recapitulating the transactions of our market, since our last, little variety will be found,the prices of most articles have experienced little fluctuation, though some interest will probably be excited in perusing the details.

The sales of Cotton, during the preceding four weeks, amount to 28,270 packages. On the 18th instant, large Sales by Auction, of this article, took place: the attendance of the trade was not numerous-the Sea Islands went off heavily, at a depression of 1d. per lb.-Brazils declined about 1d.—Orleans maintained their previous currency; the other descriptions experienced no variation. The sales of the last week consisted of 6,970 packages, of which the following were sold by private contract :

2080 Bags, Bowed, 9d. to 10 d. 450 do. Orleans, 10 d. to 13d. Mobile, 9åd.

220 Bags,

Demerara, 12d. to 14d.
Geraes, 10d. to 10 d.
Carthagena, 7 d.

40 do.

150 do.
110 do.

80 do.

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Cuba, 101d.

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Of British Plantation Sugars, the sales of the month amount to 2250 hogsheads; the low qua. lities have sustained a depression of 1s. 6d. to 2s. per cwt. The present rates are certainly reasonable. The following are the quotations for low browns, 54s. to 58s.-middling, 59s. to 65s.-good middling, 66s. to 70s.-good bright, 71s. to 75s.-fine, 76s. to 80s. On the 18th instant, 1000 bags of Bengal Sugars, found purchasers at 74s. for good white; and low whites at 68s.

The demand for Coffee is far from being animated; at the last public sale, the prices ruled for Demerara Coffee, fine middling, 128s. to 129s. 6d.-low middling, 119s. to 121s.—ordinary, 114s. &c. Cocoa is in tolerable request.

Rums go off in small quantities, without any improvement in price. Jamaicas, 16s. O. P. have been sold as low as 1s. 10d. per gallon, in bond. Brandy and Geneva partake in the same

dulness.

Tobacco has undergone little or no variation; the demand for home consumption and export being very limited.

American Rice is more inquired after;-at 30s. to 32s. per cwt. d. p.

Naval Stores.-The late imports of Turpentine have been all disposed of, at 12s. to 138. per cwt. All the late arrivals of American Tar have likewise been sold at 13s. 6d. to 15s. per barrel. There has been no import from Stockholm as yet, the price is nominally 18s. per barrel. Pine Timber is very steady at 201d. per foot, and large quantities are daily taken out of the market. Several cargoes of Timber, from Memel and Dantzig, are on the way.

Dyewoods are rather more inquired after. Campeachy Logwood, fetches £9. to £9. 58. Cuba Fustic, £9. per ton.

Tallow is recovering from its late depression, and Y. C. sells readily at 50s. 6d. Palm Oil has advanced to £35. per tun.

The imports of Hides from Buenos Ayres still continue on a large scale, and very extensive sales have taken place, the prices are 94d. to 98d for good quality, whilst a few prime have obtained 10d. to 10gd per lb. Horse Hides, 6s. to 7s. 6d. each.

The transactions in our Corn Market are very inconsiderable; a great dulness prevails, without producing much declension of price. English Oats, and Barley, are rather lower. Sour Flour, in bond, has attracted the notice of speculators.-500 barrels of New Orleans, have been sold at 13s. 3d. per barrel, in bond.

There have been some arrivals of New Irish Butter, and Cork new-3ds. sells at 88s. per ewt. Several vessels which went out from hence to the Seal Fishery, on the new-discovered group of Islands, situated to the south of Cape Horn, have returned to London with full cargoes.

PRINTED BY H. FISHER, LIVERPOOL, PRINTER IN ORDINARY TO HIS MAJESTY."

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Adam Sireh

-goona Munhi Rathanal. (Formerly a High Priest of Boodhur /

Educated in England by the Rev. Adam Clarke, L.LD.

Published by Henry Fisher, Caxton, Liverpool.1821.

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MONTHLY OBSERVATIONS.

With a Catalogue of all really British Plants, as they come into Flower.

JULY.

As January is the coldest, so this is the hottest month in all the countries of the northern hemisphere; and frequently in England the direct beams of the sun are as warm as under the Line; in consequence of this, rural labour ceases in the middle of the day; and both men and cattle recruit their vigour by a mid-day nap. The tillage of turnips is just ended, and some showers are much wanted to cause the seed to vegetate; when this is long delayed, a good crop is not expected. This is the time also, when the hay harvest is finishing in the north. The singing of birds is not so lively as it has been; they are preparing to change their feathers, a process which they undergo annually, but | which is peculiarly destructive to those which are kept prisoners in a cage. The Redbreast is usually the first of British birds that moults, and consequently the first that resumes its song, which it does in the following month. About this time, the Cuckoo migrates, being the first of our birds of passage that leaves us; it is supposed to go to the interior of

Africa.

Trout are observed sporting in the sun, in the deepest parts of the rivers, but they will not then take a bait; they may be taken in the evening, but especially early in the morning. Fishes of the Whale tribe (Balana, Physetu & Delphinus) are now active in the pursuit of small fish; and often, in the ardour of pursuit, get themselves into situations of real danger. Sharks also abound, and prey on every thing they can swallow, alive or dead. Fourteen or fifteen species are found on the British coasts at this time, of which the most formidable are, the Blue Shark, (Squalus Glaucus,) and

No. 29.-VOL. III.

[1821.

White Shark, (Sq. Carcharias). The following fact will shew how retentive these creatures are of life: in 1820, when some fishermen were employed at a distance from land, in fishing for pilchards, a blue shark, about five or six feet long, came about the boat, and soon took a bait. After beating it about the snout with a club until it appeared to be helpless, it was taken into the boat, and the head divided from the body, between the spiracles and pectoral fins. It was then thrown overboard, and it immediately sunk. Some time elapsed, when it was seen to rise again, and it continued moving about with its accustomed activity, in different directions, for an hour and half; and when the boat left the place, it appeared to have suffered no diminution of its vigour. Sunfishes (Diodon Astringa) appear on the coast, and lie (sometimes appearing to be asleep) on the surface of the water, with a third part of their body above. The Launce (Ammodytes) comes into shallow water, and is followed by the smaller order of rapacious fishes; to escape from which it hides itself in the sand.

Some ac

In this month, the different species of solitary Bees abound; but in some years they are much more abundant than in others, and it would appear that the egg or larva must lie torpid for many years, until a favourable season calls it into life. count of one species, (Apis Centuncularis) I have given in the second volume of this work, col. 653. They are seen searching every cranny for a hole in which to deposit an egg, and for this purpose they quarter out the space as regularly as a setting dog; but they will not use a hole that is charged with filth. Caterpillars abound, and are found devouring the different species of Cabbage; but it is said that beating the leaves with elder, or sprinkling them with water in which potatoes have been boiled, will protect them from their depredations. Numerous spots of froth are often seen 2 P

587

Monthly Observations.

588

in gardens or hedges, on furze, or in- | Least Gentianella, Exacum filiforme; deed any low shrub; and they form a curious contrast with the excessive dryness of every thing around. They proceed from the larvae of the Cicada Spumaria, and form the protection which Nature has provided for that delicate frame.

Another, and still more extraordinary insect that appears this month, is the Glow-worm, which lights up its little lamp when the evening closes, for purposes concerning which there has been much controversy among naturalists. This light proceeds from the under side of the three last rings of the body, and is entirely voluntary. The little creature always keeps on the ground; and the luminous part is most usually bent forward, and sometimes twisted towards one side, in the direction of the eyes, which are under the thorax. When it moves, it is by a little start, the light is again bent forward, and sometimes extraordinary pains are taken to direct it towards the head. Hence it would seem as if designed to assist the little creature in its search after its food.

Alpine Ladies' Mantle, Alchemilla alpina; Broad-leaved Pondweed, Potamogeton natans, and eight other species; Allseed, Radiola millegrana; Sea Lungwort, Pulmonaria maritima; Tuberous-rooted Comfrey, Symphytum tuberosum; Yellow Loosestrife, Lysimachia vulgaris; Tufted Loosestrife, L. thyrsiflora; Bog Pimpernel, Anagallis tenella; Trailing Azalea, A. procumbens; Great Bindweed, Convolvulus sepium; Sea Bindweed, C. soldanella; Spreading Bell-flower, Campanula patula; Rampion Bellflower, C. rapunculus; Nettle-leaved Bell-flower, C. trachelium; Clusterd Bell-flower, C. glomerata; Water Lobelia, L. dortmanna; Great, white, yellow, black, and Moth Mullein, Verbascum thapsus, lychnitis, pulverulentum, nigrum, & blattaria; Thorn Apple, Datura Stramonium; Henbane, Hyoscyamus niger; Common Centaury, Chironia centaureum; Water Pimpernel, Samolus valerandi; Upright Honeysuckle, Lonicera xylostrum; Whorled Knotgrass, Illecebrum verticillatum; Bastard Toadflax, TheCome into flower in July:-Common sium linophyllum; Smooth RuptureChara, Chara vulgaris; Prickly Chara, wort, Herniaria glabra; Hairy RupC. hispida; Smooth Chara, C. flexilis; turewort, H. hirsuta; White GooseMountain Circæa, C. alpina; Spiked foot, Chenopodium album; Allseed Speedwell, Veronica spicata; Welsh Goosefoot, C. polyspermum; Sea Speedwell, V. hybrida; Blue Rock Goosefoot, C. maritimum; Prickly Speedwell, V. sexatilis; Flesh-co- Saltwort, Salsola kali; Shrubby Saltloured Shrubby Speedwell, V. fruti- wort, S. fruticosa; Sea Eryngo, Erynculosa; Alpine Speedwell, V. alpina; gium maritimum; Field Eryngo, E. Brooklime, V. becabunga; Long-leav- campestre; Thoroughwax, Bupleued Brooklime, V. anagallis; Narrow- rum rotundifolium; Hare's-Ear, B. leaved Marsh Brooklime, V. scutel- tenuissimum ; Prickly Samphire, Echilata; Hooded and lesser hooded Mil- nophora spinosa; Great Bur Parsley, foil, Utricularia vulgaris & minor; Caucalis latifolia; Upright Hedge Gipsywort, Lycopus europæus; Mea- Parsley, C. anthriscus; Spreading dow Clary, Salvia pratensis; Yellow Hedge Parsley, C. infesta; Marsh Iris, I. pseudacorus; Eleven species of Milky Parsley, Selinum palustre; Rush, Schoenus, Cyperus, & Scirpus Common Cow Parsnep, Heracleum genera; Fifty-four species of Grass, sphondylium; Scottish and Cornish Nardus, Phalaris, Sanicum, Phleum, Lovage, Ligusticum Scoticum & CorAlopecurus, Aira, Holcus, Poa, Briza, nubiense; Wild Angelica, A. sylvesCynosurus, Festuca, Bromus, Stipa, tris; Broad and narrow-leaved Water Avena, Lolium, Elymus, & Triticum; Parsnep, Sium latifolium & angustiWild Teasel, Dipsacus Sylvestris; folium; Procumbent and Whorled Field Scabious, Scabiosa arvensis; Water Parsnep, S. nodiflorum & verWhite Water Bedstraw, Galium pa- ticillatum; Common Water Dropwort, lustre: Rough Heath Bedstraw, G. Enanthe fistulosa; Parsley Water Witheringii; Smooth Heath Bedstraw, Dropwort, E. pimpinelloides; HemG. sexatile; Corn Bedstraw, G. tri-lock Water Dropwort, E. crocata; corne; Least Mountain Bedstraw, G. tricorne; Yellow Bedstraw, G. verum; Great Hedge Bedstraw, G. mollugo; Cross-leaved Bedstraw, G. boreale;

Lesser Hemlock, Ethusa cynapium;
Wild Parsnep, Pastinaea sativa; Com-
mon Fennel, Anethum foeniculum;
Common and Great Burnet Saxifrage,

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