forms may be used in any class. For instance: A philosophic discourse may be expositive, descriptive, narrative, and argumentative; and yet, if too much description and narration is employed, it will be apt to turn the philosophic address into a demonstrative one. In like manner, in demonstrative oratory it is sometimes necessary to explain, argue, describe and narrate, as well as to arouse, but care should be exercised not to employ the milder forms of construction to such an extent as to weaken the demonstrative nature of the address.

Finally, after you have mastered the art of composition, and learned the technique of speech construction, dispense with the writing out of your speeches and depend on a framework alone, not clothing the thoughts with words until you face your audience. With practice, one may become so expert as to compress an hour's speech into an outline that can be placed on a card two by four inches, and with still further practice that outline can be retained in the mind until it is desired to expand it into an address. In this manner, one becomes an extemporaneous speaker.

CHAPTER III

THE VITALIZING FORCE OF BREATH

Its Power Over Body, Voice and Mind

RULY, breath is life. Not only does it keep

TR

alive animal nature, but it vitalizes the whole of man's being and makes him an engine of almost limitless power. While a human being can live only four minutes if wholly deprived of air, yet men and women may drag out an existence of three score years and ten while starving themselves for want of an ample supply of one of the few elements that nature gives freely to all who wish to partake of it. This half-starved creature is incapable of performing its mission in the world, and goes through life in an aimless, spiritless and purposeless manner that benefits neither itself nor others. On the other hand, he who draws into his lungs the life-giving ingredients of the air as though he hungered for them, and who delights to feel the electric current flowing through his veins, propelled by the force that he gathers from the atmosphere, will take hold of the problems of life manfully and perform great labors with comparative ease.

Would you be a success in your particular line

of work? If you would, then learn how to breathe properly and thus draw to yourself the great powers of Nature that are contained in her elements. A certain amount of driving force is necessary to all individuals, if for no further purpose than to keep them alive, and the greater the quantity of such force that one possesses the greater will be his capacity for effective work. The oxygen that is in the air is essential to life—not only to the physical life, but to the mental and the spiritual life as well —and only by effective breathing can oxygen be taken into the lungs and carried by the blood through the entire system. Adequate breathing puts iron in the blood, brightens the eye, clarifies the brain, and adds tremendous electric power to the entire being. It is for these reasons that you should study the art of breathing if you would make a success of life.

All Should Learn How Properly to Use the

Breathing Mechanism

It is a mistaken idea to suppose that those only who desire to use the voice for singing or speaking in public should study how best to control the breathing mechanism, because one cannot even retain health, let alone have the mastery over one's mental being, unless the blood is continuously vitalized by being fed with a bounteous supply of oxygen. Therefore

is deep breathing a great factor in the making of a successful salesman, a clerk, a telephone operator or even an errand boy or a cash girl. All persons, from the highest to the lowest, should aim to perform their tasks in the best possible manner, as it is only by so doing that the errand boy may hope to become a manager and the cash girl the head of a department.

Deep Breathing Drives Waste Matter from the Lungs and Sends Clean Blood Through the Body

There is more fuel to be had in the atmosphere than from any amount of food we may eat. We cannot eat too much air, but it is an easy matter to clog the entire system by eating too much food. Every mouthful of air that we take into the lungs carries with it the power to drive out the waste matter, in the form of carbonic gas, after the oxygen has been extracted from it, but over-indulgence in the tempting dishes of the table will not only not vitalize the body, but will weaken it by clogging the intestines and generating poisons. Full and adequate breathing strengthens the heart and makes it capable of distributing the blood through all the veins and arteries, thus carrying off all dead matter and waste tissue and keeping the body in a healthy state. Proper breathing keeps the mind clear, and revitalizes it when it is tired. Correct breathing gives

one control over the voice and permits its use with the least possible exertion. Thus we see that by breathing properly health, mental power, and vocal control are promoted and perfected, and as all these things are essential to those who are engaged in business of any kind, it behooves men and women of the business world, as well as their brothers and sisters of the professional world, to give some heed as to their mode of breathing.

Correct Breathing, Though Natural to Man,
Must Be Learned Again

Many are inclined to scoff at the idea of learning how to breathe. "Is it not natural," they say, "for people to breathe?" Yes, but often people wander from nature and have to resort to art to bring them back. It is natural for us to be well, yet many suffer from illness. It is natural for us to be erect, of firm carriage, possessed of all our faculties, and yet the majority of persons, through carelessness or vice on the part of themselves or their forebears, are deficient in many of these natural attributes and powers. Nature acts perfectly when not interfered with, but like a delicate piece of mechanism is easily disarranged and must be carefully nursed and doctored before she will forgive the interference and once more resume her work. So is it with breathing. It is natural to breathe correctly, but because of bad habits the