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tension of Christ's kingdom, if we must associate, in any degree, with men of all denominations. But, surely, there is an error in this judgment. We seek the aid of all deseriptions of men in defending our country against the enemy. We love to see men of all descriptions shewing their allegiance to the King. Was it ever said to a poor man, You are not qualified to shew your alle giance to the King. You must not cast your mite into the treasury of your King? My Brethren, let every man, who opposes these institutions, examine his own heart, whether he be true in his allegiance to the King of Kings.

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The sermon contains many valuable hints with respect to the necessary qualifications of missionaries.They must be men who can say with truth that they are moved to the work by the Holy Ghost," such men as the Hindoo Christians would call men of the beatitudes."

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"In regard to learning," he further remarks, "they will acquire some portion of it in a foreign land. It is proper to observe, that a Missionary is not made such in his own country; but in the country of his labours. Learning is eventually necessary for him: it is indispensable to great success: but it is not so requisite at his first entrance on his missionary employment. The primary qualifications, are evangelic fortitude, zeal, bumility, self-denial, prudence, temperance; to which must be added, assiduity in learning a new language with the docility of a child. And, in the period of eight or ten years, whilst that language is acquiring, some other branches of useful learning may be successfully cultivated," p. 28.

And again:

The proper learning of the Christian Preacher, who goes forth to the Gentiles, is an accurate knowledge of the Bible, and a general knowledge of the history of the world. It was reported to me, as a saying of the venerable Swartz, that the foundation of extensive usefulness among the Heathen is ⚫ a knowledge of the Scriptures in the vernacular language, and an acquaintance with the history of nations in any language.' This seems to be the testimony of truth. The History of the world illustrates the Word of God; and the Book of Providence, when piously studied, becomes a commentary on the Book of Revelation. But if the preacher be ignorant of the great events of the world, the word of prophecy' is in a manner lost in his ministry; particularly in relation to

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the revolutions in Eastern nations: for, in this respect, the East has an importance greater than that of the West; for the East is the country of the first generations of men." p. 23.

If there be any part of Dr. Buchanan's suggestions of which we should be disposed to question the soundness, it is that which recommends that societies and individuals should charter ships to carry the glad tidings of the Gospel into all nations. As there is no likelihood, however, that the advice will be speedily acted upon, we will, for the present, wave any discussion of the point.

But though we may not exactly coincide with Dr. Buchanan as to the expediency, under present circumstances, of this particular measure, we do not the less warmly recom mend his sermon to the attention of our readers. It is an honest and forcible, and we trust will prove a successful, appeal to Christians on the solemn duty, which God has attached to their profession, of giving light to a dark world. But it would be unfair to its author, were which he has here made to rouse Chriswe to confine our view to the effort tians to an adequate apprehension of their high obligations. It is due to him to say, that few, if any, men of the present day, have laboured with more energy, or with more effect, in this field of honourable service. Even his writings, important as they are, form but a small part of his contribu tion to this great cause. While in In dia, those who know him know that he spared no personal exertions, that he grudged no pecuniary sacrifice, by which he could hope to revive and accredit the almost dormant claims of Christianity among the mass of awaken their compassion for the our European population, or to wretched condition of our Hindoo brethren. Unmoved by opposition and obloquy, unruffled even by the unkindness of some whose, good he sought, he laboured unceasingly that the blessed light of heaven might be admitted to the millions in British India who are now im

mersed in the thickest darkness. And his labour has not been in vain. No man can have attended to the state of opinions in that country, during the last fifteen years, without perceiving that on this important point a great revolution of sentiment has taken place, big, we trust, with the most momentous benefits to mankind. And that much of this beneficial change is to be attributed to the private, yet active and persevering exertions, still more than to the public labours, of Dr. Buchañan, we have satisfactory grounds for believing...

But our limits will not permit us to enter into details on this subject. We are, nevertheless, unwilling to close our review without stating that a week has not passed since we had in our hands, fresh from the printing press at Bombay, an impression of the Gospels of St. Matthew and St. Mark in the Malayalim or Malabar tongue, being the precursor of an entire version of the Scriptures in a language which, as

Dr. Buchanan has strikingly observed in his sermon, (p. 33), is “not only vernacular to millions of Hin doos and Mahomedans, but is the language of three hundred thousand Christians, who never saw the Bible." Now be it known, that to Dr. Buchanan, though he himself has modestly concealed the fact, are we chiefly indebted for this great work. Surely these millions, and the millions who shall spring from their loins, will hereafter rise up and call him blessed., In this one work he has treasured up living fund of consolation, sufficient, not merely to neutralize, but to sweeten every trouble of life. The world may load him with reproach; men may cast out bis name as evil;-but his witness is in heaven-his record is on high-and, even on earth, his name, we doubt not, will shine, in after ages, among the best benefactors of the human race*.

* For some account of the Report, annex. ed to the above sermon, see the “Religious Intelligence," p, 585, &c.

LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL INTELLIGENCE,

GREAT BRITAIN.

&c. &c.

In the press: The Works of the late Bishop (Porteus) of London, in 6 vols. 8vo. ;-A fifth Volume of Beloe's Anecdotes of Literature;-Fourth and last Volume of Stewart's Atheus;-Joseph, a Poem, by the Rev. C. Lucas, A.M.;-Hints on Toleration, addressed to Lord Sidmouth;-An Account of the present State of the Spanish Colonies in America, and particularly of Hispaniola :---Ancient Poems, from MSS. in the time of Elizabeth, by Mr. Fry-A Missionary's Account of Tonkin and Cochinchina, in French.

Preparing for the press: A History of the Public Buildings of Oxford, by Mr. A, Chalmers, F. S. A.;-Historical Memoranda of the War in the Levant, during the years 1798, 1799, 1800, and 1801.

The Rev. Dr. William Bell, Prebendary of Westminster, has transferred the sum of

15,500l. three per cent. Consols. to Magdalen College, Cambridge, for the purpose of founding eight new Scholarships,

At a meeting held at Bristol, on the 18th June last, an Institution was formed, called "The Bristol Institution for the Cure of Diseases of the Eye among the Poor."

A number of merchants, and other publicspirited individuals, have projected, and are about constructing, a harbour and basin at Mount's Bay, for the security of shipping, where vessels of any tonuage, and in any wind, may find security from the storms and accidents so frequent and so fatal on that part of the coast. A plan of this kind has long been a desideratum with shippers and ship owners; and, if properly carried into execution, we have no doubt will prove highly beneficial to the country at large, and amply remunerate the individuals engaged in the concern.

The net produce of the customs for the four last years, ending 5th April, has been as follows, viz.

1807. Permanent L. 6,666,248 War taxes 2,946,352

1808. Permanent L. 6,497,456 War taxes 2,626,156

1809. Permanent L.6,153,258 War taxes 2,355,000

1810. Permanent L. 7,690,333

War taxes 3,290,442

9,612,600

9,123,612

8,508,258

10,980,775 The net produce of the excise during the same years, including annual duties and temporary and war duties, has been

For 1807

1808

1809

1810

L. 23,740,518

24,476,402

22,837,856

23,833,621

up near Minava. It is, supposed to have been about ten or twelve feet long. The horns far exceed in size those of oxen of the present day; being a foot and a half in circumference at the root, and two feet and a half long. Foreign naturalists were of opinion that this head belonged to the race of Urus, mentioned by Cæsar in his Commentaries, and which some suppose still to exist in the mountains of Siberia and the forests of Poland.

M. Tauscher, the botanist, who is employed by Count Alexei Rasumowski, has arrived at Sarepta, on the Wolga, with a rich collection of rare and unknown plants, collected in the steppes or desert plains, northward of the Caspian Sea. This traveller has also visited the islands in that sea, where he has found the Indian lotus. The governor of Casan gave M. Tauscher an escort of 100 Cossacks, with one piece of cannon, which enabled him to disperse a troop of 600 Ker gises, assembled with the intention of pillag

The net produce of the post-office has been ing him. This is the first time, perhaps, that

For 1808 L. 1,098,700

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a botanist ever travelled with cannon.

PRUSSIA.

Last summer an experiment of a new

The net produce of the assessed taxes has kind was tried at Philipsthal, in East Prussia. been

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This was, to split a rock by means of lightning. An iron rod, similar to a conductor, was fixed in the rock, and on the occurrence of the first thunder-storm the lightning was conducted down the rod, and split the rock

The net produce of the property tax has into several pieces without displacing it.

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The following account of the present state of the universities, and other seminaries of education in the new kingdom of Westphalia, has been published: The universities of Halle, Gottingen, Helmstadt, Marburg, and Rinteln, contain 1207 students. There are besides in the kingdom 52 gymnasia or classical schools, at which are educated 6851 children. The inferior schools, at which are taught reading, writing, and arithmetic, amount to 3600, and are attended by 253,338 children of both sexes. In each of the two cities of Brunswick and Magdeburg, there are thirty-five public institutions for every branch of education, besides private seminateaching are so arranged, that the children ries. In the public schools, the hours of who attend them are generally able to earn their livelihood at the intervals. On a moderate computation, there is a teacher for every 50 children throughout the kingdom.

ITALY.

In prosecuting the researches at Pompeii, there has been discovered a large edifice adorned with columns, which appears to

have been one of the chief public buildings panion of Lord Valentia, in his voyages and of the town.

In consequence of a particular report made by the Committee of Arts, at Rome, orders have been issued for the repairing, with all possible dispatch, of the two very elegant temples of Vesta and Fortuna Virilis, great part of which yet exists between the great sewer and the ancient bridge of the senate. A beginning has also been made to clear the three principal apartments in the baths of Titus, which have been most admired by strangers. It has farther been resolved to repair what remains of the temple of Antoninus and Faustina; of the theatre of Marcellus; of the-portico of Octavia; of the temples of Concord and Jupiter Stator; and other monuments of ancient grandeur.

NORTH AMERICA.

Steam has been applied with success in the United States, to the purposes of inland navigation. The passage-boat between New York and Albany is 160 feet long, and wide in proportion, with accommodation for 100 passengers; and the machine which moves Its wheels is equal to the power of 24 horses, and is kept in motion by steam from a copper boiler eight or ten feet in length. Its route is 150 miles, which is performed regularly twice a week, and sometimes in 32 hours, when the wind is fair.

SOUTH AMERICA.

The following account seems to require confirmation. About the middle of June, 1809, some men digging for gold in the province of Quito, in South America, came to an extremely hard substance about two feet below the surface of the earth. On digging it up, it proved to be the shaft of a column exquisitely ornamented with grape-vine, &c. This induced them to dig farther, and they met with a prodigious quantity of remains of elegant columns, beautiful arches, and every other appendage to the most splendid edifices. These are to be found in a space of about two miles in circumference, and are in appearance the remains of a large city; but when, or by whom erected, is uncertain. The figures upon them appear, from their shape, Contour, dress, and other circumstances, to be Mexican. It is also reported that some remains of statues have been found, which would bear a comparison with the most celebrated productions of Greece and Rome.

AFRICA.

The latest intelligence received from the east coast of Africa, by way of the Red Sea, states that Mr. Salt, the secretary and com

travels in the East, and who. was some time since sent by his Majesty with presents to the court of Abyssinia, reached Mocha in October last. He left that place early in the following month for Ait, in the Abyssinian district of Buré. Captain Rudland had been for some time resident at Mocha, and had received several communications from Nathaniel Pierce, whom Lord Valentia left in Abyssinia. It appears that the Ras or primeminister had been successful in several battles, both against the Galla and his rivals. He had sent down Pierce to Ait with presents for Captain Rudland; and it was fully ascertained that the communication thence to Antakalon was easy. There is every rea son to believe that Mr. Salt would visit Gondar, and be able to quit the country on his return early in March. The French had, as was expected, taken alarm at his proceedings, and had begun to intrigue at Mocha, at Jidda, and even in Abyssinia. The Ras had, however, professed his regard for the English, and declined all communication with

them.

EAST INDIES.

Some years since the nutmeg and clove. trees were brought from the Molucca islands, and introduced into several of the British settlements in the east; and, among others, Bencoolen. Accounts received during the last three or four years from Bencoolen, have furnished, from time to time, the most satisfactory reports of the thriving state of the plantations established at that place. The recent accounts surpass all former expectations. The trees are represented as loaded with fruit; and the younger plantstions are in such prosperity, that in the course of a few years, the produce of Sumatra will be competent to the supply of the European market with cloves, nutmegs, and

mace.

One advantage, which could scarcely have been foreseen, has arisen from the late march of the British army to the banks of the Sutledge, namely, the introduction of vaccination into the Punjab. The Sings, the Sikhs, and the different people of that country, whose religious prejudices are far less inveterate than in other parts of Hindoestan, received the vaccine most gladly, gave every facility to its propagation, and have taken such precautions as are likely to ensure the conting ance and extension of that mild disease. From its favourable reception in the Punjab, we may expect soon to hear of its being introduced into Cashinire, and the adjoining countries.

LIST OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

THEOLOGY.

fect Lustre, shewing the Origin and AntiMeditations for the Aged. By. J. Brews- quities of that illustrious Nation. By P. Enderbie. folio. 41. 48.

ter. 8vo. 9s. 6d.

Four Sermons preached in London at the Sixteenth General Meeting of the Missionary Society, May, 1810. Ss.

A Sermon preached at the Visitation of his Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury, in the Parish Church of Ashford. By R. Laurence, LL.D. 1s. 6d.

The Four Gospels and Acts of the Apostles, with Notes explanatory and practical, for the Use of Families and Schools. By J. Mann, D.D. 12mo. 1s. 6d.

Divine Justice; a Sermon preached before the Associated Ministers and Churches of Hampshire, at West Cowes, Isle of Wight. By S. Sleigh. 8vo.

Sermons, by the late Rev. Richard de Courcy; of Shrewsbury, second edition; to which is added an Essay on pure and undefiled Religion, with Portrait. 9s. boards.

De Courcy's Christ Crucified the distinguishing Topic of the Gospel, &c. Second edition. 9s. boards.

A New Defence of the Holy Roman Church against Heretics and Schismatics. By the Author of Hora Solitariæ. Second edition. 2s. 6d. boards.

MISCELLANEOUS.

An Illustration of the Egyptian, Grecian, and Roman Costume, in Forty Outlines, selected, drawn, and engraved by T. Baxter.

16s.

Cambria's Triumphs, or Britain in its per

An Account of the Life and Character of Alexander Adam, LL.D. Rector of the High School of Edinburgh, Author of Latin Grammar, Roman Antiquities, &c. with an Ap. pendix. Dedicated to Francis Horner, Esq. M. P. 8vo. 5s. 6d.

The Edinburgh Annual Register for 1808, in two Parts. 8vo. 1l. 48.

Reply of General Sarrazin to the Narrative made by General Clarke, Minister of War to Bonaparte. 15.

The Defence of Lieutenant-Colonel J. Bell, of the 1st Batalion of Madras Artillery, on his Trial at Bangalore before a General Court Martial, as it was read in Court by his Counsel, C. Marsh, Esq. 3s.

An Account of the Sacrifices made, and the Sufferings experienced, by the valiant Inhabitants of the Tyrol and Voralberg, dur ing the last and preceding War; with a Sketch of the Military Events in those Countries. By Major C. Muller. 1s. 6d.

The Harleian Miscellany, selected from the Library of R. Harley, Earl of Oxford, with Notes. By J. Park, F.S.A. Vol. VI. 4to. 31. 3s.

A Collection of scarce and valuable Tracts, selected from the Library of the late Lord Somers, and several public as well as private Libraries. By W. Scott, Esq. Vol. III. 4to. 31. 3s.

Instructive Tales, by Mrs. Trimmer, collected from the Family Magazine. 12mo. 41.

RELIGIOUS INTELLIGENCE.

SUBSTANCE OF THE REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE OF THE SOCIETY FOR MISSIONS TO AFRICA AND THE EAST.

1. Mission to the Western Coast of Africa.

THE Society will perceive that progress has been made in that quarter; and that the seed is sowing, particularly in the education of children, which promises, under the Divine blessing, a future harvest.

Some of the missionaries, indeed, suffered greatly from the climate; and one of them, Mr. Barneth, was reduced so low, that be had scarcely arrived in the Rio Pongas, before he was summoned to his eternal rest. CHRIST. OBSERV. No. 105.

The committee lament the loss of this faithful servant of Christ. He was a man of a simple and affectionate disposition. His journals breathe ardent piety towards God, and fervent love to man; and his surviving brethren bear the most honourable testimony to his character.

The committee have also to lament the partial revival of the Slave Trade.

The improvement of westeru Africa, which was taking place in consequence of the abo lition of that traffic, was likely to be greatly impeded by this unhappy circumstance. The committee, however, observe, with pleasure, that this subject is taken up with seal 4 E

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