Human Biodiversity: Genes, Race, and HistoryTransaction Publishers, 2001 - 321 Seiten Are humans unique? This simple question, at the very heart of the hybrid field of biological anthropology, poses one of the false of dichotomies--with a stereotypical humanist answering in the affirmative and a stereotypical scientist answering in the negative. The "study "of human biology is different from the study of the biology of other species. In the simplest terms, people's lives and welfare may depend upon it, in a sense that they may not depend on the study of other scientific subjects. Where science is used to validate ideas--four out of five scientists preferring a brand of cigarettes or toothpaste--there is a tendency to accept the judgment as authoritative without asking the kinds of questions we might ask of other citizens' pronouncements. In "Human Biodiversity, "Marks has attempted to distill from a centuries-long debate what has been learned and remains to be learned about the biological differences within and among human groups. His is the first such attempt by an anthropologist in years, for genetics has undermined the fundamental assumptions of racial taxonomy. The history of those assumptions from Linnaeus to the recent past--the history of other, more useful assumptions that derive from Buffon and have reemerged to account for genetic variation--are the poles of Marks's exploration. |
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... Homo Sylves- tris : Or , the Anatomy of a Pygmie Compared with that of a Monkey , an Ape , and a Man . " The specimen was neither an orang - utan nor a pyg- my , but an infant male chimpanzee that had died of a jaw infection in England ...
... homo sylvestris ] . Tyson was more secure about the origin of his subject , had seen it alive , had studied its body upon its death , and had devoted an entire monograph to it , not simply a few paragraphs in a medical text , as Tulp ...
... Homo . Somewhat more distantly removed from the human - chimp - gorilla triad is the orang - utan ( Pongo ) of southeast Asia , and more distant still is the Asian gibbon ( Hylobates ) ( Figure 1.5 ) . human chimpanzee gorilla orang ...
... Homo , which has changed anatomically and behaviorally very much from its close relatives , the apes . Genetically , however , it was shown in the early 1960s that humans fall in neatly with the chimpanzees and gorillas . " The genetic ...
... Homo Paranthropus other Catarrhini Platyrrhini --------------- ------------------- Figure 1.7 . Using an out - group comparison helps to establish the polarity of an evolutionary change . species just outside the evolutionary event in ...
Inhalt
PROCESSES AND PATTERNS IN THE EVOLUTIONARY | 25 |
The Gene Pool | 32 |
Evolutionary Narratives | 38 |
Patterns in the Evolution of Species and Culture | 44 |
PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY AS THE STUDY | 49 |
Notes | 60 |
History Biology and the Theory of Progress | 66 |
The Culture Concept Nudges Out the Race Concept | 73 |
Hemoglobin Variation in the Human Species | 146 |
HUMAN DIVERSITY IN THE LIGHT | 157 |
Patterns of Genetic Differentiation | 165 |
Patterns of Genetic Diversity | 172 |
THE ADAPTIVE NATURE OF HUMAN VARIATION | 183 |
HEALTH AND HUMAN POPULATIONS | 203 |
HERITAGE OR HABITUS? | 219 |
GENETICS AND THE EVOLUTION OF HUMAN | 237 |
RACIAL AND RACIST ANTHROPOLOGY | 99 |
PATTERNS OF VARIATION IN HUMAN | 117 |
Genetics and the Human Races | 125 |
Genetics of the Human Species | 133 |
The Genome | 139 |
How do we Establish the Genetic Base | 243 |
CONCLUSIONS | 265 |
Index | 314 |
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