Human Biodiversity: Genes, Race, and HistoryTransaction Publishers, 2001 - 321 Seiten Are humans unique? This simple question, at the very heart of the hybrid field of biological anthropology, poses one of the false of dichotomies--with a stereotypical humanist answering in the affirmative and a stereotypical scientist answering in the negative. The "study "of human biology is different from the study of the biology of other species. In the simplest terms, people's lives and welfare may depend upon it, in a sense that they may not depend on the study of other scientific subjects. Where science is used to validate ideas--four out of five scientists preferring a brand of cigarettes or toothpaste--there is a tendency to accept the judgment as authoritative without asking the kinds of questions we might ask of other citizens' pronouncements. In "Human Biodiversity, "Marks has attempted to distill from a centuries-long debate what has been learned and remains to be learned about the biological differences within and among human groups. His is the first such attempt by an anthropologist in years, for genetics has undermined the fundamental assumptions of racial taxonomy. The history of those assumptions from Linnaeus to the recent past--the history of other, more useful assumptions that derive from Buffon and have reemerged to account for genetic variation--are the poles of Marks's exploration. |
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... example , that of the animal species on earth , only a restricted fraction shared a fundamental similarity : the ability to nurse young . He designated these the Class Mammalia , as opposed , for exam- ple , to the Class Reptilia ...
... example , the relevant out - group is the New World monkeys , or Platyrrhini , which are rather distantly related to the group subsuming apes and humans , within which a change in the canine teeth occurred . The Platyrrhini have large ...
... example , over a stretch of DNA spanning some of the major genes that code for hemoglobin , a strict genetic comparison can be made between various catarrhine species . Here human , chimpanzee , and gorilla all differ from one another ...
... example , had popularized the image of the noble savage , to whom civ- ilization was not so much advancement as it was a source of corrup- tion.26 The idea of a Golden Age in the remote past was well - known in classical philosophy and ...
... example of culture change . 32 Thus Boas brought cultural theory to its logical culmination in the 20th century ... examples of the diverse ways of being human . This did not mean that we are never allowed to evaluate aspects of other ...
Inhalt
PROCESSES AND PATTERNS IN THE EVOLUTIONARY | 25 |
The Gene Pool | 32 |
Evolutionary Narratives | 38 |
Patterns in the Evolution of Species and Culture | 44 |
PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY AS THE STUDY | 49 |
Notes | 60 |
History Biology and the Theory of Progress | 66 |
The Culture Concept Nudges Out the Race Concept | 73 |
Hemoglobin Variation in the Human Species | 146 |
HUMAN DIVERSITY IN THE LIGHT | 157 |
Patterns of Genetic Differentiation | 165 |
Patterns of Genetic Diversity | 172 |
THE ADAPTIVE NATURE OF HUMAN VARIATION | 183 |
HEALTH AND HUMAN POPULATIONS | 203 |
HERITAGE OR HABITUS? | 219 |
GENETICS AND THE EVOLUTION OF HUMAN | 237 |
RACIAL AND RACIST ANTHROPOLOGY | 99 |
PATTERNS OF VARIATION IN HUMAN | 117 |
Genetics and the Human Races | 125 |
Genetics of the Human Species | 133 |
The Genome | 139 |
How do we Establish the Genetic Base | 243 |
CONCLUSIONS | 265 |
Index | 314 |
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