commence a Boxer, by fighting the ftanding champion: for George was not then twenty, and Broughton was in the zenith of his age and art. Since that he has greatly diftinguished himself with others, but has never engaged Broughton more. He is a strong able Boxer, who with a skill extraordinary, aided by his knowledge of the small and back fword, and a remarkable judgement in the cross buttock fall, may conteft with any. But please or displease, I am refolved to be ingenuous in my characters. Therefore I am of the opinion, that he is not overftocked with that neceffary ingredient of a Boxer, called a Bottom; and am apt to fufpect, that blows of equal strength with his, too much affect him and difconcert his conduct. Before I leave him, let me do him this juftice to fay, that if he were unqueftionable in his bottom, he would be a match for any man *. It will not be improper, after George the Barber, to introduce one Boswell, a man who wants nothing but courage to qualify him for a complete Boxer. He has a particular blow with his left hand at the jaw, which comes almoft as hard as a little horse kicks. Praise be to his power of fighting, his excellent choice of TIME and MEASURE, his fuperior judgement, dispatching forth his executing arm! But fy upon his daftard heart, that marrs it all! As I knew that fellow's abilities, and his worm-dread foul, I never faw him beat, but I wished him to be beaten. Though I am charmed with the idea of his power and manner of fighting, I am fick at the thought his nurfewanting courage. Farewel to him, with this fair acknowledgement, that if he had a true ENGLISH bottom (the beft fit This man died Feb. 21. 1750, and the following Epitaph is on his tomb-ftone in Deptford church-yard: Farewel, ye honours of my brow! Victorious wreaths, farewel! And conquer-even DEATH! The newspapers of the time take notice of a battle fought between Taylor and Slack, the 31st of January 1749-50, at Broughton's Amphitheatre, which held 25 minutes, when Taylor with fome difficulty beat his antagopift. ting epithet for a man of spirit) he would carry all before him, and be a match for even Broughton himself. I will name two men together, whom I take to be the best bottom men of the modern boxers: and they are Smallwood, and George Stevenson, the coachman. I faw the latter fight Broughton for forty minutes. Broughton I knew to be ill at that time; befides, it was a haftymade match, and he had not that regard for his preparation as he afterwards found he should have had. But here his true bottom was proved, and his conduct fhone. They fought in one of the fair-booths at Tottenham Court, railed at the end towards the pit. After about thirty-five minutes, being both against the rails, and fcrambling for a fall, Broughton got such a lock upon him, as no mathematician could have devifed a better. There he held him by this artificial lock, depriving him of all power of rifing or falling till refting his head for about three or four minutes on his back, he found himself recovering; then loofed the hold, and on fetting to again, he hit the coachman as hard a blow as any he had given him in the whole battle, that he could no longer ftand; and his brave contending heart, though with reluctance, was forced to yield. The coachman is a most beautiful hitter; he put in his blows fafter than Broughton, but then one of the latter's told for three of the former's. Pity-so much spirit should not inhabit a ftronger body! Smallwood is thorough game, with judgement equal to any, and fuperior to moft. I know nothing Smallwood wants but weight, to ftand against any man; and I never knew him beaten fince his fighting Dimmock, (which was in his infancy of Boxing, and when he was a perfect tripling in years), but by a force fo fuperior, that to have refifted longer would not have been courage, but madnefs. If I were to chufe a Boxer for my money, and could but purchase him ftrength equal to his refolution, Smallwood fhould be the man. James proclaim a moft charming Boxer. He is delicate in his blows, and has a wrift as delightful to thofe who fee him fight, as it is fickly to thofe who fight against him. I acknowledge him to have the best spring of the arm of all the modern Boxers; he is a complete mafter of the art; and, as I do not know he wants a bottom, I think it a great pity he he should be beat for want of strength to ftand his man. I have now gone through the characters of the moft noted Boxers, and finifhed my whole work. As I could not praise all in every article, I must offend fome; but if I do not go to-bed till every body is pleased, my head will ach as bad as Sir Roger's. I declare that I have not had the leaft thought of offending throughout the whole treatife, and therefore this declaration fhall be my quiet draught. Let me conclude with a general call to the true British fpirit, which, like pureft gold, has no alloy. How readily would I encourage it, through the most threatening dangers, or fevereft pains, or pledge of life itfelf! Let us imitate the glorious example we enjoy, in the faving offspring of our King, and bleffed Guardian of our country. Him let us follow with our keen fwords, and warm glowing hearts, in defence of our juft caufe, and prefervation of Britain's honour. Europ. Mag. Reflections upon WALKING. SIR, Among the various and fleeting fa fhions of the day, it fometimes happens that the bias is towards fomething really innocent, and perhaps profitable. An inftance occurs at prefent. The fashion is now coming in to walk for wagers, This, in my opinion, will benefit the parties much more than employing men to bruife and beat each other, and may induce many to take fuch care of their health as to be able to walk. But whether the fashion of walking, which by the bye comes from the very highest au thority, will become general, or whether, like all the examples derived from that high fource, it will be viewed without being followed, I cannot pretend to fay; a few reflections, however, may not be amifs, on a subject which concerns the health fo nearly as this. The increated opulence of individuals has been attended with an increase of carriages. A few years ago a very capital coachmaker thought himself very well off if he could make and dispose of four or five coaches in a year, with perhaps a few chaifes, &c. and leffer carriages; and now he reckons it a bad year if he does not send out above one hundred coaches, fome more, according to their character for taste and elegance. And it must be confeffed, and any birthday will prove, that in this very elegant manufacture we excel all the world. There are few crowned heads in Europe. that do not poffefs at least ene English carriage, and would perhaps have more, if it did not tend to difcourage their fubjects. Hence all our nobility and opulent citizens ride in carriages when they with to take exercife: but riding is not, in fact, a complete exercife; the lower limbs are not employed, and how often do we find them perfectly benumbed after riding for half a day in a carriage; a proof of languid circulation, and that this mode of exercise is very improper for perfons labouring under complaints of the breaft, bowels, or upper parts. The only real and perfect exertion for the whole body is Walking; it is a great misfortune for any one to give up this exercise, as that of a carriage never can compenfate, and that on horfeback is in general too violent for valetudinarians. To bring walking, then, into fashion, will tend very much to the health of all irregular people, and particularly of ladies, who are destroyed by idlenefs and the va pours. It is a maxim with me, that every man may know what ftate of health he enjoys, by obferving the effects a long walk has upon him, fuppofing him to have no complaint, fuch as the gout, which may prevent him. And when we become negligent of walking, we allow disease to creep upon us without our being fenfible of it, until too late. A proof of this we may fee in the difficulty with which they walk, who have long given over the practice. It diforders them very much; they are knocked up with the fatigue of a very fhort way, and incapacitated from stirring a step more that day: this never would have been the cale, had they uniformly continued this healthful practice, which I wonder is not oftener recommended by physicians, as it is certainly the moft natural exer cife a man can take, and may be used at difcretion, according as the patient can bear more or less of it. Our habits of living in this country at prefent are such, as render exercife abfolutely neceffary; we become extremely luxurious in our tables, and nature is by no means capable of throwing off the fuperfluous load of our diet. For want, therefore, therefore, of exercise, and owing to this mode of living, fudden deaths are now fo frequent, that fcarcely a day paffes without our hearing of fome inftance of perfons apparently in good health, dying in a moment of apoplexies-fo frequent is this indeed become, that it has been the fubject of much obfervation. But I am much mistaken, if it can be accounted for in any other way than I have mentioned. I am not infenfible, however, that to many, walking to excefs is an improper exercife, and that there are many more, who, from difufe, are not now able to take fo much of this exercife as to be of fervice to them. But this is an additional argument in favour of the exercife as I have recommended it: for, opposed to fresh inftances, I could produce many more of aged perfons, who owe their life and perfect health to hating never difcontinued the practice of walking. If once difcontinued, it is very difficult, and indeed almoft impoffible, to recover it; and the cafe is rendered the more deplorable, that they who cannot walk, can rarely ride on horfeback; and as for a carriage, from the reafons I gave above, it cannot be confidered as fupplying that exercife which a valetudioarian ftands in need of. It gives me, therefore, fome pleasure to hope that the very natural, healthful, and manly exercife of walking, will be come a fashion again, as it may ftimuhate the lazy, the overgrown, and the fedentary, to try their powers. 1 fion, on the part of the innkeeper, before the court of feffion, to which answers were given in: and it was ftated to the court, that the object of the prosecution was to obtain a correction in future, of what had been confidered to be an impofition and abufe, which it was hoped their Lordships would be pleased to remedy; that no idea whatever was entertained, of demanding from the inn keeper what was deemed paft overcharges, but only a top to be put to the overcharge in future, and therefore the opinion of the court was requested on the point; that if their Lordships paffed the bill of fufpenfion, it would be final with the profecutor, who only fought the correction of the abufe. The court paffed the bill, in refpect of the inconveniencies which might accrue to the innkeepers from after profecutions for repetition of paft overcharges of hire; and declared, at the fame time, their opinion of the impropriety of the charge; but that it belonged to the juftices of the peace, as regulators of the police in the feveral counties, to fix and determine what hires they judged expedient to be demanded and paid for within the county. The question was accordingly brought under confideration of the different counties interefted, at their fubfequent meetings of Head-court; and regulations have been published in fome counties, (in particular the county of Aberdeen), fixing the hire of post-hories within the county to be, in time coming, fimilar to the practice fouth of the Forth. I am, &c. A PERIPATETIC. For the SCOTS MAGAZINE. Hire of Post-horfes north of the Forth. THE Innkeepers on the roads in Scot-lation of that matter, the following con land north of the Forth, were in fiderations are fubmitted to the atten. ufe of charging for four horfes to one tion of the public. carriage double hire of what they demand for a pair. A confiderable time has now elapfed fince the above profecution took place; and the justices of the peace having in many counties as yet declined the regu The hire demanded fouth of the Forth, and in England, for four horfes That matter was fame time fince to one carriage, is is. 3d. per mile, brought judicially before the fheriff of a English measure; north of the Forth, northern county, who found the demand I s. 6d. per mile, the fame measure; 9 d. of double hire illegal, in refpect that the per mile is in both countries the hire fame was neither paid fouth of the Forth, paid for one pair of horses, and all (direct proof of the practice at Edin- exclufive of the tax paid on horfes burgh having been produced in procefs), hired to run poft by the mile. Now nor in England; but assoilzied the inn- whatever hire may be paid for the keeper from repetition of the over- wheel-pair of horfes, (and which may charge, in refpect of former practice in vary according to the country, the that part of the country. The inn-hillinefs, or badnefs of the roads), it keeper having reclaimed, the sheriff ad- is fubmitted, whether in any event or hered to his interlocutor; upon which situation of roads whatever, double hire the caufe was carried by bill of fufpen to what is paid for the wheel-horfes ought ought to be demanded for the leading pair? Tear and wear are both undoubtedly lefs on the leaders than on the wheelhorfes, and that must be fo, whether the innkeeper furnishes a carriage with the horses or no; and the fatigue on all the horses will also be lessened. An innkeeper will let two carriages in Scotland, with a pair of horfes in each, for the fame hire which he demands for four horfes to one carriage; will he in running his two carriages fuffer no more waste than he would in running both pairs in one carriage? It has been urged for them, that north of the Forth hires of four horfes feldom occur, and that when they do occur, their fecond carriage is left at home idle and unufed. They are left in full poffeffion of that argument. The proportion fixed in England, and adopted fouth of the Forth in Scotland, for the hire of the leading horfes, is, exclufive of the duty, two thirds of what is paid for the wheel pair. Whether that be a juft proportion to be adopted north of the Forth, is left with the public to determine. In France every horfe ufed is paid for equally. But in that country the poftes are farmed for behoof of the revenue; and a calculation is formed of what baggage fhall be carried by travellers, which, when adhered to, is fuppofed to put a poft-coach with fix hories on the fame footing with an open two-wheelled carriage and pair; and accordingly in that country, whichever carriage leaves the poft-houfe firft, will arrive at the next alfo firft; the boys who drive are prohibited, by the regulations des poftes, from paffing one another on the road; and were one to put additional horses to his carriage, when travelling in France, he would not thereby alter the cafe, or get on any faster. 12th February. CIVIS. Account of a new Invention for preferving Ships Bottoms, published by the Academy of Sciences at Stockholm. MR Faxe, phyfician of the admiralty of Carlfcroone, having often obfer. ved the damage in the doubling of ships, and the evils which refulted from their being fheathed with copper, endeavour. ed to discover a method to prevent thofe effects. He has at laft fucceeded, by a compofition of a certain fone, mixed with rags, and which forms a kind of paper. From repeated trials it is found this fubftance perfectly refifts the water; having been boiled feven hours fucceffively in a copper veffel hermetically fealed, without undergoing the leaft alteration. A fheet of it was alfo placed in a cataract, where it remained three months, with the water continually running on it, againft which it was equal proof. It refits with the fame fuccefs, fire, cold, and free air. The folution of iron and of vitriol of copper adds to its folidity, and if done over with linfeed-oil, tar, pitch, or other grease, it refifts the water. Mr Faxe has therefore proposed to have it employed in the doubling or sheathing of veffels with copper, and to place it between the thip and the copper to prevent the ruft and the verdigrease from destroying the iron bolts and other work of the ship. Also to cover the powder magazines, and other places exposed to the danger of fire, with it, and to cover the tons. A Mr Hielm has calculated the advan tages of this compofition or paper employed to cover the tops: One hundred fquare ells of it only weighs 422 pounds. The fame furface of iron plates 1142, of fingle planks 1150, of tiles from 3600 to 4800. The price of thefe hundred ells of paper is only three rix-dollars, and the fame furface of copper costs from 31 to 43 rix-dollars, of iron plates 35, of tiles 9, and of planks 4. The fheets of paper are 13 inches (Rhine measure) long, and 10 wide, and the twelfth part of an inch thick. Mr Faxe has established a large manufactory at Carlfcroone for making it, and meets with very great encouragement. Account of the number of Slaves in North America and the West Indies, whose annual confumption is fupplied from Africa. [From Cooper's Supplementary Letters on the Slave-Trade.] Nglish (and North American) ftock French 1,500,000 400,000 2,500,000 1,000,000 100,000 TRAITS for the LIFE of the late ATHENIAN STUART. JAM TAMES STUART, Efq; was the fon of a mariner of an inferior station, at whofe death his wife and four children, of whom Mr Stuart, was the eldest, were totally unprovided for: he exhibited at a very early period of life the feeds of a ftrong imagination, brilliant talents, and a general thirft of knowledge: drawing and painting were his earliest occupations; and these be pursued with fuch unabated perfeverance and industry, that, while yet a boy. he contributed very effentially to the fupport of his widowed mother and her little family, by defigning and painting fans for the late Goupee of the Strand. Some time after, he placed one of his fifters under the care of this perfon as his fhop woman, and for many years continued to pursue the fame mode of main taining the reft of his family. Notwithstanding the extreme preffure of fuch a charge, and notwithstanding the many inducements which conftantly attract a young man of lively genius and extenfive talents, he employed the great. eft part of his time in those ftudies which tended to the perfecting himself in the art he loved. He attained a very accurate knowledge of anatomy; he became a correct draftsman, and rendered himself a mafter of geometry, and all the branches of the mathematics, fo neceffary to form the mind of a good painter: and it is no lefs extraordinary than true, that neceffity and application were his only inftructors; he has often confessed that he was firft led into the obligation of ftudying the Latin language by the defire of underftanding what was written under prints published after pictures of the ancient mafters. As his years increased, so his information accompanied their progrefs; he acquired a great proficiency in the Greek language, and his unparallelled ftrength of mind carried him into the familiar affociation with most of the fciences, and chiefly that of architecture. His ftature was of the middle fize, but athletic; of robuft conftitution, and a natural courage invincible by terror; and a bold perfeverance, unfhaken by the moft poignant difficulties. The following fact may serve as a proof of his fortitude: A wen had grown to an inconvenient fize upon the front of his forehead. One VOL, L. day being in conversation with a furgeon, whose name I much regret the having forgotten, he asked how it could be removed. The furgeon acquainted him with the length of the procefs; to which Mr Stuart objected on account of its interruption of his pursuits, and asked if he could not cut it out, and then it would be only neceffary to heal the part. The furgeon replied in the affirmative, but mentioned the very excruciating pain and danger of fuch an operation. Upon which Mr Stuart, after a minute's reflection, threw himself back in his chair, and faid, "I'll fit ftill, do it now." -The operation was performed with fuccefs. With fuch qualifications, though yet almoft in penury, he conceived the defign of feeing Rome and Athens; but the ties of filial and fraternal affection made him protract the journey till he could enfure a certain provifion for his mother, and his brother and fecond fifter. His mother died: he had foon after the good fortune to place his brother and fifter in a fituation likely to produce them a comfortable fupport; and then, with a very fcanty pittance in his pocket, he fet out on foot upon his expedition to Rome; and thus he performed the greatest part of his journey; travelling through Holand, France, &c. and stopping through neceffity at Paris, and several other places in his way, where, by his ingenuity as an artist, he procured fome moderate fupplies towards profecuting the rest of his journey. When he arrived at Rome, he made himself known to the late Mr Dawkins and Sir Jacob Bouverie, whofe admiration of his great qualities and wonderful perfeverance fecured to him their patronage; and it was under their aufpices that he went on to Athens, where he remained several years-During his refidence here, he became a master of architecture and fortification; and, having no limits to which his mind could be reftricted, he engaged in the army of the Queen of Hungary, where he ferved a campaign voluntarily as chief engineer. On his return to Athens, he applied himself more clofely to make drawings, and take the exact measurements of the Athenian architecture, which he afterwards publifhed on his return to England, after fourteen years abfence; and which work, from its claffical accuracy, will ever remain as an honour to this nation, and as a lafting monument of his I skill |