History of Greece

Demosthenes, Hyperides, and others, are condemned to death in
their absence. Antipater sends officers to track and seize the
Grecian exiles. He puts Hyperides to death

Demosthenes in sanctuary at Kalauria-Archias with Thracian

soldiers comes to seize him-he takes poison, and dies........ 440

Miserable condition of Greece-life and character of Demosthenes. 442

Dishonourable position of Phokion at Athens, under the Macedo-

nian occupation......

444

CHAPTER XCVI.

From the Lamian War to the close of the History of Free Hellas

and Hellenism.

Page

Antipater purges and remodels the Peloponnesian cities. He

attacks the Etolians, with a view of deporting them across to

Asia. His presence becomes necessary in Asia: he concludes a

pacification with the Etolians..

447

Plans of Perdikkas-intrigues with the princesses at Pella ...... 448

Antigonus detects the intrigues, and reveals them to Antipater

and Kraterus...

450

.....

Unpropitious turn of fortune for the Greeks, in reference to the

Lamian war

451

Antipater and Kraterus in Asia-Perdikkas marches to attack

Ptolemy in Egypt, but is killed by a mutiny of his own troops.

Union of Antipater, Ptolemy, Antigonus, &c. New distribution

of the satrapies, made at Triparadeisus

War between Antigonus and Eumenes in Asia. Energy and abi-

lity of Eumenes. He is worsted, and blocked up in Nora .... 455

Sickness and death of Antipater. The Athenian orator Demades

452

... 456

is put to death in Macedonia

Antipater sets aside his son Kassander, and names Polysperchon

viceroy. Discontent and opposition of Kassander ..... .. 457

Kassander sets up for himself, gets possession of Munychia, and
forms alliance with Ptolemy and Antigonus against Polysperchon. ib.

Plans of Polysperchon-alliance with Olympias in Europe, and

with Eumenes in Asia-enfranchisement of the Grecian cities.. 458

Ineffectual attempts of Eumenes to uphold the imperial dynasty

in Asia: his gallantry and ability: he is betrayed by his own

soldiers, and slain by Antigonus...

Edict issued by Polysperchon at Pella, in the name of the imperial

dynasty-subverting the Antipatrian oligarchies in the Grecian

cities, restoring political exiles, and granting free constitutions

to each

Letters and measures of Polysperchon to enforce the edict. State

of Athens exiles returning: complicated political parties:

danger of Phokion ....

Negotiations of the Athenians with Nikanor, governor of Munychia

Nikanor seizes Peiræus by surprise. Phokion, though forewarned,

takes no precautions against it

467

Mischief to the Athenians, as well as to Polysperchon, from Nika-

nor's occupation of Peiræus; culpable negligence, and probable

collusion, of Phokion

468

469

Arrival of Alexander (son of Polysperchon): his treacherous policy

to the Athenians; Kassander reaches Peiræus ...

Intrigues of Phokion with Alexander-he tries to secure for him-

self the protection of Alexander against the Athenians........ 470

Return of the deported exiles to Athens-public vote passed in the

Athenian assembly against Phokion and his colleagues. Pho-

kion leaves the city, is protected by Alexander, and goes to meet

Polysperchon in Phokis

Agnonides and others are sent as deputies to Polysperchon, to

accuse Phokion and to claim the benefit of the regal edict .... 472

Agnonides and Phokion are heard before Polysperchon-Phokion

and his colleagues are delivered up as prisoners to the Athe-

nians

Phokion is conveyed as prisoner to Athens, and brought for

trial before the assembly. Motion of his friends for exclusion

of non-qualified persons...

Intense exasperation of the returned exiles against Phokion―

grounds for that feeling

Phokion is condemned to death-vindictive manifestation against

him in the assembly, furious and unanimous...

Death of Phokion and his four colleagues ....

477

479

Alteration of the sentiment of the Athenians towards Phokion, not

long afterwards. Honours shown to his memory...

Explanation of this alteration. Kassander gets possession of
Athens, and restores the oligarchical or Phokionic party ..

Life and character of Phokion....

481

ib.

482

War between Polysperchon and Kassander, in Attica and Pelopon-

nesus. Polysperchon is repulsed in the siege of Megalopolis,

and also defeated at sea

486

Increased strength of Kassander in Greece-he gets possession

of Athens .....

... 487

Restoration of the oligarchical government at Athens, though in a

mitigated form, under the Phalerean Demetrius

Administration of the Phalerean Demetrius at Athens, in a moderate

spirit. Census taken of the Athenian population.......

Kassander in Peloponnesus-many cities join him-the Spartans

surround their city with walls...

488

489

492

Feud in the Macedonian imperial family-Olympias puts to death

Philip Aridæus and Eurydikê-she reigns in Macedonia: her

bloody revenge against the partisans of Antipater....

Kassander passes into Macedonia-defeats Olympias, and becomes

master of the country-Olympias is besieged in Pydna, captured,

and put to death

493

494

Page

Confederacy of Kassander,

495

496

Great power of Antigonus in Asia.

Lysimachus, Ptolemy, and Seleukus against him

Kassander founds Kassandreia, and restores Thebes..

Measures of Antigonus against Kassander-he promises freedom

to the Grecian cities-Ptolemy promises the like. Great power

of Kassander in Greece

498

Forces of Antigonus in Greece. Considerable success against

Kassander...

Pacification between the belligerents. Grecian autonomy guaran-

teed in name by all. Kassander puts to death Roxana and her

child

Polysperchon espouses the pretensions of Herakles, son of Alex-

ander, against Kassander. He enters into compact with Kas-

sander, assassinates the young prince, and is recognized as ruler

Assassination of Kleopatra, last surviving relative of Alexander the

Great, by Antigonus...

Ptolemy of Egypt in Greece-after some successes, he concludes a

truce with Kassander. Passiveness of the Grecian cities

Sudden arrival of Demetrius Poliorketes in Peiræus. The Athe-

nians declare in his favour. Demetrius Phalereus retires to

Egypt. Capture of Munychia and Megara ....

Demetrius Poliorketes enters Athens in triumph. He promises

restoration of the democracy. Extravagant votes of flattery

passed by the Athenians towards him. Two new Athenian tribes

Alteration of tone and sentiment in Athens, during the last thirty

years

508

Contrast of Athens as proclaimed free by Demetrius Poliorketes,

with Athens after the expulsion of Hippias

..... 510

.... 511

Opposition made by Demochares, nephew of Demosthenes, to these

obsequious public flatteries

Demetrius Phalereus condemned in his absence. Honourable
commemoration of the deceased orator Lykurgus....

Restrictive law passed against the philosophers-they all leave

Athens. The law is repealed next year, and the philosophers

return to Athens

ib.

..... 512

Exploits of Demetrius Poliorketes. His long siege of Rhodes.

Gallant and successful resistance of the citizens........

His prolonged war, and ultimate success in Greece, against Kas-

sander

514

515

Return of Demetrius Poliorketes to Athens-his triumphant re-

ception-memorable Ithyphallic hymn addressed to him......... 518

520

Helpless condition of the Athenians-proclaimed by themselves... 519

Idolatry shown to Demetrius at Athens. He is initiated in the

Eleusinian mysteries, out of the regular season........

March of Demetrius into Thessaly-he passes into Asia and joins

Antigonus-great battle of Ipsus, in which the four confede-

rates completely defeat Antigonus, who is slain, and his Asiatic

power broken up
and partitioned

Restoration of the Kassandrian dominion in Greece. Lachares makes

himself despot at Athens, under Kassander. Demetrius Polior-

ketes returns, and expels Lachares. He garrisons Peiræus and

Munychia

522

523

Death of Kassander. Bloody feuds among his family. Demetrius

acquires the crown of Macedonia.........................

525

Antigonus Gonatas (son of Demetrius) master of Macedonia and

Greece. Permanent rule of the Antigonid dynasty in Mace-

donia, until the conquest of that country by the Romans

Spirit of the Greeks broken-isolation of the cities from each other

The Greece of Polybius cannot form a subject of history by itself,

but only as an appendage to foreign neighbours

Evidence of the political nullity of Athens-public decree in

honour of Demochares-what acts are recorded as his titles to

public gratitude...........

529

CHAPTER XCVII.

Sicilian and Italian Greeks-Agathokles.

Constitution established by Timoleon at Syracuse—afterwards

exchanged for an oligarchy

531

Italian Greeks-pressed upon by enemies from the interior— Archi-

damus king of Sparta slain in Italy...........

532

Growth of the Molossian kingdom of Epirus, through Macedonian

aid-Alexander the Molossian king, brother of Olympias....................... 533

The Molossian Alexander crosses into Italy to assist the Taren-

tines. His exploits and death....................

534

Assistance sent by the Syracusans to Kroton-first rise of Aga-

thokles

535

Agathokles distinguishes himself in the Syracusan expedition-he

is disappointed of honours-becomes discontented and leaves

Syracuse.......

537

He levies a mercenary force-his exploits as general in Italy and

Sicily....

538

Change of government at Syracuse-Agathokles is recalled-his

exploits against the exiles-his dangerous character at home... 539

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History of Greece, Band 12