cated him. A prieft in prison, and a corregidor excommunicated, could not be without partifans, who widened the breach between the church and the law. The corregidor appealed to the Archbifhop of Lima, as metropolitan; his Grace felt indignation that it was not himself who had pronounced the fentence of excommunication, and took it off merely to fpite his fuffragan of Cufco.

Things were in this ftate, when the Great Barigel, or Prevoft of the Vifitor. General, arrived, in order to make out a new lift of the inhabitants, without diftinction of Indians, Mestees, or Mulattoes, for the purpose of laying on new taxes. The excommunicated corregidor was bufy in making the neceffary arrangements to forward the views of government. The caciques, and particnlarly Tupac Aymaruc, (whofe Spanish name is Don Jofeph Cafimir Boniface Tupamara, lineally defcended from the imperial family of the Incas, whofe empire was extinguifhed by the death of Atabalipa, the last emperor of Peru, who was murdered in 1541, by order of Don Diego d'Almagro, the aflociate of Fran- ' cis Pizarro), formed the bold refolution of arrefting the corregidor. This Tupac Aymaruc was cacique of the province, and a profeffed friend to the prieft. Ariaga (for that was the corregidor's name). was invited to dine with the cacique; but juft as he was fitting down to table, he was feized, and thrown into prifon, loaded with irons, and was so strictly watched, that he could not write to any perfon, or fo much as fee a friend. He was brought to trial in a few days; and the defcendant of the Incas compelled the corregidor to fubfcribe a circular letter to the principal caciques of the Indiaus, defiring that they would attend at Tinta, to be prefent at an execution that was to take place, by the King's orders, on the feast of St Charles. Áriaga ha. ving performed what the Indian prince required, the letter brought a vaft concourfe of people to Tinta. On the eve of the feaft of St Charles, Tupac caufed the corregidor's fentence to be read to him, in which it was fet forth, that, by the King's order, he was condemned to be hanged.

Ariaga finding it impoffible to extricate himfelt, refolved to make a virtue of neceflity; and arming himfelf with fortitude, refigned himself to his fate: he defired that he might have the h ppi

nefs to receive the facrament before his execution. Tupac, far from refusing his requeft, had given orders beforehand, that the minifters of the church fhould attend him.

On the day appointed for the execution, the great square was crouded, and the militia under arms, to preserve the peace: At nine o'clock in the morning, the facrament was carried folemnly to the pri fon; and Ariaga received it with all poffible fervour. At twelve the corregidor was brought out, under a strong guard of Indians well-armed, at whofe head rode Tupac, on a fine white horse; on each fide were the other Indian caciques, mounted on black horses. When they arrived at the gallows, which had been fixed in the great fquare, Tupac caufed the corregidor's fentence to be read fo loud that the croud might hear it. In the fentence it was pofitively afferted, that the execution was to take place in confequence of an exprefs command of the King. The unfortunate corregidor had then a habit of the order of St Francis put on, that he might thus die a member of that order. All this time there was not an executioner to be found. Tupac ordered one of the corregidor's flaves to execute the fentence, under pain of being hanged himself. The faithful flave threw himself at the feet of Tupac, and with tears intreated him to difpenfe with his fervices on the prefent occafion, declaring at the fame time, that he should die with grief, if he fhould execute the fentence. The poor fellow went farther, and implored mercy for what he called the beft of mafters. But Tupac was inflexible; and he fternly commanded the flave to obey. The latter, to fave his own life, put the rope about his master's neck, and tying it to the gallows, he took him in his arms, and leaped with him off the ladder. The weight of two men snapped the rope, and they both fell together. At the fight of this, the friars who had attended the corregidor in his devotions, threw themfelves at the fect of Tupac, and intreated him to spare Ariaga, who was ftill alive; and told him, that in Spain it was the custom to pardon a criminal if the rope fhould break with his weight. But Tupac was unmoved by their fupplications; and, with an air of inflexibility, told the friars, that it was impoffible to pardon a criminal whom the King himself had condemned to die. Another rope was therefore got, and the

poor

poor flave being obliged to go through the terrible office that had been imposed upon him, the corregidor was hanged. His body was kept hanging three days; and at the end of that time Tupac gave his friends leave to take him down, and bury him with all the funeral pomp ufual at the interment of corregidors.

In the mean time, Tupac, reflecting upon the confequences that he might naturally expect after such an act, began to take measures to prevent them, by af fembling fuch a force as fhould enable him to make head against the government. He foon mustered a body of 200 of the militia, and 5000 Indians, who joined him in confequence of a proclamation he had iffued, in which he promifed two reals a day to every foldier, four to every ferjeant, and fix to every officer.

The corregidor of Cusco hearing, in the mean time, how Tupac had treated the corregidor of Tinta, assembled 300 of the militia, and gave the command to the moft skilful officers, enjoining them, at the fame time, to use all means to get Tu pac into their power, and to fend him to Cufco. At the clofe of the fecond or third day after this detachment had fet out, they arrived at an Indian village, which they found totally deferted, the people having all joined Tupac's ftandard. The officers imagined they could not get a better place to lodge in that night; and therefore they and their detachment took up their quarters in the village. The Indians returned about day-break, and finding the Spaniards asleep in their huts, fell upon them, and immediately put 160 of them to the fword; the others fled to the church for refuge, and barri cadoed the gate. But that did not fave them: for Tupac coming up with a body of men, and not caring to force the barricado, ordered his people to fire the church. His orders were foon obeyed; and all the Spaniards, except five or fix, perished in the flames. Thefe five or fix were all who got back alive to Culco, out of 300, to tell the fad story of their difafter.

Tupac immediately fent off dispatches to all the caciques of the neighbouring provinces, to inform them of what had paffed; to point out to them the grounds he had to hope that he fhould be able to shake off the Spanish yoke, if they would follow his example, and fecond his efforts; and, lafly, to entreat that

they would fpeedily fend him fuccours, to enable him to withstand the attacks, which he knew the Spaniards would not fail to make upon his fmall force. What was the effect produced generally by his letters among the caciques, is not well known in Europe; all that we could learn with certainty upon that head was, that a kinfman of Tupac, who was the bearer of the difpatches, was arrested in the province of Afangaro, which borders on that of Tinta. The cacique of Afangaro was not to be thaken in his fidelity to the Spaniards; and therefore he caufed the envoy to be taken up, and sent him, together with the difpatches he had brought from Tupac, to the corregidor of the province. It feems that Tupac, in order to encourage the caciques to make a bold effort to recover the independence of their country, boasted in his dispatches, that he was at the head of an army of 25,000 men, well difciplined, and well provided with arms, and all kind of military stores.

The kinfman of Tupac was tried, and condemned to the fame fate that the rebel-prince had made the poor corregidor Ariaga fuffer at Tinta; and the fentence was carried into execution without delay. The news of this transaction fillrd Tupac with rage and indignation. He inftantly gave orders for affembling his army, and poured like a torrent into the province of Afangaro. Devastation marked his footsteps; the country was pillaged, and the houfes burnt; but he was particularly careful to demolish the fine house of the corregidor, who had condemned his kinfman to death. The corregidor himself had, however, been for tunate enough to escape; though, to do Tupac juftice, he had taken very wife precautions to make himself master of his perfon; fwearing, at the fame time, that if ever he should fall into his hands, he fhould be hanged like his brother corregidor of Tinta; thus refolving, as be faid, to appease the manes of his relation, by causing a corregidor to be hung on each fide of him, just as Chrift had hung between two thieves.

The corregidors of Cufco, Gamba, and Moutevideo, and fome other provinces, and all the caciques who rem ined faithful to governalent, made on their fide every effort to enable the government to reduce fo formidable an enemy. They mustered an army of 28,000 men, inclus ding two companies of the regiment of 3 S 2

Savoy,

Savoy, and a picquet of dragoons fent by the viceroy of Lima. Even the bishop of Cufco, who had excommunicated the unfortunate corregidor of Tinta, for imprifoning the priest, made all the clergy, regular and fecular, of his diocefe, take up arms; and Don John Emanuel Campero, who happened at the time to be at Lima, undertook to difcipline them. The friars made a moft grotesque figure under arms: The capuchins were ap pointed to ferve as grenadiers, probably because they could make frightful whifkers of their beards, and, because by pulling their capuchins over their heads, the long peak fticking up behind, might have fuggefted the idea of a ludicrous apology for a grenadier's cap.

The Spaniards pretend that, with this militia, half holy, half profane, they have been able to difperfe the troops under Tupac, to get into their hands his principal relations, and to force him to retire, with nis adherents, to the independent Indians of the mountains. But the pu blic will be able to judge of the probability of this defeat of Tupac, when it is

confidered, that he had an army nearly equal to that of the Spaniards; that the little oppofition they had met in the province of Afangaro, had convinced them that they were formidable; and, to fay all in a word, that they were fighting for liberty: And it should be remembered alfo, that in his army Tupac had a corps of 200 militia, who were not Indians.

Tupac is now in the thirty-eight year of his age, is a bold enterprising man, with a found understanding and natural talents, which have been improved by an early education at Cufco, in a college founded for the education of the caciques; and there he took out his degree as Doctor of Laws, called there fuis Utriufque Dedor. It is faid, that in the country to which the Spaniards pretend they have obliged him to fly, he has erected the ftandard of the ancient Incas, his great progenitors; and what renders him formidable, are the arms and train of artillery that fell into his hands when he put to the fword, or deftroyed by fire, the 300 men that had been fent againft him by the corregidor of Cufc. Exclufive of the great booty he made in provisions, merchandife, &c. he has carried off with him a large fum of money. In the house of the poor correg.dor Ariaga he got 50,000 hard dollars, and 40,000 more in the house of the officer who came to impole the new taxes,

The infurgents in the province of Araquipa were too ftrong to think of accepting any terms, though government had offered to grant all that they had at first demanded. The fubject of discontent in that province, was the erection of customs, and the impertinent behaviour of their officers; the commiffioners and other officers having had the presumption and impudence to infift, that no one fhould appear before them without taking off his hat and his cloak; and on the other hand, they had impofed immoderate taxes, and principally on those commodities which fhould have been taxed the loweft. In the first fury of the insurgents, the cuftom-houses were deftroyed, and their warehouses broke open: only 2c00 dollars were found; thofe were carried off; but the Indians refpected the merchants goods, and did not touch them.

Literary Character of ADDISON. [From Prefaces, biographical and critical, to the Works of the English Poets. By Samuel Johnson, LL. D.]

ADDISON, in his life, and for fome

time afterwards, was confidered, by the greater part of readers, as fupremely excelling both in poetry and criticifm. Part of his reputation may be probably afcribed to the advancement of his fortune. When, as Swift obferves, he became a statesman, and saw poets waiting at his levee, it is no wonder that praile was accumulated upon him. Much, likewife, may be more honourably afcribed to his perfonal character; he who, if he had claimed it, might have obtain ed the diadem, was not likely to be de nied the laurel.

But time quickly puts an end to artificial and accidental fame, and Additon is to pass through futurity protected only by his genius. Every name which kindness or intereft once raised too high, is in danger, left the next age should, by the vengeance of criticism, fink it in the fame proportion. A great writer has lately ftyled him an indifferent puer, and a worfe critic.

His poetry is firft to be confidered; of which it must be confeffed that it has not often thofe felicities of diction which give luftre to fentiments, or that vigour of fentiment that animates diction: there is little of ardour, vehemence, or transport; there is very rarely the awfulness of grandeur, and not very often the fplendour of elegance. He thinks jutt

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